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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1392

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Effects Of Energy Restriction And Realimentation On The Development Of Carcass Traits Of Yearling Heifers, C. L. Anderson, R. H. Pritchard, D. L. Boggs Jan 1991

Effects Of Energy Restriction And Realimentation On The Development Of Carcass Traits Of Yearling Heifers, C. L. Anderson, R. H. Pritchard, D. L. Boggs

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

Feedlot performance and carcass development were compared between heifers fed a low energy diet for an 88-day backgrounding period before receiving a high energy diet (LE) and heifers receiving a high energy diet throughout the trial (HE). The LE heifers were delayed in carcass and muscle growth (P<.10) when compared to HE heifers on day 89. At an 1100 1b weight constant, LE and HE carcasses had similar dissected muscle weights, rib fat measurements and marbling scores. Carcass dressing percentage was only affected by time (P<.10) on an energy dense diet at 1030 Ib. During the initial 88-day background period, HE heifers had higher ADG (P<.001) and lower Feed/gain requirements (P<.001). During realimentation, compensatory growth was exhibited through increased ADG (P< .lo) and improved feed/gain (P<.05) for LE heifers. From day 0 until slaughter, the cumulative ADG for HE heifers was greater (P<.05) and the cumulative feed conversion was lower for HE heifers (P<.10).

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Effects Of Level Of Concentrate And Forage Availability On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Range, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson Jan 1991

Effects Of Level Of Concentrate And Forage Availability On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Range, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

A winter grazing study was conducted using 120 pregnant Simmental x Angus cows to determine the effect of level of concentrate supplement and amount of available forage on cow performance. Concentrate supplements were fed at a high, medium and low level which included corn, corn-soybean meal and soybean meal, respectively, and were formulated to provide .7 Ib of crude protein per cow daily. Two winter pastures with distinctly different amounts of available forage were used in the trial. The amount of available forage had a greater effect on body weight and condition score change than did level of concentrate supplement …

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Effect Of Inoculants On High Moisture Corn Fermentation Characteristics And Cattle Performance, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson Jan 1991

Effect Of Inoculants On High Moisture Corn Fermentation Characteristics And Cattle Performance, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

High moisture corn was ensiled untreated (treatment 1) or treated with one of three different inoculants (treatment 2 = lactobacillus; treatment 3 = lactobacillus + streptococcus; treatment4 = lactobacillus + serratia), each at two moisture levels (27.2% and 22.4%). lnoculant effects on fermentation were moisture dependent. The pH, acetate concentrations and dry matter losses were generally lower and lactate concentrations higher due to inoculation at 27.2% moisture. Overall, treatment 3 was somewhat more effective than treatments 2 or 4. Inoculation effects were generally less at 22.4% moisture. lnoculant effects on soluble N were small and probably of little nutritional importance. …

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Environmental Effects On Limit-Fed Feedlot Finishing Diets, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson, J. Lounsbery Jan 1991

Environmental Effects On Limit-Fed Feedlot Finishing Diets, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson, J. Lounsbery

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

Ninety-six crossbred yearling steers were allotted to either ad libitum or 93% of ad libitum intake treatments in a 117-day winter finishing trial. Intake restriction began once the 93% treatment group was started on its finishing diet. Finishing diets were formulated to result in similar absolute intakes of nutrients and feed additives. Restricted treatment dry matter intake was lower than ad libitum as intended (P<.05), but average daily gain was also less, 3.71 and 3.50 Ib per day (P<.05) and resulted in similar feed/gain, 6.01 and 6.07 (P>.82). These results are in contrast to two previous trials conducted during summer and mild winter/spring conditions and suggest that cold stress may affect the response to limit-feeding of feedlot finishing diets.

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Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Supplement For Cows Grazing Dormant Winter Range, P. A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, P. S. Johnson Jan 1991

Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Supplement For Cows Grazing Dormant Winter Range, P. A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, P. S. Johnson

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

A 2-year grazing study involving 103 mature pregnant Simmental x Angus cows grazing dormant winter range was conducted to determine the effects of methionine addition to a urea-grain supplement on forage intake and digestibility and on cow performance. Four protein supplements designed to supply .8 1b crude protein per head daily were fed from mid-November to mid-February. Supplements contained (1) urea (CON), (2) urea plus methionine (MET), (3) urea plus sodium sulfate (SUL) and (4) soybean meal (SBM). Twice during the second winter (late November and late January), cows were administered controlled release chromic oxide boluses and fecal samples were …

