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Articles 4921 - 4950 of 5324
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
New, Little-Known And Characteristic Ciliate Speciesfrom The Apsheron Coast Of The Caspian Sea, Ilham Alekperov, Esmira Asadullayeva
New, Little-Known And Characteristic Ciliate Speciesfrom The Apsheron Coast Of The Caspian Sea, Ilham Alekperov, Esmira Asadullayeva
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Three new, five little-known and five characteristic ciliate species are described and figured. All these species were found in the psammon and periphyton along the Apsheron coast of the Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan). The descriptions are based on the observations of living specimens and the analysis of slides impregnated with silver.
Effects Of Salinity On The Accumulation Of Copper In Liver, Gill And Muscle Tissues Of Tilapia Nilotica, Murat Karakoç
Effects Of Salinity On The Accumulation Of Copper In Liver, Gill And Muscle Tissues Of Tilapia Nilotica, Murat Karakoç
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, effects of 5, 10, 15 and 20 NaCl concentrations on the accumulation of copper in liver, gill and muscle tissues of Tilapia niloticawere studied over experimental periods of 1, 7, 15 and 30 days at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ppm copper in the medium. The highest levels of copper were found in the liver and the lowest values in the muscle tissue in a given NaCl and metal concentration. Accumulation of copper in the liver tissue, however, increased with increasing copper concentrations in the medium in all salt concentrations. The increase of the NaCl concentration …
The Effects Of Toxic Aluminium And Low Ph On Gill Development Of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) Larvae., Meti̇n Çalta
The Effects Of Toxic Aluminium And Low Ph On Gill Development Of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) Larvae., Meti̇n Çalta
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, the gill development of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) larvae exposed to toxic aluminium (200 ?g/L), those exposed low pH (4.5) alone and those exposed to both for 30 days were investigated under scanning electron microscopy. General appearance of gills, filament and lamella lengths and the number of lamellae per filament were determined in order to evaluate the effects of these toxicants on gill development. In addition, the death rates and general conditions of larvae were observed. In larvae exposed to low pH alone and in those exposed to aluminium alone, a slight thickness in the …
The Study On Morphological And Physiological Characters Affecting The Productivity Of Some Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Genotypes Of Turkey, Ahmet Güler
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Experimental material consisted of 36 selected colonies collected from 6 different regions of Turkey. During the swarming season 20 worker bees were taken from each colony in order to measure the morphological characters including corbicul and wax mirror area, tongue length and body size. Development of the colony population, brood rearing activity and honey yield during a season were determined and the hive was weighed weekly for 6 months under migratory beekeeping conditions. The relationships between some morphological and physiological characters which affected the productivity of genotypes were investigated. The average honey yields were found to be 24.38±3.58, 26.57±5.51, 57.15±3.43, …
Role Of Vitamin E In Decreasing The Toxic Effect Of Digoxin, İsmai̇l Meral, Burhanetti̇n Baydaş, Fahri̇ Bayiroğlu, Hamdi̇ Uysal
Role Of Vitamin E In Decreasing The Toxic Effect Of Digoxin, İsmai̇l Meral, Burhanetti̇n Baydaş, Fahri̇ Bayiroğlu, Hamdi̇ Uysal
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of vitamin E in decreasing the toxic effect of digoxin. Electrocardiographic recordings of New Zealand rabbits which were treated with digoxin-only or digoxin+vitamin E were used. Recordings were obtained before and 24 hours after treatments. It was found that digoxin-only treatment caused a sinusoidal tachicardia without changing the durations or amplitudes of any wave on the trace. However, digoxin+vitamin E treatment did not produce any increase in heart rate. It was concluded that vitamin E injection along with digoxin injection might lower the toxic effect of digoxin. More studies are needed …
A Study Of The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Meriones Persicus (Blanford, 1875) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak
A Study Of The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Meriones Persicus (Blanford, 1875) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, three live specimens captured around Oltu ( Erzurum ) were examined in terms of their morphological and karyological features. The diploid number of the chromosomes was 2n= 42, the fundamental number FN= 78 and the number of autosomal arms was FNa= 74. The X and Y chromosomes were both submetacentric in M. persicus. It was determined that the small white supraorbital spot found between the eyes and ears of the pelage, as well as karyological traits, distinguish Meriones persicus from Meriones tristrami. On the basis of morphological similarity, it was concluded that these taxa were sibling species.
