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International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology

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Articles 121 - 147 of 147

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Neem Seed Extract Spray Applications As Low-Cost Inputs For Management Of The Flower Thrips In The Cowpea Crop, R. C. Saxena, E. L. Kidiavai Jan 1997

Neem Seed Extract Spray Applications As Low-Cost Inputs For Management Of The Flower Thrips In The Cowpea Crop, R. C. Saxena, E. L. Kidiavai

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In field trials conducted at the Experiment Station and in a farmer's field at Mbita near the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya, applications of 2% or 3% neem seed extract (NSE) @ 200 l/ha with a knapsack sprayer at 38, 47 and 51 days after emergence (DE) of the cowpea crop or 5%, 10% or 20% NSE sprayed @ 10 l/ha with an ultra-low-volume applicator at 31, 39 and 49 DE often significantly reduced the number of larvae of the flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), in cowpea flowers recorded 2 days after each treatment. Also fewer adults occurred in flowers …

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Reproductive Responses Of Iphiseius Degenerans And Neoseiulus Teke (Acari: Phytoseiidae) To Changes In The Density Of The Cassava Green Mite, Mononychellus Tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae), F. E. Nwilene, G. Nachman Jan 1996

Reproductive Responses Of Iphiseius Degenerans And Neoseiulus Teke (Acari: Phytoseiidae) To Changes In The Density Of The Cassava Green Mite, Mononychellus Tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae), F. E. Nwilene, G. Nachman

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We assessed the reproductive responses of adult female Iphiseius degenerans and Neoseiulus teke to increasing density of three stages of their prey, Mononychellus tanajoa, on cassava leaf discs under laboratory conditions. The oviposition rates increased with number of prey consumed per predator per day with a maximum of approximately two eggs per day for I. degenerans and four eggs per day for N. teke. The oviposition rate of N. teke was higher when consuming eggs than other prey stages. Neoseiulus teke was more efficient than I. degenerans in converting consumed prey into egg production. The data were adequately described by …

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Functional Responses Of Iphiseius Degenerans And Neoseiulus Teke (Acari: Phytoseiidae) To Changes In The Density Of The Cassava Green Mite, Mononychellus Tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae), F. E. Nwilene, G. Nachman Jan 1996

Functional Responses Of Iphiseius Degenerans And Neoseiulus Teke (Acari: Phytoseiidae) To Changes In The Density Of The Cassava Green Mite, Mononychellus Tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae), F. E. Nwilene, G. Nachman

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The functional responses of pintonymph and adult female Iphiseius degenerans and Neoseiulus teke to increasing density of three stages of their prey, the cassava green mite (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa, were studied on excised cassava leaf discs under laboratory conditions. The responses obtained were predominantly sigmoid type III curves with the highest plateau when both stages of I. degenerans and N. teke were preying on CGM eggs. In all cases, the predation rate of the former species exceeded that of the latter. The empirical data were fitted by four different models. From the models, the attack coefficient (a') and handling time …

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Prospects For Biological Control Of Livestock Ticks, Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus And Amblyomma Variegatum, Using The Entomogenous Fungi Beauveria Bassiana And Metarhizium Anisopliae, Godwin P. Kaaya, Esther N. Mwangi, Elizabeth A. Ouna Jan 1996

Prospects For Biological Control Of Livestock Ticks, Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus And Amblyomma Variegatum, Using The Entomogenous Fungi Beauveria Bassiana And Metarhizium Anisopliae, Godwin P. Kaaya, Esther N. Mwangi, Elizabeth A. Ouna

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Both Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae induced, approximately 30% mortalities in adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus feeding on rabbits while M. anisopliae induced a mortality of 37% in adult Amblyomma variegatum. Both fungal species induced reductions in engorgement weights, fecundity, and egg hatchability in adult A. variegatum. M. anisopliae reduced fecundity by 94% in A. variegatum. Furthermore, B. bassiana reduced egg hatchability to 0%, while 11% of the infected females failed to lay eggs. In Zebu cattle naturally infested, with R. appendiculatus in the field, both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae induced high mortalities ranging from 76-85%, a remarkable reduction in fecundity …