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Substitution Of Rolled Barley For Whole Shelled Corn In Finishing Diets For Steers, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins Jan 1991

Substitution Of Rolled Barley For Whole Shelled Corn In Finishing Diets For Steers, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

Rolled barley was substituted for 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the whole shelled corn in finishing diets fed to steers for 84 days. Increasing barley substitution resulted in a linear (P=.12) decrease in ADG and a quadratic (P<.05) decrease in DM1 with no effect on feed conversion. At the termination of the study, barley substitution caused a linear reduction in carcass weight (P<.01) and dressing percent (P<.01). The 100% substitution of barley for corn reduced (Pc.05) the percentage of carcasses grading choice. Dietary net energy values calculated from steer weights, gain and feed intake increased linearly (P<.10) as barley content of the diets increased, possibly reflecting positive associative effects. Published energy values for barley may not be suitable for least cost pricing in all feeding situations.

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Grain Sources And Roughage Levels For Limited Feeding Backgrounding Programs, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins Jan 1991

Grain Sources And Roughage Levels For Limited Feeding Backgrounding Programs, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

The effects of grain source and roughage level in limited intake feeding programs were evaluated in 622-lb steer calves. Supplemented diets were based on high moisture ear corn (HMEC), whole shelled corn (WSC) + hay to provide similar NDF to the HMEC diet, HMEC diet containing 10% hay and the WSC + hay diet formulated to contain NDF similar to HMEC + hay. Steer calves were blocked by weight and fed to achieve 2.2 Ib ADG for a 52-day period. Steers fed HMEC had higher (P<.01) ADG and lower (P<.01) feed/gain than WSC fed steers. Low crude protein in the hay source caused lower (P<.01) crude protein in WSC diets. Lower crude protein intake could have limited steer growth. NE utilization appeared more efficient (P<.05) for heavy weight block steers, reflecting NRC equation low sensitivity to modest differences in frame size. Roughage level did not affect performance and did not interact with grain source.

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Relationship Of Maintenance Energy Requirements To Beef Female Production Efficiency, S. A. Shuey, C. P. Birkelo, D. M. Marshall Jan 1991

Relationship Of Maintenance Energy Requirements To Beef Female Production Efficiency, S. A. Shuey, C. P. Birkelo, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

Thirty-three Hereford x Angus first-calf females were used to determine the relationship between production efficiency (PE = calf weaning weight/l2month dam + calf ME intake) and nonlactating dam maintenance ME requirements (MEm) and its components k, and FHP. Substantial variation existed in PE and energy parameters among individuals. However, maintenance metabolism of the dam contributed little to explaining PE variation (Fs.04). This may have been due to the high plane of nutrition provided. Additionally, FHP was closely related to MEm (r2 = .69), suggesting it could be used as an indicator of fed maintenance requirements.

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In Vitro Digestibility Of Untreated And Ammonia Treated Oat Mill By-Product, C. P. Birkelo, B. Borkowski, S. Shuey Jan 1991

In Vitro Digestibility Of Untreated And Ammonia Treated Oat Mill By-Product, C. P. Birkelo, B. Borkowski, S. Shuey

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

Oat mill by-product (OMB, approximately 80% oat hulls) was treated with 0, 1%, 3%, or 5% NH3 and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% H2O (4 x 5 factorial design) and allowed to react for 28 days. Samples were analyzed for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP) and fiber content (NDF, ADF, ADL). Treatment with 3% NH3 and 20% H20 resulted in maximum improvement of IVDMD. CP was increased and NDF decreased due to treatment. Nutritional value of OMB can be improved by NH3 treatment.

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Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R. J. Pruitt Jan 1991

Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R. J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

A herd of purebred Angus and Simmental cows used for teaching, research and extension activities is maintained at the Cow-Calf Teaching and Research Unit near the SDSU campus. Besides use in the classroom, cattle are used for numerous student activities, field days and 4-H, FFA and other educational events. In addition to providing research information and an opportunity for education, this herd provides a stimulus for interactions between students and faculty and an avenue for communication between faculty and producers in the region.

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Interpreting Experimental Results, D. M. Marshall Jan 1991

Interpreting Experimental Results, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

No abstract provided.

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1991 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University Jan 1991

1991 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

This is the complete 1991 South Dakota Beef Report.