A Note On The Examination Of Morphometric Differentiation Among Fish Populations: The Truss System, Cemal Turan
A Note On The Examination Of Morphometric Differentiation Among Fish Populations: The Truss System, Cemal Turan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Identifying intraspecific units or stocks of a species with unique morphological characters enables a better management of these subunits of species and ensurs perpetuations of the resources. Multivariate morphometry has been commonly used to investigate the discreteness and interrelationships of stocks within a species. Different types of body measurements have been traditionally used to charecterise stocks. However these measurements have recently been criticised because there are several biases and weaknesses inherent in traditional characters. As an alternative, a new system of morphometric measurements called The Truss Network System has been increasingly used for stock identification. In this review a computer-originated …
Karyological Analysis And Body Proportion Of Catfish (Clariidae, Clarias Lazera, Valenciennes, 1840) In The Göksu Delta, Turkey, Serap Ergene Gözükara, Ender Portakal, Arzu Karahan
Karyological Analysis And Body Proportion Of Catfish (Clariidae, Clarias Lazera, Valenciennes, 1840) In The Göksu Delta, Turkey, Serap Ergene Gözükara, Ender Portakal, Arzu Karahan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Chromosome analysis of Clarias lazera living in wet lands located in Göksu River (Göksu Delta) was accomplished by modified air-drying. Clarias lazera was found to have 18 metacentric, 26 submetacentric and 12 acrocentric chromosomes. Twenty-five systematically important meristic and morphometric characters of Clarias lazera in the Göksu Delta were examined for 49 specimens. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of Clarias lazera, which is not originally from this region, karyological analyses were carried out, and certain some morhometric characteristics were investigated.
A Morphological Investigation On The Anuran Species Of The Reşadiye (Datça) Peninsula (Anura: Bufonidae, Hylidae, Ranidae), Cemal Varol Tok
A Morphological Investigation On The Anuran Species Of The Reşadiye (Datça) Peninsula (Anura: Bufonidae, Hylidae, Ranidae), Cemal Varol Tok
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this survey the amphibian fauna of Reşadiye (Datça) Peninsula, which has not been studied in detail so far, is given. No urodelan species has been encountered during the present work; but the presence of four different species belonging to three anuran families is established. Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea and Rana ridibunda specimens were collected from two, five, three and six different localities respectively, establishing the status of the peninsula's anura fauna. A total of 125 adult and two juvenile specimens were studied morphologically. Some observations on the ecological and biological characteristics of the anurans are also given.
Specimens Of Ophisops Elegans (Sauria:Lacertidae) Collected From Ihlara Valley (Aksaray), Kurtuluş Olgun, Cemal Varol Tok
Specimens Of Ophisops Elegans (Sauria:Lacertidae) Collected From Ihlara Valley (Aksaray), Kurtuluş Olgun, Cemal Varol Tok
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, a total of 30 specimens (15 , 15 ) collected from Ihlara Valley were examined for their taxonomic characteristics. The Ihlara population was compared with two nearby populations (Kayseri and Karaman), which are included in the distribution range of Ophisops elegans centralanatoliae. When pholidosis, coloration and pattern features were taken into consideration it was concluded that the Ihlara population can be included in the species Ophisops elegans centralanatoliae.
Diagnosis Of Ovulation Rate And Embriyonal, Foetal Development By Transrectalultrasonography In The White Goats, Di̇lek Arsoy Başaran
Diagnosis Of Ovulation Rate And Embriyonal, Foetal Development By Transrectalultrasonography In The White Goats, Di̇lek Arsoy Başaran
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to check the ovulation rate, early pregnancy diagnosis, and the number of embryos and foetuses, and embryonic and foetal development using either FGA with a low dose PMSG(250 I.U.) or FGA without of PMSG in 2.5- 5.5-year-old white goats (Saanen X Kilis).Transrectal ultrasonography with a 5-7.5 MHz linear probe was used 7, 26, 33, 40, 50 and 57 days after mating. The ovulation rate was determined by the counting of corpora lutea in both of the ovaries 7 days after mating. The ovulation rate at day 7 in the PMSG group was (SE±)10.833±0.79, and …
Species And Subspecies Of The Genus Aphanius Nardo 1897 (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) In Turkey, Rudolf H. Wi̇ldekamp, Fahretti̇n Küçük, Mustafa Ünlüsayin, Wi̇m Van Neer
Species And Subspecies Of The Genus Aphanius Nardo 1897 (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) In Turkey, Rudolf H. Wi̇ldekamp, Fahretti̇n Küçük, Mustafa Ünlüsayin, Wi̇m Van Neer
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The Turkish species of the Cyprinodontiform genus Aphanius Nardo 1827 are described. The naming used follows Wildekamp (1993) (1) as the latest available revision. Information is given on morphology, sexual dimorphism, colouration and distribution, as well as remarks on taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution, variability and conservation. Comments are given on the Lazara (1995) (2) revalidation of Lebias as a distinct genus. It is shown that Valenciennes (1846) (3) is the first revisor of Lebias, and not Lazara, and that Aphanius should be maintained as a genus. The taxon Aphanius chantrei (Galliard 1895) is regarded as a junior synonym of Aphanius danfordii …
The First Record Of Epistylis Niagaraeon Astacus Leptodactylusin A Crayfish Rearing Unit, Cip, Muzaffer Mustafa Harlioğlu
The First Record Of Epistylis Niagaraeon Astacus Leptodactylusin A Crayfish Rearing Unit, Cip, Muzaffer Mustafa Harlioğlu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, the presence of the ectocommensal Epistylis niagarae on the carapace, abdomen, walking legs, uropod, telson, antennae and antennulae of crayfish was observed.