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Ultrastructural Changes In The Milk Gland Of Tsetse Glossina Morsitans Centralis (Diptera; Glissinidae) Female Infected By A Dna Virus, Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Peter Ogaja Jan 1996

Ultrastructural Changes In The Milk Gland Of Tsetse Glossina Morsitans Centralis (Diptera; Glissinidae) Female Infected By A Dna Virus, Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Peter Ogaja

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Milk glands, dissected out and collected from Glossina morsitans centralis (Machado) females, artificially inoculated at the third-instar larval stage with a virus suspension obtained from hypertrophied salivary glands of wild-caught virus-infected Glossina pallidipes (Austen), were processed for routine electron microscopy and examined for pathological changes. They were compared to milk glands dissected out from normal female G.m. centralis at the same stage of pregnancy cycle. Upon dissection there were notable physical differences between control and virus-infected milk glands. Histologically, some areas of the gland developed severe degeneration while other areas developed less severe pathological changes. Ultrastructural studies revealed the presence …

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Comparison Of Resistance In Three Breeds Of Cattle Against African Ixodid Ticks, G. Solomon, G. P. Kaaya Jan 1996

Comparison Of Resistance In Three Breeds Of Cattle Against African Ixodid Ticks, G. Solomon, G. P. Kaaya

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Tick resistance in three breeds of cattle, two indigenous breeds (Arssi and Boran) and one Boran × Friesian cross-breed, were compared following natural tick infestations at Abernossa ranch in Ethiopia. The local Arssi breed was found to have the highest tick resistance, followed by the Boran breed, whereas the Boran × Friesian was the least resistant. Over a period of 12 months, from October 1991 to September 1992, a total of 32 897 ticks composed of four genera were collected from the animals. The four most abundant tick species were Amblyomma variegatum (61.7%), Boophilus decoloratus (16%); Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (16.3%) …

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Genetics Of Resistance To Aphis Craccivora In Cowpea, S. M. Githiri, K. Ampong-Nyarko, E. O. Osir, P. M. Kimani Jan 1996

Genetics Of Resistance To Aphis Craccivora In Cowpea, S. M. Githiri, K. Ampong-Nyarko, E. O. Osir, P. M. Kimani

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Inheritance of aphid resistance and allelic relationships among sources of resistance was studied in the parents, F1, F2, F3, and backcross populations of cowpea crosses. Each 4-day old seedling was infested with five fourth-instar aphids. Seedling reaction was recorded 14-16 days after infestation when the susceptible check was killed. The segregation data from eight crosses between resistant and susceptible cowpea cultivars indicated that aphid resistance was inherited as a monogenic dominant trait. Segregation data from crosses among eight resistant cultivars indicated that one or two loci and modifier(s) were involved in the expression of resistance to aphids. It was suggested …

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Reproductive Performance And Population Dynamics Of Cowpea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) On Leaf Extracts Of Resistant And Susceptible Cowpeas, I. Billy Annan, Ward M. Tingey, George A. Schaefers, Kailash N. Saxena Jan 1996

Reproductive Performance And Population Dynamics Of Cowpea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) On Leaf Extracts Of Resistant And Susceptible Cowpeas, I. Billy Annan, Ward M. Tingey, George A. Schaefers, Kailash N. Saxena

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Membrane feeding studies were conducted to determine the effects of raw juices and chemical extracts of leaves of aphid-resistant (ICV-12) and aphid- susceptible (ICV-1) cultivars of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)], on the survival, growth, and reproduction of cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. Life table and demographic statistics of the cohort population and subsequent generations were estimated. Compared to ICV-1, the leaf juices and chemical extracts of ICV-12 exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) adverse effects on aphid survival, growth, and reproduction. Raw leaf juice and ethyl acetate extract of ICV-12 in both water and sucrose significantly (P ≤ 0.05) limited …