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1990-1991 Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club Jan 1991

1990-1991 Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

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A Five-Year Case History Of Retained Ownership, D.M. Marshall, J.J. Wagner Jan 1990

A Five-Year Case History Of Retained Ownership, D.M. Marshall, J.J. Wagner

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

A case history of retaining ownership of steer calves from weaning through slaughter was examined for calves born in 1985 through 1989. Calves were reared to weaning at the SDSU Antelope Range Livestock Station and following weaning were managed under a custom feedlot arrangement. Retaining ownership from weaning through slaughter resulted in profits of $1.83, $215.41, $162.75, $78.58 and $80.65 (excluding interest on calf) for the 1985 through 1989 calf crops, respectively. Cattle prices, feed costs and postweaning profitability tended to vary over years considerably more than cattle performance.

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The Economics Of Placing Heavy Steers Back In The Feedlot, C.M. Pankonin, R.H. Pritchard Jan 1990

The Economics Of Placing Heavy Steers Back In The Feedlot, C.M. Pankonin, R.H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

In the fall of 1989, 30 fed steers (1,069 Ib) marketed through the Sioux Falls Stockyards were purchased by a feeder to go back on feed rather than to slaughter. The cattle were purchased for $70/cwt on a $63/cwt fed steer market. These steers were previously on trial at the SDSU research feedlot. Thirty-two contemporary steers were retained at SDSU for determining subsequent costs of production and economic risks of placing heavy cattle on feed. The fed steer and futures markets were tracked for the next 27 days. During this period, there was no potential for profit based on break …

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Feed Utilization By Steers With Chronic Cryptosporidia Infection, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, C.D. Mullaney Jan 1990

Feed Utilization By Steers With Chronic Cryptosporidia Infection, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, C.D. Mullaney

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

The effect of chronic cryptosporidia infection on feed utilization by yearling steers was evaluated. Two control and two infected steers were fed a corn silage based diet. lnfected steers had shown evidence of cryptosporidia infection over a 6-month period prior to determining feed digestibility. Digestibilities of dry matter (58.1 vs 54.0 ± 3.9%), NDF (51.7 vs 54.6 ± 2.5%), ADF (35.8 34.8 ± 7.1%) and crude protein (45.0 vs 45.9 ± 5.3%) were unaffected (P>.10) by parasite infection for control and infected steers, respectively.

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Preweaning Processing Anthelmintic Treatment And Post Weaning Effects Of Sulfamethazine Based Medications On Performance Traits And Oocyst Shedding In Weaned Calves, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, M.A. Robbins Jan 1990

Preweaning Processing Anthelmintic Treatment And Post Weaning Effects Of Sulfamethazine Based Medications On Performance Traits And Oocyst Shedding In Weaned Calves, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, M.A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Two trials were conducted to evaluate antibiotic therapies for feeder calves originating in western South Dakota. In Trial 1, processing-anthelmintic treatment 28 days before weaning reduced ranch gains and provided no advantage in feedlot gains when calves were reprocessed. Processing included deworming, grubicide treatment, implanting and vaccination. Sulfamethazine medication caused transient improvements in feedlot performance during the feedlot receiving period in both trials. Supertherapeutic treatment with AS 700 offered no advantage in feedlot performance over therapeutic feeding in these calves. Sulfamethazine exposure suppressed coccidia oocyst shedding and appears to be an effective means of controlling coccidiosis and shipping fever complex …

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Effects Of Estradiol-Trenbalone Acetate Implant Combinations On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Two Steer Types, R.H. Pritchard, D.H. Gee, M.A. Robbins Jan 1990

Effects Of Estradiol-Trenbalone Acetate Implant Combinations On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Two Steer Types, R.H. Pritchard, D.H. Gee, M.A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Hereford x Angus (HA) and predominantly Gelbvieh cross (Gx) steer calves either received no implant (control) or were implanted initially and again at 77 days on feed with a combination of estradiol and trenbalone acetate based implants. Calves were started on feed in December weighing 677 Ib and fed for 146 to 167 days. Fed for a common period of time, implanting steers increased (Pc.05) ADG, dry matter intake, final weight, carcass weight, rib fat thickness and yield grade. Implanting reduced (Pc.01) marbling scores. Gx steers were heavier and grew more rapidly than HA steers. There were no interactions between …

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Combinations Of Synovex And Finaplex For Yearling Steers, J.J. Wagner, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, M.J. Goetz Jan 1990

