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Articles 481 - 510 of 6113

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Application Of New Molecular Tools To Assess Virus Viability In Production Animals, Declan C. Schroeder Sep 2023

Application Of New Molecular Tools To Assess Virus Viability In Production Animals, Declan C. Schroeder

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Persistent viral infections routinely impose an inconvenient, always costly but thankfully not all too often catastrophic outcome on our modern food system. Managing viruses is key for all concerned if our objective is to meet the ever-growing demand to high-value animal protein. Whether it’s the impact influenza A virus (IAV) has on the avian or swine industries, Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) on the swine or Deformed wing virus (DWV) on honey bees in both the honey and pollinator sectors - the negative impact and damaging cost to the individual producer, country and global economy cannot be overstated.

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Service Dogs: A Scoping Review Of Interdisciplinary Research, K. Lynn Pierce, Nancy A. Dreschel Sep 2023

Service Dogs: A Scoping Review Of Interdisciplinary Research, K. Lynn Pierce, Nancy A. Dreschel

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Despite a long history of service dogs (SDs) being paired with human partners as a systematic intervention and increasing numbers of and roles for SDs, there remains a lack of empirical knowledge and professional guidance regarding the implementation of SDs into treatment plans for individuals with disabilities. The purpose of this scoping review was to review the peer-reviewed literature specific to SDs and their handlers, to identify successful search term strategies, and to determine in what disciplines research is being conducted. Terminology used in referring to service dogs continues to be a challenge. Through a series of preliminary searches, search …

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Antiviral Susceptibility Of Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5n1) Viruses Isolated From Birds And Mammals In The United States, 2022, Ha T. Nguyen, Anton Chesnokov, Juan De La Cruz, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Yunho Jang, Joyce Jones, Han Di, Andrei A. Ivashchenko, Mary Lea Killian, Mia K. Torchetti, Kristina Lantz, David E. Wentworth, Charles T. Davis, Alexandre V. Ivachtchenko, Larisa V. Gubareva Sep 2023

Antiviral Susceptibility Of Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5n1) Viruses Isolated From Birds And Mammals In The United States, 2022, Ha T. Nguyen, Anton Chesnokov, Juan De La Cruz, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Yunho Jang, Joyce Jones, Han Di, Andrei A. Ivashchenko, Mary Lea Killian, Mia K. Torchetti, Kristina Lantz, David E. Wentworth, Charles T. Davis, Alexandre V. Ivachtchenko, Larisa V. Gubareva

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses that are responsible for devastating outbreaks in birds and mammals pose a potential threat to public health. Here, we evaluated their susceptibility to influenza antivirals. Of 1,015 sequences of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses collected in the United States during 2022, eight viruses (∼0.8%) had a molecular marker of drug resistance to an FDA-approved antiviral: three adamantane-resistant (M2-V27A), four oseltamivir-resistant (NA-H275Y), and one baloxavir-resistant (PA-I38T). Additionally, 31 viruses contained mutations that may reduce susceptibility to inhibitors of neuraminidase (NA) (n = 20) or cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) (n = 11). A panel of 22 …

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Impact Of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Fresh Meal On The Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Hematology, And Intestinal Histology Of Cork Fish (Channa Striata), Boby Muslimin, Danang Yonarta, Eny Heriyati, Helmizuryani Helmizuryani, Meika Puspita Sari, Dewi Apriyanti, Rahmat Kurniawan Aug 2023

Impact Of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Fresh Meal On The Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Hematology, And Intestinal Histology Of Cork Fish (Channa Striata), Boby Muslimin, Danang Yonarta, Eny Heriyati, Helmizuryani Helmizuryani, Meika Puspita Sari, Dewi Apriyanti, Rahmat Kurniawan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an alternative ingredient for Fish Meal (FM) which is expected to reduce aquaculture operational costs and positively impact fish growth and health. The effect of BSF fresh meal on growth response, digestibility, intestinal hematology, and intestinal histology of cork fish was investigated. The BSF experiment with mixed percentages as treatments, by 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, was repeated four times. Furthermore, there were 50 individuals/m3 cork fish with an average weight of 1.6 ± 0.05 g distributed in each treatment. An increase in BSF influences a significant decrease in the Relative Growth Weight (RGW) and …