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Linkage Relationships Among Loci Controlling Morphological Traits In Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.), S. M. Githiri, P. M. Kimani, R. S. Pathak Jan 1995

Linkage Relationships Among Loci Controlling Morphological Traits In Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.), S. M. Githiri, P. M. Kimani, R. S. Pathak

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Linkage among loci controlling various morphological traits in cowpea were determined using F2 progenies. Data were collected on individual plants of four crosses segregating for several loci. Recombination estimates between the following pairs of loci were as follows: Sw (swollen vs normal stem base)-Fbc (cream vs green flower buds) (41±4.8%), Pus(purple vs green stems)-Cbr (cocoa-brown vs straw-yellow dry pods) (31±5.7%), Pup(purple vs green immature pods)-Cbr (30±5.7%), Pus-Pup (4±1.5%), Ndt (non-determinate vs determinate)-Pd (peduncle colour) (26±2.8%), Ndt-Hg (semi-erect vs erect plant type) (26±2.8%), Pt(purple vs green pod tips)-Bk (greyish-black vs straw-yellow dry pods) (19±2.4%) and Hg-Bpd (normal vs branching peduncle (24±9.5%). …

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Effect Of Pubescence In Cowpea Resistance To The Legume Pod Borer Maruca Testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), S. Oghiakhe Jan 1995

Effect Of Pubescence In Cowpea Resistance To The Legume Pod Borer Maruca Testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), S. Oghiakhe

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Pubescence (trichomes) in wild and cultivated cowpeas, Vigna vexillata and V. unguiculata, adversely affected oviposition, mobility, and food consumption and utilisation by the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer), in tests conducted with TVnu 72 (wild, highly resistant and highly pubescent), TVu 946 (semi-wild, moderately resistant and pubescent) and IT82D-716 (cultivated, highly susceptible and pubescent). In free-choice and no-choice tests, significantly (P < 0.05) fewer eggs were laid on 3-week-old potted plants of TVnu 72, the highly pubescent and wild species; this species also received fewer eggs on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. Ovipositional activity on stipules, stem, branches, terminal shoots, adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of the susceptible cultivar, IT82D-716 was higher (P < 0.05) than on TVu 946 and TVnu 72. More eggs were laid on the abaxial surfaces than on the adaxial surfaces of leaves for all tests conducted, except for the TVnu 72 no-choice test. Significant negative correlations (r = -0.99** and r = -0.99**) were found between mean number of eggs laid and length and density of non-glandular trichomes. There was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.99**) between larval velocity and length of non-glandular trichomes on pod surface. Similarly, significant negative correlations (r = -0.85* and -0.89*) were found between larval velocity and density and length of non-glandular trichomes on leaf surface. Pods of IT82D-716 and TVnu 72 were the most - and least - preferred for settling by larvae of M. testulalis, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.99**) between larval penetration time on pods and length of non-glandular trichomes. Weight loss, number of feeding punctures and number of larvae on whole pods of TVnu 72 were lower and significantly different (P < 0.05) from IT82D-716 and TVu 946. This study showed that it would be advantageous to use TVnu 72 in a breeding programme to incorporate pubescence into high-yielding commercial cultivars for resistance against M. testulalis and possibly other major pests. © 1995.

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Natural Attraction Of Livestock Ticks By The Leaves Of A Shrub, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, M. M. Malonza Jun 1994

Natural Attraction Of Livestock Ticks By The Leaves Of A Shrub, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, M. M. Malonza

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During examination of leaves of different plants on Rusinga Island, Kenya, ticks were commonly found on the leaves of a plant identified as Acalypha fruticosa Forsk. var. villosa Hutch (Euphorbiaceae). Larvae of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the predominant ticks encountered, found quiescent on the undersurface of the leaves. Laboratory investigations showed that significant numbers of ticks were attracted by odours from this plant. It was concluded that the leaves of A. fruticosa are attractive to this tick and have potential for use as a trap to control ticks. © 1994 Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine.