Combinations Of Synovex And Finaplex For Yearling Steers, J.J. Wagner, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, M.J. Goetz

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

One hundred twenty-three yearling black baldy steers were fed in one pen for 123 days at a commercial feedlot near Kimball, South Dakota. On day 1 in the feedlot, 53 steers were implanted with Synovex-S, 53 steers were implanted with the combination of Synovex-S and Finaplix-S and 17 steers received no implant. On day 60 in the feedlot, 18 of the Synovex-S steers and 18 of the combination steers were reimplanted using Synovex-S. Also on day 60, 18 of the Synovex-S steers and 18 of the combination steers were reimplanted using the combination of Synovex-S and Finaplix-S. The remaining steers …

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Interrelationships Of Heifer Milk Production And Other Biological Traits With Production Efficiency To Weaning, B.A. Freking, D.M. Marshall Jan 1990

Interrelationships Of Heifer Milk Production And Other Biological Traits With Production Efficiency To Weaning, B.A. Freking, D.M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Interrelationships among milk production, cow-calf feed efficiency and other biological traits were evaluated on first-calf females and their calves. Production efficiency was defined as cumulative feed metabolizable energy consumed by the dam-calf pair during the year divided by calf weaning weight. Results indicated that increased levels of milk production were associated with improved production efficiency to weaning as long as calves have the genetic potential to convert the extra milk into body weight gains. However, the incremental improvement in efficiency per unit of increased milk was less for each additional unit of milk.

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Whole Plant Faba Bean Siage As A Component Of Growing Steer Diets, J.J. Wagner, H. Nantoume, R. Hanson, D.R. Sorenson Jan 1990

Whole Plant Faba Bean Siage As A Component Of Growing Steer Diets, J.J. Wagner, H. Nantoume, R. Hanson, D.R. Sorenson

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Whole plant faba bean silage was compared to corn-alfalfa silage as a roughage source in 30% roughage growing steer diets. When the proportion of faba bean silage was increased from 0 to 10, 20 and 30%, respectively, daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion of the steers were 18.32, 18.38, 18.23, 19.13 Ib per head; 3.66, 3.42, 3.39, 3.57 Ib per head; and 5.01, 5.38, 5.37 and 5.36, respectively. Substitution of faba bean silage for corn-alfalfa silage in a 30% forage diet had no significant (Pc.05) effect on feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency for growing steers.

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Hydrolyzed Feather Meal Supplementation For Lactating Range Cows, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt, T. Weber Jan 1990

Hydrolyzed Feather Meal Supplementation For Lactating Range Cows, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt, T. Weber

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

A 2-year study involving 178 cow/calf pairs was conducted to evaluate hydrolyzed feather meal4 as a protein supplement for cows grazing native range during early lactation. Calving season occurred from mid-March until late April. Within a week after calving, cows were fed either a soybean meal or feather meal-corn supplement that provided approximately .83 1b crude protein per cow daily. Cow weight and condition score changes from calving until early May and percentage of cows cycling early in the breeding season (early June) were similar between supplement groups. Calf average daily gains from birth until May were not affected by …

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Evaluation Of Controlled Release Chromic Oxide Boluses And Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Lignin As Markers To Determine Intake Of Cows Fed Mature Prairie Hay, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt, R.J. Emerick, R.H. Pritchard Jan 1990

Evaluation Of Controlled Release Chromic Oxide Boluses And Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Lignin As Markers To Determine Intake Of Cows Fed Mature Prairie Hay, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt, R.J. Emerick, R.H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

A digestion trial involving 8 mature cows fed mature prairie hay ad libitum was conducted to determine the validity of controlled release chromic oxide (Cr) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide lignin (APL) as markers for prediction of forage intake by the fecal output (F0)/indigestibility ratio technique. Seven days after oral administration of Cr boluses, total FO was collected daily, weighed and sampled. Rectal fecal grab samples were collected at 10:00 a.m. each day and at 4-hour intervals on day 4 of collections. Mean fecal Cr output based on total fecal collections was 1,662 mg Cr/day compared to a manufacturer's suggested value …

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Alternate Day Supplementation Of Corn Stalk Diets For Ruminants With High Or Low Ruminal Escape Protein Supplements, R.M. Collins, R.H. Pritchard Jan 1990