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Evaluation Of Different Stocking Densities On Fattening Performance, Slaughter, Carcass, Meat Quality Characteristics, And Fatty Acid Composition In New Zealand Rabbits, Büşra Yaranoğlu, Mustafa Hi̇lmi̇ Yaranoğlu, Sali̇ha Uysal, Adnan Adi̇l Hi̇şmi̇oğullari Aug 2023

Evaluation Of Different Stocking Densities On Fattening Performance, Slaughter, Carcass, Meat Quality Characteristics, And Fatty Acid Composition In New Zealand Rabbits, Büşra Yaranoğlu, Mustafa Hi̇lmi̇ Yaranoğlu, Sali̇ha Uysal, Adnan Adi̇l Hi̇şmi̇oğullari

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on fattening performance, slaughter, carcass, meat quality characteristics, and fatty acid composition in New Zealand rabbits raised in cage conditions and also determine the ideal housing frequency so that yields were not adversely affected. In the study, 36 New Zealand rabbits were used. After weaning, the fattening was started and rabbits were put into cages at different stocking densities as 1 rabbit/cage, 2 rabbits/cage, and 3 rabbits/ cage. The live weight of rabbits and feed consumption data were taken every week. At the end of 8 …

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Expression Of Hif-1Α, Caspase-3, P53, Hsp70, Hsp90, And Nrf2 In The Canine Spleen With Siderofibrotic Nodules: An Immunohistochemical And Immunofluorescence Perspective On Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, And Oxidative Stress, Ali Babanezhad-Gajouti, Amir Amniattalab Aug 2023

Expression Of Hif-1Α, Caspase-3, P53, Hsp70, Hsp90, And Nrf2 In The Canine Spleen With Siderofibrotic Nodules: An Immunohistochemical And Immunofluorescence Perspective On Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, And Oxidative Stress, Ali Babanezhad-Gajouti, Amir Amniattalab

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Splenic siderofibrotic nodules (SFNs) are benign tiny yellow-brownish foci found in dogs. Their pathogenesis is unclear whereas trauma and hemorrhage are assumed to be the possible causative factors. The spleen of 73 Iranian dogs of the mixed breed was examined for possible splenomegaly with SFNs. Ultrasonography, blood biochemistry, pathology, and immunohistochemistry revealed splenomegaly (n = 7), splenomegaly with SFNs (n = 6) and normal spleens (n = 60). There was no significant difference between the prevalence of splenomegaly with SFN among the examined dogs and their age or sex (p > 0.05). Ultrasonography represented a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in …

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An Evaluation Of Canine Inguinal Hernias Containing The Uterus: Clinical Experience Of Four Cases (2017-2022) And Literature Review, Fi̇rdevs Bi̇nli̇, Fati̇h Büyükbudak, İpek İnan, Volkan Ferahoğlu, Anil Gürkan Aksu, Murat Findik, Serhan Serhat Ay Aug 2023

An Evaluation Of Canine Inguinal Hernias Containing The Uterus: Clinical Experience Of Four Cases (2017-2022) And Literature Review, Fi̇rdevs Bi̇nli̇, Fati̇h Büyükbudak, İpek İnan, Volkan Ferahoğlu, Anil Gürkan Aksu, Murat Findik, Serhan Serhat Ay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study is to identify and summarize the evidence and risk factors of canine inguinal hernia containing the uterus (Inguinal Hysterocele; IH) etiology by presenting our clinical experience with a literature review. A total of 18 canine IH cases were evaluated in the study. Of these, four have not yet been published anywhere, two have been published before, and 12 were obtained through a literature review. According to the findings, 81.3% of the cases were small/medium races, 83.3% were ≥5 years old, and 72.7% were multiparous. Totally 83.3% of the cases were chronic and 72.2% of the …

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Comparison Of Bacterial Profile And Antibiotic Susceptibility Isolated From Surgical Site After Ventral Midline And Lateral Flank Approaches Of Ovariohysterectomy In Queens And Bitches, Ebru Karakaya Bi̇len, Serpi̇l Kahya Demi̇rbi̇lek, Öznur Yilmaz, Muhammet Ali̇ Karadağ, Havva Aner Aug 2023

Comparison Of Bacterial Profile And Antibiotic Susceptibility Isolated From Surgical Site After Ventral Midline And Lateral Flank Approaches Of Ovariohysterectomy In Queens And Bitches, Ebru Karakaya Bi̇len, Serpi̇l Kahya Demi̇rbi̇lek, Öznur Yilmaz, Muhammet Ali̇ Karadağ, Havva Aner