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Isolation Of Trypanosoma Spp. From Wild Tsetse Flies Through Procyclic Expansion In Glossina Morsitans Centralis, Steve Mihok, Eli N. Munyoki, Freddie Masaninga, Paul N. Ndegwa, Reardon O. Olubayo Jan 1994

Isolation Of Trypanosoma Spp. From Wild Tsetse Flies Through Procyclic Expansion In Glossina Morsitans Centralis, Steve Mihok, Eli N. Munyoki, Freddie Masaninga, Paul N. Ndegwa, Reardon O. Olubayo

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Procyclic trypanosomes from wild tsetse flies were membrane-fed to Glossina morsitans centralis in order to develop an optimal technique for propagating field isolates. A 70% success rate was achieved in isolating Trypanosoma simiae and a variety of genotypes of T. congolense originating from G. pallidipes, G. brevipalpis and G. swynnertoni. Parasites matured into forms infective for mammals, and could be maintained by passage of gut forms to new groups of flies. In experiments with laboratory stocks, we also passaged immature gut infections of T. congolense and T. brucei from various tsetse species to G. m. centralis. The optimal technique was …

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Detection Of Trypanosome Infections In The Saliva Of Tsetse Flies And Buffy-Coat Samples From Antigenaemic But Aparasitaemic Cattle, P. A.O. Majiwa, R. Thatthi, S. K. Moloo, J. H.P. Nyeko Jan 1994

Detection Of Trypanosome Infections In The Saliva Of Tsetse Flies And Buffy-Coat Samples From Antigenaemic But Aparasitaemic Cattle, P. A.O. Majiwa, R. Thatthi, S. K. Moloo, J. H.P. Nyeko

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Relatively simple protocols employing non-radioactive DNA probes have been used for the detection of African trypano-somes in the blood of mammalian hosts and the saliva of live tsetse flies. In combination with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the protocols revealed trypanosomes in buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle and in the saliva of live, infected tsetse flies. Furthermore, the protocols were used to demonstrate concurrent natural infections of single tsetse flies with different species of African trypanosomes. © 1994, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

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Transmission Of Theileria Parva To Cattle By Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Adults Fed As Nymphae In Vitro On Infected Blood Through An Artificial Membrane, S. M. Waladde, A. S. Young, S. A. Ochieng, S. N. Mwaura, F. N. Kima Jan 1993

Transmission Of Theileria Parva To Cattle By Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Adults Fed As Nymphae In Vitro On Infected Blood Through An Artificial Membrane, S. M. Waladde, A. S. Young, S. A. Ochieng, S. N. Mwaura, F. N. Kima

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A technique is described for the efficient feeding of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphae on cattle blood through an artificial membrane bearing tactile and olfactory stimuli. The effect of four anticoagulation methods on the feeding of nymphae was compared and heparinized blood was found to be the most efficacious, followed by defibrinated blood. Blood treated with acid citrate dextrose (ACD) or ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) inhibited nymphal feeding. Nymphae fed on heparinized and defibrinated blood obtained engorgement weights within the range of ticks fed on mammalian hosts and they subsequently moulted and fed normally as adults and produced viable eggs. Nymphae fed on …

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Trypanosome Infection Rates In Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) And Cattle During Tsetse Control Operations In The Kagera River Region Of Rwanda, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Christopher S. Tarimo Jan 1992

Trypanosome Infection Rates In Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) And Cattle During Tsetse Control Operations In The Kagera River Region Of Rwanda, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Christopher S. Tarimo

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Trypanosome infections were monitored in three species of tsetse fly (Glossina pallidipes Austen, G. morsitans centralis Machado, and G. brevipalpis News-tead) at four locations in the Kagera River region of Rwanda from May 1989 to September 1990. Two of the four areas (Mpanga Ranch and Bukora Ranch) were subjected to tsetse fly suppression operations with odour-baited traps. Proboscis infections of the Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax types accounted for roughly equal numbers of the 207 mature infections detected (3.8%). Variation in infection rates was area-specific rather than tsetse species-specific. Order of magnitude differences in tsetse fly densities among areas were …