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With Organic Acids And Zinc Bacitracinon Ileal Microflora, Ph And Performance In Broilers, Müjdat Alp, Neşe Kocabağli, Recep Kahraman, Kami̇l Bostan
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With Organic Acids And Zinc Bacitracinon Ileal Microflora, Ph And Performance In Broilers, Müjdat Alp, Neşe Kocabağli, Recep Kahraman, Kami̇l Bostan
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of an organic acid combination (Acid Lac Dry: lactic, fumaric, propionic, citric and formic acid) and/or zinc bacitracin on the body weight gain, feed efficiency, microflora and pH in the ileum content of broiler-type chicks. Ross PM3 broiler chicks were placed in an experimental design that consisted of four dietary treatments with 48 broilers in each group. One-day-old chicks were fed either a control diet or a similar diet supplemented with 3 g/kg Acid Lac Dry, 0.1 g/kg zinc bacitracin or both additives in combination during a 42-d feeding trial. Acid Lac …
A Study On Rearing Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) In The Net Cages In Almus Dam Lake, Mehmet Karataş, A. İhsan Toğlaci
A Study On Rearing Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) In The Net Cages In Almus Dam Lake, Mehmet Karataş, A. İhsan Toğlaci
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to determine the growth parameters of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynhcus mykiss) in net cages in Almus Dam Lake. The experiment continued for a period of 105 days between May 1 and August 15 1996. During the experiment 6480 rainbow trout with an average weight of 50 g were used. Experimental groups of 50 g mean initial body weight reached 279 g mean final weight by the end of the experiment.
Arsenic Residues In Grey Mullets Caught In Lake Van, Ali̇ Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Ender Yarsan, İdri̇s Türel
Arsenic Residues In Grey Mullets Caught In Lake Van, Ali̇ Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Ender Yarsan, İdri̇s Türel
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
In this study, pollution caused by arsenic residues in grey mullets (Chalcarburnus tarichii, Pallas 1811) living in Van Lake were investigated. A Total 120 samples, from the four seasons from 01.01.1994 to 01.01.1995 were collected. The organic parts of the muscles were washed with a mixture of magnesium oxide and magnesium nitrate according to the dry ash method and arsenic residues were measured by silver diethyl dithyocarbamate in a spectrophotometer. By analyzing the 120 fish samples, arsenic residues were calculated to be 0.009 - 0.347 ppm (average 0.051±0.046). In light of these results as the arsenic residues in grey mullets …
Detection Of Listeria Species In Minced Beef, Ufuk Tansel Şi̇reli̇, İrfan Erol
Detection Of Listeria Species In Minced Beef, Ufuk Tansel Şi̇reli̇, İrfan Erol
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of outbreaks of human listeriosis and contaminated foods have been considered to be a potential source of infection. In this study, a total of 100 minced beef samples were obtained from different butchers and supermarkets in Ankara and examined for the presence and degree of contamination with Listeria species. The minced beef samples were collected in aseptic conditions and transported to the laboratory in cold storage. The method suggested by USDA - FSIS was used for the isolation and identification of Listeria spp. In addition, the degree of contamination …
Determination Of Cyanide Levels In Sorghum Halepense At Different Vegetation Stages In The Aydın Area, Mustafa Sari, Ferda Akar, Fatma Karataş
Determination Of Cyanide Levels In Sorghum Halepense At Different Vegetation Stages In The Aydın Area, Mustafa Sari, Ferda Akar, Fatma Karataş
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
In this study, HCN levels in 150 Sorghum halepense samples obtained from the province of Aydın during 3 different vegetation periods were determined. The analysis was carried out using spectrophotometry. According to the results of the analysis, average HCN levels during the tiller, flowering, and postflowering stages in Sorghum halepense leaves, were 460.8, 144.8, and 44.22 ppm respectively. It was concluded that HCN levels in Sorghum halepense growing in the province of Aydın would be toxic for herbivores during the tillers and flowering stages.
Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies Againstfoot And Mouth Disease Virus And Determination Of Antigenicvariations In Field Strains, S. İsmet Gürhan, Burhan Gürhan, Gülhan Aynagöz, Ni̇lay Ünal, Gülnur Ünver
Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies Againstfoot And Mouth Disease Virus And Determination Of Antigenicvariations In Field Strains, S. İsmet Gürhan, Burhan Gürhan, Gülhan Aynagöz, Ni̇lay Ünal, Gülnur Ünver
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this project was characterization of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against O 1 Man. 69, a vaccine strain of the Ankara Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Institute and detection of the antigenic variation in field virus strains. For that purpose,17 MAbs were used. Activities of MAbs against 146S, enzyme treated 146S (146S-T) and 12S antigenic particles of O 1 Man. 69 virus strain were estimated by indirect ELISA. Reaction to viral capsid proteins was detected by Western immunoblotting and detection of the neutralization specificity was done by both in vitro and in vivo neutralization tests and mouse protection assay. …
Factors Affecting Milk Composition And Changes In Milkcomposition With Lactation Stage In Anatolian Buffaloes, Özel Şekerden, Hüseyi̇n Erdem, Bülent Kankurdan, Bülent Özlü
Factors Affecting Milk Composition And Changes In Milkcomposition With Lactation Stage In Anatolian Buffaloes, Özel Şekerden, Hüseyi̇n Erdem, Bülent Kankurdan, Bülent Özlü
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The research was performed to investigate factors affecting milk composition and chaning of milk components with lactation stage in Anatolian buffaloes. The material of the research was formed by 109 milk samples belonging to 28 cows rasied at 12 units of 3 seperate village of Çarsamba District of Samsun Province. Milk samples were taken at AM milkings in one month intervals. Lactation stages' effect was found significant level statistically (P
The Effects Of Different Fat Sources On Performance And Fat Deposition Of Broilers, Fi̇gen Kirkpinar, A. Mehmet Taluğ, Ramazan Erkek, Fevzi̇ Sevgi̇can
The Effects Of Different Fat Sources On Performance And Fat Deposition Of Broilers, Fi̇gen Kirkpinar, A. Mehmet Taluğ, Ramazan Erkek, Fevzi̇ Sevgi̇can
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Sunflower oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil soapstock, and tallow singly or in combination (1:1) with tallow were added to starter and finisher diets fed to 414 broiler chickens. Nine different isonitrogenic and isocaloric diets were prepared. Body weight differences were significant (P
Letter To The Editor, Nursal Meti̇n
Letter To The Editor, Nursal Meti̇n
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Selection For Four Week Body Weight On Slaughter, Carcass, And Abdominal Fat And Some Organ Weights And Blood Serum Parameters In Japanese Quail, Levent Türkmut, Özge Altan, İsmai̇l Oğuz, Servet Yalçin
Effects Of Selection For Four Week Body Weight On Slaughter, Carcass, And Abdominal Fat And Some Organ Weights And Blood Serum Parameters In Japanese Quail, Levent Türkmut, Özge Altan, İsmai̇l Oğuz, Servet Yalçin
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This research was carried out to determine the genetic effects of divergent selection under two different selection pressures for four week body weight over three generations on slaughter weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat and some organ weights and blood serum parameters in Japanese quail. Birds were weighed individually. Individual selection for body weight was carried out at four weeks, separately for each sex. The proportion kept was 10 % for males and 30% for females in 10Y and 10D lines, and 20% for males and 60% females in 20Y and 20D lines. 10Y and 20Y lines were selected for high …
Effects Of Calving Season And Lactation Order On Milk Yield And Milk Components In Simmental Cows, Özel Şekerden
Effects Of Calving Season And Lactation Order On Milk Yield And Milk Components In Simmental Cows, Özel Şekerden
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The research was performed to investigate effects of calving season and lactation order on milk yield components and changing of milk components with lactation stage in Simmental cows. Milk samples were taken at AM milkings in 30±15^{th}, 90±15^{th}, 150±15^{th} and 210±15^{th} days of lactations. Lactation stages' effect was found significant level statistically on only the rate of total solid matter (TSM). Calving season's effect was found at significant level statistically on 305-day milk yield; fat, protein, TSM, casein rates and lactation yield of casein. Although lactation order's effect was significant on all the component rates and yields of lactation except …