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to identify the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility from surgical site cultures in queens and bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy via ventral midline and lateral flank approaches. Healthy 22 queens and 21 bitches were assigned randomly either ventral midline or lateral flank approach for routine ovariohysterectomy. Surgical site samples were collected before the surgery and on the 1$^{st}$, 2$^{nd}$ , and 3 $^{rd}$days after the surgery for microbiological analysis. A total of 70 different strains were isolated from 50 (29%) of 172 samples. In both queens and bitches the total number of bacteria isolated from the …

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Stereological Investigation Of Medulla Oblongata Volume In Norduz Sheep, Ozan Ertaş, Gamze Çakmak Aug 2023

Stereological Investigation Of Medulla Oblongata Volume In Norduz Sheep, Ozan Ertaş, Gamze Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, it was aimed to stereologically examine the medulla oblongata volume of Norduz sheep in the Gürpınar District of Van Province. Upon receiving news from the sections in the Gürpınar region, we went to the region. A total of 12 Norduz sheep skulls, 6 females and 6 males, were received from the Norduz sheep slaughter in the region. After the brains of Norduz sheep were dissected, they were fixed as a whole in formaldehyde for 1 week. Medulla oblongatas were separated from the brain and kept in formaldehyde for 1 week. Tissues obtained by sequential random sampling from …

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Determination Of Virulence Genes And Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Of Streptococcus Agalactiae Isolated From Buffalo Milk, Nevi̇n Tuzcu, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Hadi̇mli̇, Beatri̇z Padron Aug 2023

Determination Of Virulence Genes And Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Of Streptococcus Agalactiae Isolated From Buffalo Milk, Nevi̇n Tuzcu, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Hadi̇mli̇, Beatri̇z Padron

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mastitis is a contagious disease that causes significant milk loss and serious economic damage in dairy animals. Streptococcus agalactiae causes clinical and subclinical mastitis in animals and infections in humans, especially adults, and newborns. This study aimed to confirm the identification of S. agalactiae isolates by PCR in buffalo milk; to determine the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes by multiplex PCR. The material of this study consisted of 30 (12%) S. agalactiae strains identified by phenotypic, biochemical, and PCR methods (rRNA-16S) from 250 isolates with bacterial growth from milk samples of buffaloes with mastitis. In addition, the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion …

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Effect Of Feeding Frequency On Growth, Fecundity, And Meat Quality Of Abant Trout (Salmo Abanticus Tortonese, 1954) Broodstock, Mehmet Zeki̇ Alkan, Nadi̇r Başçinar Aug 2023

Effect Of Feeding Frequency On Growth, Fecundity, And Meat Quality Of Abant Trout (Salmo Abanticus Tortonese, 1954) Broodstock, Mehmet Zeki̇ Alkan, Nadi̇r Başçinar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to investigate the growth data, egg production and changes in the biochemical structure of meat of Abant trout depending on feeding frequency (once a day, twice a day, three times a day, four times a day) in order to contribute to the economy through the private sector. All fish in the groups were planned to be of similar weight at the beginning of the study. Individual fish weights were measured at the beginning of the study, and the average was found to be 224.87 ± 0.69 g. At the end of the study, the weights …

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In Vitro Antimicrobial And Antibiofilm-Forming Activities Of Origanum Munzurense Plant Extract On Some Foodborne Gram-Negative Bacteria, Hali̇l Yalçin, Esra Zeybek, Oktay Özkan, Asim Kart Aug 2023

In Vitro Antimicrobial And Antibiofilm-Forming Activities Of Origanum Munzurense Plant Extract On Some Foodborne Gram-Negative Bacteria, Hali̇l Yalçin, Esra Zeybek, Oktay Özkan, Asim Kart

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

lants are an important source for the discovery of antimicrobial formulations due to the many biologically active components they contain. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm forming activities of ethanolic extract of Origanum munzurense were investigated against some strains of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. To investigate the antimicrobial activity, the minimal inhibitory concentration values against the selected bacteria and antibiofilm-forming activity were tested with the liquid microdilution method and microplate method, respectively. MICs of Origanum munzurense extract against the bacteria tested are 32 mg/mL for Escherichia coli O157: H7 ATCC 35150, 32 mg/mL for Escherichia coli O157: H7 ATCC …