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Studies On Naturally Acquired Immunity To African Ticks. Ii. Observations On Cattle Exposed To Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Under Varying Periods Of Repeated Infestations, Olusegun O. Dipeolu, Abdul O. Mongi, Suliman Essuman, Abimboia O. Amoo, Joseph N. Ndungu Jan 1992

Studies On Naturally Acquired Immunity To African Ticks. Ii. Observations On Cattle Exposed To Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Under Varying Periods Of Repeated Infestations, Olusegun O. Dipeolu, Abdul O. Mongi, Suliman Essuman, Abimboia O. Amoo, Joseph N. Ndungu

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Groups of Friesian cattle were infested repetedly with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus at weekly intervals (eight infestations) and at intervals of 3 weeks (seven infestations) and 6 weeks (seven infestations). The engorgement weight of adults, nymphs and larvae decreased significantly initially, from the second infestation, but rose significantly at later infestations. This rise was more dramatic with larval instars than with any other. A new method for quantifying the resistance status of animals was introduced; this method showed that the resistance acquired by cattle during 6-weekly reinfestations was more stable than that acquired by cattle during weekly and 3-weekly reinfestations. The criteria …

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Field Evaluation Of Tilapia Zilli (Gervais) As A Biological Control Agent For Mosquito Control, E. J. Asimeng, M. J. Mutinga Jan 1992

Field Evaluation Of Tilapia Zilli (Gervais) As A Biological Control Agent For Mosquito Control, E. J. Asimeng, M. J. Mutinga

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Tilapia zilli (Gervais), a larvivorous fish identified in the Mwea Rice Irrigation System (Kenya), was evaluated in the field to assess its potential for biological control of mosquito larvae. The study was conducted from October 1991 to April 1992 in experimental ponds constructed at Mbui-Njeru, which is one of the 36 villages in the irrigation scheme. T. zilli was found to be extremely effective in controlling mosquito breeding that persisted throughout the study period. However, the presence of vegetation and turbidity significantly reduced its efficiency in predation. The negative effects of vegetation could be averted by combining T. zilli with …

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Influence Of Exposure Period And Management Methods On The Effectiveness Of Chickens As Predators Of Ticks Infesting Cattle, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, D. M. Munyinyi Jan 1992

Influence Of Exposure Period And Management Methods On The Effectiveness Of Chickens As Predators Of Ticks Infesting Cattle, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, D. M. Munyinyi

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Experiments undertaken on Rusinga Island, Kenya, indicated that Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Neumann) was the predominant tick consumed on tick-infested cattle by chickens, followed by Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), Boophilus decoloratus (Koch) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (Neumann). The number of ticks consumed by chickens released with cattle in a 3 h release period was not significantly different from ticks consumed in a 4 h release period. In a free management system, chickens 1-3 months of age consumed more ticks than older ones; in a confined management system however, chickens 4-6 months of age consumed more ticks than younger birds. Although the numbers of …

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Immunization Of Cattle With A Semi-Purified Fraction Of Solubilized Membrane-Bound Antigens Extracted From The Midgut Of The Tick Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus, Suliman Essuman, Olusegun O. Dipeolu, Thomas R. Odhiambo Nov 1991

Immunization Of Cattle With A Semi-Purified Fraction Of Solubilized Membrane-Bound Antigens Extracted From The Midgut Of The Tick Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus, Suliman Essuman, Olusegun O. Dipeolu, Thomas R. Odhiambo

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Boran cattle were immunized with a semi-purified fraction (F2) of solubilized membrane-bound antigens extracted from the midgut of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. A subsequent challenge with all stages of R. appendiculatus showed protection of the cattle to a significant degree. There was a decrease in engorgement weight of ticks, the number which fed above critical engorgement weight was considerably reduced, and about 38% of the larvae which fed to repletion did not moult. The major cause of death of adult female ticks was the increased grooming by cattle as a result of increased dermal irritation. © 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers …

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Towards The Selection Of Cattle For Tick Resistance In Africa, J. J. De Castro, P. B. Capstick, S. Nokoe, H. Kiara, F. Rinkanya, R. Slade, O. Okello, L. Bennun Oct 1991

Towards The Selection Of Cattle For Tick Resistance In Africa, J. J. De Castro, P. B. Capstick, S. Nokoe, H. Kiara, F. Rinkanya, R. Slade, O. Okello, L. Bennun

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Half-body tick collections and visual assessment of tick burdens were performed monthly over six months on 100 bulls at the Kenya National Boran Stud, Mutara Ranch, Kenya. Boophilus decoloratus predominated among several tick species infesting the animals. Burdens of B. decoloratus and total tick burdens were highly correlated. Rankings of relative tick resistance among bulls were consistent from month to month. Rankings based on visual assessment were very close to those based on actual tick burdens. Animals with thin skins appeared to carry fewer ticks, but tick burden bore no relationship to coat colour. The results suggest that simple visual …

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Infection Rates In Glossina Morsitans Morsitans Fed On Waterbuck And Boran Cattle Infected With Trypanosoma Congolense, Steve Mihok, Reardon O. Olubayo, David F. Wesonga Jan 1991

Infection Rates In Glossina Morsitans Morsitans Fed On Waterbuck And Boran Cattle Infected With Trypanosoma Congolense, Steve Mihok, Reardon O. Olubayo, David F. Wesonga

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Teneral Glossina morsitans morsitans were fed on waterbuck (Kobus defassa) and Boran cattle (Bos indicus) infected experimentally with Trypanosoma congolense clone IL2895. Infection rates in tsetse varied from 9 to 31% when fed on cattle, and from 2 to 59% when fed on waterbuck. In waterbuck, infections were often detected through the development of parasites in tsetse at times when parasitaemia could not be detected through microscopic examination of blood. Male and female, and 1- and 2-day-old flies were equally susceptible to infection on both hosts. Infection in tsetse was associated with a 14% absolute reduction in survival during the …

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Structural Studies On The Major Milk Gland Protein Of The Tsetse Fly, Glossina Morsitans Morsitans, Ellie O. Osir, Michael Kotengo, Mohammed F.B. Chaudhury, Leonard H. Otieno Jan 1991

Structural Studies On The Major Milk Gland Protein Of The Tsetse Fly, Glossina Morsitans Morsitans, Ellie O. Osir, Michael Kotengo, Mohammed F.B. Chaudhury, Leonard H. Otieno

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1. 1. The major protein in the milk gland secretions of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, was isolated by a combination of gel permeation chromatography and crystallization. 2. 2. It has a native Mr ∼47,000 and is composed of two identical polypeptide chains (Mr ∼21,000) as determined by chemical cross-linking studies. The protein has no covalently-bound carbohydrates or lipids. Amino acid analysis of the protein revealed relatively high amounts of the aromatic amino acids, tyrosine (9.1 mol.%) and phenylalanine (8.5 mol.%). Immunoblotting experiments using antiserum against the protein revealed no cross-reactivity with any other milk proteins. 3. 3. Quantitation …

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Predation On Livestock Ticks By Chickens, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, A. O. Amoo, T. R. Odhiambo Jan 1991

Predation On Livestock Ticks By Chickens, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, A. O. Amoo, T. R. Odhiambo

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Chickens were shown to be natural predators of ticks. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were recovered in large numbers from the crops and gizzards of chickens which had scavenged for 30 min-1 h among tick-infested cattle. Other ticks recovered were Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus decoloratus. The numbers of ticks recovered ranged from 3 to 331, with an average of 81 per chicken. Cattle facilitated the predation of ticks by certain behavioural actions. Chickens also picked up both engorged and unengorged ticks seeded on vegetation, but unengorged ticks were preferred. The possibility of tick predation by chickens forming a viable biological control component in …