Growth Analysis Of Brown Swiss And Holstein Heifers Under Harsh Climatic Conditions, Ömer Akbulut
Growth Analysis Of Brown Swiss And Holstein Heifers Under Harsh Climatic Conditions, Ömer Akbulut
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Monthly live weights and heights at withers of Brown Swiss and Holstein heifers were compared in the period from birth to 18 months of age between 1991 and 1994. This study was carried out under harsh climatic conditions of Erzurum, situated in North-Eastern Anatolia with an altitude of 1950 m. During the experimental period annual mean temperature was 4.3 °C and minimum and maximum average monthly temperatures being -17 °C and 19.5 °C respectively. Total annual rainfall was 389 mm, and average humidity was 68.4 %. Feeding systems were based on medium quality roughage consisted of dry hay (grass, alfalfa …
Theileriosis'li Bir Buzağıda Semptomatik Burun Kanaması, Yusuf Gül
Theileriosis'li Bir Buzağıda Semptomatik Burun Kanaması, Yusuf Gül
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of The Use Of Cow's And Ewe's Milk And Different Salting Techniques On The Quality Properties Of Maraş Cheese, O. Cenap Teki̇nşen, Mustafa Atasever, Abdullah Keleş, Gürkan Uçar
Effects Of The Use Of Cow's And Ewe's Milk And Different Salting Techniques On The Quality Properties Of Maraş Cheese, O. Cenap Teki̇nşen, Mustafa Atasever, Abdullah Keleş, Gürkan Uçar
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Different salting techniques were used on Maraş cheese samples produced from cow's, ewe's and a mixture (1:1) of cow and ewe's milk. In the first group, samples were immersed 22% the brine solution for 3 hours then transferred into 10 % brine solution. In the second group, samples were salted with 1 % dry salt and after 24 hours were immersed in 13 % brine solution. The cheese samples were analysed for chemical, microbiological and sensory properties on the first day of production and after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of ripening. There were no statistical differences in the …
Interrelationships Between Some Quantitative Characters In Different Lines Of Silkworm (Bombyx Mori), Ümran Şahan, Tahsi̇n Kesi̇ci̇, Yildirim Bağci
Interrelationships Between Some Quantitative Characters In Different Lines Of Silkworm (Bombyx Mori), Ümran Şahan, Tahsi̇n Kesi̇ci̇, Yildirim Bağci
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This research was conducted to find out the characteristics related with cocoon and egg yield and correlaitions between these important characters in B8 (Japan) and Tokai (Chinese) breeds of silkworm. The relation between mounting weight and cocoon yield traits and the possibility of using them in selection were also investigated. The silkworms of the B8 line proved to be superior to Tokai with regard to mounting weight and pupal weight traits (P
Investigation On The Viability Span Of Listeria Monocytogenes During The Ripening Of Brined Şavak Cheese, Bahri̇ Patir, Aba Müslüm Güven
Investigation On The Viability Span Of Listeria Monocytogenes During The Ripening Of Brined Şavak Cheese, Bahri̇ Patir, Aba Müslüm Güven
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The purpose of this study was to determine the viability span of listeria monocytogenes during the ripening of brined şavak white cheese which is produced by and has a significant role in the nutrition of people living in Elazığ, Tunceli, Bingöl and Erzincan. Ewes milk was inoculated with various strains (4b, 1/2c and 1/2a) of listeria monocytogenes at the rate of 1.00x10^3 - 1.35x10^6 cells/ml and then şavak cheese was produced from the milk. The cheese samples were analysed after 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of ripening for the numbers of listeria monocytogenes with the direct plating …
Macroscopic And Microscopic Changes In Turkey Embryos Infected With Infectious Bursal Disease (Ibd; Gumboro Disease) Virus, Enver Beytut, Nursal Meti̇n
Macroscopic And Microscopic Changes In Turkey Embryos Infected With Infectious Bursal Disease (Ibd; Gumboro Disease) Virus, Enver Beytut, Nursal Meti̇n
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of turkey embryos to the chicken isolate of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) and to investigate the morphologic changes occured particularly in bursa of Fabricius (BF) and some visceral organs. In the study, 178 embryonated turkey eggs and 28th passage of the virus from chicken embryo were used. Doses of 0.1 ml from the viral suspension were inoculated into yolk sac (YS) and allantoic cavity (AC), respectively on 13th and 15th days of incubation. The deaths in the infected embryos occured especially between 3rd and 7th days of inoculation and …