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The First Data Of A Newly Recorded Native Goat Genotype Called Manavlı In Türkiye: Growth Traits Of Kids, Aykut Asim Akbaş, Mustafa Saatci, Özkan Elmaz, Can Meti̇n Yazici Aug 2023

The First Data Of A Newly Recorded Native Goat Genotype Called Manavlı In Türkiye: Growth Traits Of Kids, Aykut Asim Akbaş, Mustafa Saatci, Özkan Elmaz, Can Meti̇n Yazici

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to define growth traits of kids named Manavlı goat from six flocks under the breeder?s conditions in Denizli Province. The average birth weights of the kids were 3.63 kg, 4.28 kg, 3.85 kg, 4.11 kg, 3.83 kg, and 3.64 kg for the six flocks, respectively. The average live weights of male and female kids on 60th, 90th, and 150th day of age were 16.50 kg, 22.35 kg, and 34.82 kg and 15.33 kg, 20.14 kg, and 32.06 kg, respectively (p < 0.05). While the average live weights of single kids on 60th, 90th were 16.70 kg and 21.96 kg, the values for twins were 15.13 kg and 21.03 kg, respectively (p < 0.05). Body measurements of male kids such as height at withers, rump height, rump width, body length, heart girth, head length, ear length, tail length, and front and back wrist girth were measured as 70.26 cm, 70.21 cm, 16.23 cm, 66.80 cm, 70.11 cm, 19.51 cm, 22.16 cm, 18.59 cm, 11.85 cm, and 11.57 cm, respectively, on the 150th day of age. This study is the first research related to growth traits of Manavlı kids, for which no features have been reported to date. It was thought that the results obtained will help to characterise the Manavlı goat and will provide a database for the following studies.

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The Devil You Know And The Devil You Don’T: Current Status And Challenges Of Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication In The United States, Daniel J. O'Brien, Tyler C. Thacker, Liliana C.M. Salvador, Anthony G. Duffiney, Suelee Robbe‑Austerman, Mark S. Camacho, Jason E. Lombard, Mitchell V. Palmer Aug 2023

The Devil You Know And The Devil You Don’T: Current Status And Challenges Of Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication In The United States, Daniel J. O'Brien, Tyler C. Thacker, Liliana C.M. Salvador, Anthony G. Duffiney, Suelee Robbe‑Austerman, Mark S. Camacho, Jason E. Lombard, Mitchell V. Palmer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Having entered into its second century, the eradication program for bovine tuberculosis (bTB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in the United States of America occupies a position both enviable and daunting. Excepting four counties in Michigan comprising only 6109 km2 (0.06% of US land area) classified as Modified Accredited, as of April 2022 the entire country was considered Accredited Free of bTB by the US Department of Agriculture for cattle and bison. On the surface, the now well-described circumstances of endemic bTB in Michigan, where white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serve as a free-ranging wildlife maintenance host, may appear to be …

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Evaluation Of The Virulence Potential Of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broiler Breeders With Colibacillosis In Mississippi, Jiddu Joseph Aug 2023

Evaluation Of The Virulence Potential Of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broiler Breeders With Colibacillosis In Mississippi, Jiddu Joseph

Theses and Dissertations

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a bacterium that is responsible for colibacillosis in birds. However, information about broiler breeder APEC isolates is limited, but the data is critical due to the transfer of this bacteria down the production pyramid to progenies resulting in high mortality. Therefore, we evaluated the phenotypic virulence characteristics of 28 isolates using embryo lethality and day-old chick challenge assays. Also, the in vitro adhesion and invasion potential of selected nine isolates were identified. Results showed more than 1/3rd of the isolates were highly virulent and the virulence increased as the number of virulence-associated genes …

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Nutritional Strategies To Reduce Salmonella Enteritidis Infections In Laying Hens: Prebiotic, Probiotic, And Precision Biotics, Ishab Poudel Aug 2023

Nutritional Strategies To Reduce Salmonella Enteritidis Infections In Laying Hens: Prebiotic, Probiotic, And Precision Biotics, Ishab Poudel