Alternate Day Supplementation Of Corn Stalk Diets For Ruminants With High Or Low Ruminal Escape Protein Supplements, R.M. Collins, R.H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding soybean meal (SBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) based, isonitrogenous supplements at 24- or 48-hour intervals on corn stalk utilization. Exp. 1. Yearling rams were fed either protein supplement as 100 g daily or 200 g on alternate days. DM1 was lower (Pc.10) for the CGM than SBM based supplements. Protein source and interval of feeding did not affect (P>.10) digestible dry matter intake (DDMI) or disappearance of dry matter (DMD), but an interaction was observed (P<.05) between protein source and interval of feeding. Nitrogen retention was greater for CGM (P<.10) and 48-hour supplementation (P<.01). However, an interaction between protein source and interval of feeding occurred (P<.10) for N retention. Exp. 2. Angus and Hereford x Anugs steers (119 head; 620 ± 1.9 Ib) allotted to 8-head pens were fed similar diets except supplements (46% crude protein) also provided 0 (OM) or 200 (200M) mg per head per day monensin. CGM supported higher (Pc.05) ADG and gain/feed (G/F) than SBM, but a protein by monensin interaction occurred (Pc.10) for ADG and GIF. There was an interval by monensin interaction for ADG (P<.10) and DM1 (P<.05). An interaction between protein and interval occurred for plasma urea N on day 1 (P<.01) and day 2 (P<.10) of the sampling period. CGM was an effective isonitrogenous substitute for SBM based supplements in these applications. Supplementation at 48-hour intervals supported higher N utilization. High intermittent dosages of monensin appeared detrimental to calf performance.

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Use Of Sunflower Hulls As The Roughage Component Of Finishing Diets For Yearling Steers, R.H. Pritchard, M.A. Robbins Jan 1990

Use Of Sunflower Hulls As The Roughage Component Of Finishing Diets For Yearling Steers, R.H. Pritchard, M.A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Sunflower hulls were substituted for grass-alfalfa hay as the roughage component of finishing diets for yearling steers. Feed intake was lower when sunflower hulls were fed, resulting in reduced rate of gain and increased feed conversion. When diets were formulated to contain 12% NDF rather than 10% roughage, performance of steers fed either roughage source was similar. Sunflower hulls because of low cost can be used in finishing diets at 5% of dry matter intake without affecting production costs. Feeding higher levels of unprocessed sunflower hulls is discouraged.

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Anhydrous Ammonia Or Liquid Supplement Treatment Of Wheat Straw: Demonstration Results, T.B. Goehring, R.H. Pritchard, T. Derr, J. Thelen Jan 1990

Anhydrous Ammonia Or Liquid Supplement Treatment Of Wheat Straw: Demonstration Results, T.B. Goehring, R.H. Pritchard, T. Derr, J. Thelen

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

The effect of anhydrous ammonia or liquid supplement treatment of wheat straw was evaluated by field demonstration in response to the drought of 1989. Ammoniation of wheat straw increased estimated TDN content by 7.8 percentage points and crude protein by 7 percentage points in comparison with untreated straw. Adding a liquid protein supplement to wheat straw increased estimated TDN content by 1.5 percentage points and crude protein by .6 percentage points. Ammoniation increased the quality of wheat straw to a level comparable to prairie hay. Based on nutrient analysis, the ammoniation procedure was more effective in improving the quality of …

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Response Of Yearling Cattle To Limit Fed Finishing Diets In Different Seasonal Environments, C.P. Birkelo, D.R. Sorenson Jan 1990

Response Of Yearling Cattle To Limit Fed Finishing Diets In Different Seasonal Environments, C.P. Birkelo, D.R. Sorenson

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Two trials were conducted to evaluate limit-feeding of finishing diets to yearling steers in different seasonal environments. In Trial 1, 72 yearling steers were fed (I) ad libitum or (2) 93% of ad libitum (restricted) from July through early November. Trial 2 was conducted from January through early May with a similar group of steers. Weather data collected at the feedlot indicated that the weather during Trial 1 was similar to the 30-year average (Trial 1 average air temperature = 62 OF), but the weather during Trial 2 was 10°F warmer than typical (average air temperature = 37 OF). In …

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Interpreting Experimental Results, D.M. Marshall Jan 1990

Interpreting Experimental Results, D.M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

No abstract provided.

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1990 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University Jan 1990

1990 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

This is the complete 1990 South Dakota Beef Report

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Sdsu Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club Jan 1990

Sdsu Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

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