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Leishmaniasis In A Domestic Goat In Kenya, A. Olufemi Williams, J. Mutinga, M. Rodgers Jan 1991

Leishmaniasis In A Domestic Goat In Kenya, A. Olufemi Williams, J. Mutinga, M. Rodgers

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The pathological and electron-microscopic features of the first case of autochthonous leishmaniasis affecting a domestic goat in Kenya are described. They are similar to what have been described in man and other animals. Using a short amino-acid sequence common to all the species of leishmania as primers for kDNA synthesis, the intervening sequence of 120 bases was amplified in the goat's tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The leishmania kinetoplast DNA sequence was detected in all the different infected tissues of the goat examined. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay are discussed. The result of the assay used was …

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Histopathology Of Attachment Sites Of Amblyomma Variegatum And Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus On Zebu Cattle Of Varying Resistance To Ticks, A. A. Latif, D. K. Punyua, P. B. Capstick, S. Nokoe, A. R. Walker, J. D. Fletcher Jan 1991

Histopathology Of Attachment Sites Of Amblyomma Variegatum And Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus On Zebu Cattle Of Varying Resistance To Ticks, A. A. Latif, D. K. Punyua, P. B. Capstick, S. Nokoe, A. R. Walker, J. D. Fletcher

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Mature, unimproved East African Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) naturally exposed to ticks from birth were ranked for resistance to ticks by repeated whole-body counts of infesting ticks. Four cattle of high resistance, four of low resistance and two of intermediate resistance were artificially infested with nymphs of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Two Friesian cattle (Bos taurus) with less exposure to ticks were similarly infested. Biopsies of tick attachment sites were examined histologically. All attachment sites showed acute inflammatory lesions, and sites of both tick species on high resistance cattle showed delayed hypersensitive reactions with intra-epidermal pustulation and significant increases …

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Pathogenicity Of Tsetse-Transmitted Trypanosoma Congolense For Waterbuck (Kobus Defassa) And Boran Cattle (Bos Indicus), R. O. Olubayo, S. Mihok, D. F. Wesonga, E. R.M. Mbwabi Jan 1991

Pathogenicity Of Tsetse-Transmitted Trypanosoma Congolense For Waterbuck (Kobus Defassa) And Boran Cattle (Bos Indicus), R. O. Olubayo, S. Mihok, D. F. Wesonga, E. R.M. Mbwabi

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Five waterbuck (Kobus defassa) and four Boran cattle (Bos indicus) were infected with Trypanosoma congolense IL2895 using Glossina morsitans morsitans. At the same time, two waterbuck and two cattle were inoculated intravenously with bloodstream forms. With both methods of challenge, cattle had short prepatent periods followed by a continuous high parasitaemia. All cattle became severely anaemic and had to be treated with trypanocidal drugs to prevent death. In contrast, tsetse and intravenous challenge of waterbuck resulted in a long prepatent period, followed by brief, intermittent levels of low parasitaemia, and eventual selfcure. Waterbuck did not become anaemic, even during short …

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Cutaneous Responses Of Cattle To Extracts From Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Larvae, M. G. Binta, M. P. Cunningham Jan 1984

Cutaneous Responses Of Cattle To Extracts From Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Larvae, M. G. Binta, M. P. Cunningham

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A component of an extract from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larval ticks induced an immediate hypersensitivity reaction in sensitized cattle when intra-dermally inoculated. Generally, the magnitude of the cutaneous reaction depended upon the duration of exposure of the cattle to tick infestation. The skin reaction was absent in steers not previously fed on by ticks. Field trials, using the extract in the Narok District of Kenya (Masailand), showed that the skin swelling thus induced was biggest in adult cattle and those over 9 months, moderate in the 6-month age-group and barely palpable in the less-than-1-month age-group. © 1984.

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