Theses and Dissertations

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections in laying hens is a significant cause of foodborne illness linked to the consumption of contaminated eggs. This dissertation encompasses novel strategies aimed to explore appropriate in-vitro and in-vivo models to evaluate the effects of these novel strategies to reduce SE in laying hens. Firstly, we investigated the potential probiotics, prebiotics, and essential oil combinations to reduce SE in-vitro. The results showed that probiotics and prebiotics are equally effective to reduce SE. In subsequent studies, we evaluated the role of vaccination history on cecal microbiota and SE infections with various doses of oral SE challenge. …

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A Survey Analysis Of Southeastern U.S. Dairy Producers’ Emotional States And Their Subjective Pain Perception Of Dairy Cows, Michelle M. Schuh Aug 2023

A Survey Analysis Of Southeastern U.S. Dairy Producers’ Emotional States And Their Subjective Pain Perception Of Dairy Cows, Michelle M. Schuh

Theses and Dissertations

Dairy producers play a central role in evaluating and seeking treatment or care for animal pain. The primary aim of this study is to examine dairy producers’ emotional states and professional quality of life and analyze the relationship between these variables and their perception of pain in dairy cattle. Dairy farm owners and managers of 65 southeastern U.S. herds participated in a survey that included demographic information, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, a modified Professional Quality of Life Scale, and 23 items requiring participants to evaluate various painful conditions in cattle.

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Evaluation Of Bone And Muscle Quality In Laying Hens Using Quantitative, Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, Biomechanical, And Tissue Level Measures, Cerano Harrison Aug 2023

Evaluation Of Bone And Muscle Quality In Laying Hens Using Quantitative, Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, Biomechanical, And Tissue Level Measures, Cerano Harrison

All Dissertations

Bone quality is an important measure of welfare in laying hens for researchers, veterinarians, and commercial producers who bear the responsibility of providing them with care. Breeding practices that have resulted in high egg productivity of laying hen strains have resulted in an increased susceptibility to developing osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a decrease in mineralized bone, is accompanied by increased bone fragility that can lead to potentially painful bone fractures that can inhibit some aspects of the birds natural living, respiration and flight being two examples. Current methods of examining laying hen bone quality involve the implementation of diagnostic imaging and biomechanical …

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Leveraging Eco-Evolutionary Models For Gene Drive Risk Assessment, Matthew A. Combs, Andrew J. Golnar, Justin M. Overcash, Alun L. Lloyd, Keith R. Hayes, David A. O'Brochta, Kim M. Pepin Aug 2023

Leveraging Eco-Evolutionary Models For Gene Drive Risk Assessment, Matthew A. Combs, Andrew J. Golnar, Justin M. Overcash, Alun L. Lloyd, Keith R. Hayes, David A. O'Brochta, Kim M. Pepin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Engineered gene drives create potential for both widespread benefits and irreversible harms to ecosystems. CRISPR-based systems of allelic conversion have rapidly accelerated gene drive research across diverse taxa, putting field trials and their necessary risk assessments on the horizon. Dynamic processbased models provide flexible quantitative platforms to predict gene drive outcomes in the context of system-specific ecological and evolutionary features. Here, we synthesize gene drive dynamic modeling studies to highlight research trends, knowledge gaps, and emergent principles, organized around their genetic, demographic, spatial, environmental, and implementation features. We identify the phenomena that most significantly influence model predictions, discuss limitations of …

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Assessing The Effects Of A Mixed Eimeria Spp. Challenge On Performance, Intestinal Integrity, And The Gut Microbiome Of Broiler Chickens, Danielle Graham, Victor Petrone-Garcia, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Makenly E. Coles, Marco A. Juarez-Estrada, Juan D. Latorre, Jianmin Chai, Stephanie Shouse, Jiangchao Zhao, Aaron Forga, Roberto Señas-Cuesta, Lauren Laverty, Kristen Martin, Carolina Trujillo-Peralta, Ileana Loeza, Latasha Gray, Billy M. Hargis, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Aug 2023

Assessing The Effects Of A Mixed Eimeria Spp. Challenge On Performance, Intestinal Integrity, And The Gut Microbiome Of Broiler Chickens, Danielle Graham, Victor Petrone-Garcia, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Makenly E. Coles, Marco A. Juarez-Estrada, Juan D. Latorre, Jianmin Chai, Stephanie Shouse, Jiangchao Zhao, Aaron Forga, Roberto Señas-Cuesta, Lauren Laverty, Kristen Martin, Carolina Trujillo-Peralta, Ileana Loeza, Latasha Gray, Billy M. Hargis, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

A mixed Eimeria spp. challenge model was designed to assess the effects of challenge on broiler chicken performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome for future use to evaluate alternative strategies for controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. The experimental design involved broiler chickens divided into two groups: a control group (uninfected) and a positive control group, infected with Eimeria acervulina (EA), Eimeria maxima (EM), and Eimeria tenella (ET). At day-of-hatch, 240 off-sex male broiler chicks were randomized and allocated to one of two treatment groups. The treatment groups included: (1) Non-challenged (NC, n = 5 replicate pens); and (2) challenged …

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Evaluating Vaccine Management Strategies For Edwardsiella Ictaluri Infections In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Brandy Malbrough Jul 2023

Evaluating Vaccine Management Strategies For Edwardsiella Ictaluri Infections In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Brandy Malbrough

LSU Master's Theses

Aquaculture is a globally important industry that faces significant challenges due to infectious diseases, which can result in substantial financial losses. In 2011, a new strain of Edwardsiella ictaluri emerged as a major pathogen affecting zebrafish in the ornamental fish industry, leading to high mortality rates and posing a severe threat to the sector. Vaccines provide potential benefits for disease prevention in aquaculture, particularly live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs), which induce strong host immune responses. Bacterial attenuation for vaccine development has evolved from serial passage to more targeted genetic modification techniques. However, regulatory constraints limit the availability of licensed LAVs for aquaculture. …

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Genomic Analysis Of Clostridioides Difficile Recovered From Horses In Western Australia, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Daniel R. Knight, Mieghan Bruce, David Byrne, Thomas V. Riley Jul 2023

Genomic Analysis Of Clostridioides Difficile Recovered From Horses In Western Australia, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Daniel R. Knight, Mieghan Bruce, David Byrne, Thomas V. Riley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Clostridioides difficile poses an ongoing threat as a cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. Traditionally considered a human healthcare-related disease, increases in community-associated C. difficile infection (CDI) and growing evidence of inter-species transmission suggest a wider perspective is required for CDI control. In horses, C. difficile is a major cause of diarrhoea and life-threatening colitis. This study aimed to better understand the epidemiology of CDI in Australian horses and provide insights into the relationships between horse, human and environmental strains. A total of 752 faecal samples from 387 Western Australian horses were collected. C. difficile was isolated from …

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Growing South Dakota (Summer 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences Jul 2023

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

3 SDSU Little International Celebrates 100 years of Tradition
7 2023 CAFES Celebration of Faculty Excellence
11 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Locations and Research Initiatives
15 Every Acre Counts
16 Undergraduate Research
19 Tanner Sloan: South Dakota State Wrestler & Animal Science Student Takes Home NCAA Division I & U23 World Silver Medals
21 2023 CAFES Outstanding Seniors
23 Robert Streeter: International Advocate for Wildlife Conservation
25 Collegiate Cattlemen's Club
27 Jim and Melody Mielke: Lifelong Donors Contribute to Agriculture in More Ways than One
29 Jackrabbits Now and Then

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Preliminary Evidence Of Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure In American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) In The Western United States, Evan R. Buechley, Dave Oleyar, Jesse L. Watson, Jennifer Bridgeman, Steven Volker, David A. Goldade, Catherine E. Swift, Barnett A. Rattner Jun 2023

Preliminary Evidence Of Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure In American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) In The Western United States, Evan R. Buechley, Dave Oleyar, Jesse L. Watson, Jennifer Bridgeman, Steven Volker, David A. Goldade, Catherine E. Swift, Barnett A. Rattner

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Although there is extensive evidence of declines in the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) population across North America, the cause of such declines remains a mystery. One hypothesized driver of decline is anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure, which could potentially cause mortality or reduced fitness. We investigated AR exposure in wild American Kestrels in Utah, USA. We collected and tested for AR residues in liver samples (n = 8) from kestrels opportunistically encountered dead and in blood samples (n = 71) from live wild kestrels, both nestlings and adults. We found high detection rates in both tissues. Adult …

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Limits To Sentience, Donald M. Broom Jun 2023

Limits To Sentience, Donald M. Broom

Animal Sentience

There are many parallels between cellular function in animals and plants. Plants can have complex interactions with their environments. But they lack a central nervous system, which is a prerequisite for sentience (the capacity to feel). In my view the suggestion that plants are sentient is not only empirically incorrect but potentially harmful to the efforts to protect the welfare of sentient beings.

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Effect Of Use Of Tsetse Repellant Collar Technology On The Farm Performance And Household Welfare Of Small-Scale Livestock Farmers In Kenya, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Kassie Menale, Gracious M. Diiro, Michael N. Okal, Daniel K. Masiga Jun 2023

Effect Of Use Of Tsetse Repellant Collar Technology On The Farm Performance And Household Welfare Of Small-Scale Livestock Farmers In Kenya, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Kassie Menale, Gracious M. Diiro, Michael N. Okal, Daniel K. Masiga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Tsetse-transmitted Animal African Trypanosomosis (AAT) is a disease of economic importance to livestock development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is widely managed using trypanocides that are expensive for smallholders and associated with health risks due to drug residues in animal products and drug resistance. Developed recently by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) and partners, the novel Tsetse repellent collar technology (TRCT) provides an effective alternative control measure that targets the tsetse fly vector of AAT. This study assessed the impact of TRCT on household welfare and food security by using ex-post non-experimental data obtained from 632 …

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Ethical Issues And Standards Of Responsible Research Conduct And Monitoring In An Adventist Institution Of Higher Learning - The Babcock Experience, Kayode O. Ogunwenmo, Godswill N. Anyasor, Grace O. Tayo May 2023

Ethical Issues And Standards Of Responsible Research Conduct And Monitoring In An Adventist Institution Of Higher Learning - The Babcock Experience, Kayode O. Ogunwenmo, Godswill N. Anyasor, Grace O. Tayo

Adventist Human-Subject Researchers Association

Ethical issues and standards of responsible research conduct involving human participants are important considerations in any institution of higher learning and in particular Adventist institutions. Research conduct and ethics are reviewed and approved before they begin by the Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee (BUHREC)

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Feral Swine As Indirect Indicators Of Environmental Anthrax Contamination And Potential Mechanical Vectors Of Infectious Spores, Rachel M. Maison, Maggie R. Priore, Vienna R. Brown, Michael Bodenchuk, Bradley R. Borlee, Richard Bowen, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth May 2023

Feral Swine As Indirect Indicators Of Environmental Anthrax Contamination And Potential Mechanical Vectors Of Infectious Spores, Rachel M. Maison, Maggie R. Priore, Vienna R. Brown, Michael Bodenchuk, Bradley R. Borlee, Richard Bowen, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

U.S. government work

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Identifying Barriers To Data Use On U.S. Beef Cow-Calf Operations And Developing Solutions To Improve Cow-Calf Record-Keeping, William Isaac Jumper May 2023

Identifying Barriers To Data Use On U.S. Beef Cow-Calf Operations And Developing Solutions To Improve Cow-Calf Record-Keeping, William Isaac Jumper

Theses and Dissertations

Cattle health and production records (CHPR) are data collected by cattle producers and veterinarians in the form of measurements, observations, counts of events over time, and physiologic attributes that describe individual and group-level health and production. These data are useful to both veterinarians and cattle producers for making evidence-based decisions on cow-calf operations. Currently, there are no uniform, industry-wide methods of capturing and recording CHPR in the U.S. cow-calf industry. Although many cow-calf producers in the U.S. are thought to collect some form of CHPR, it is believed that relatively few are doing so in an electronic manner that facilitates …

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Evolution And Epidemiology Of Channel Catfish Virus (Ccv), Arun Venugopalan May 2023

Evolution And Epidemiology Of Channel Catfish Virus (Ccv), Arun Venugopalan

Theses and Dissertations

Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) is the principal viral disease in the United States catfish industry. The CCVD is caused by channel catfish virus (CCV), with mortality reaching up to 100% in fingerlings. CCV is assigned taxonomically to the family Alloherpesviridae, genus Ictalurivirus, species Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV-1). To date, virulence, immunogenicity, and genome plasticity of the CCV field isolates have not been investigated. Three genotypes of CCV (IcHV-1A, IcHV-1B, and BCAHV) were identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Virulence assessment of three representative isolates of RFLP groups suggests that IcHV-1B (pooled survival [mean ± SE]: 58.3% ± …

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