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Dairy & Food Science News, December 2024, Department Of Dairy And Food Science News

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The Bacterial Cell Wall Components Lipopolysaccharide And Peptidoglycan Initiate Divergent Local Tissue And Systemic Inflammatory Response Profiles In The Chicken Model, Kristen A. Byrne, Gisela F. Erf

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The innate immune system plays an important role in the early defense against pathogens. To better understand the chicken’s innate inflammatory responses, we concurrently examined the cellular responses at the injection site and in the blood following intradermal (i.d.) injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN) into the pulp of growing feathers (GFs). Both LPS from Gram-negative bacteria and PGN from Gram-positive bacteria are potent stimulators of innate inflammatory responses. The time-course study conducted revealed similarly elevated levels of heterophils and macrophages in injected GF-pulps during the first 24 h for both LPS and PGN. However, PGN also stimulated rapid …

In Ovo Administration Of L. Animalis, B. Licheniformis, , Or Their Combination Influences Ross 708 Broiler Chick Hatch Performance And Immuno-Physiological Parameters, C. N. Beck, K.G.S. Wamsley, C. D. Mcdaniel, A. S. Kiess

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

There is a demand for novel pathogen mitigation strategies in antibiotic-free poultry production, which has triggered the development of various probiotic application methods. One application method is the in ovo (in egg) administration of probiotics on incubation day (d) 18, where the unhatched chick consumes a probiotic before hatch and prior to being exposed to environmental pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of in ovo L. animalis, B. licheniformis, or L. animalis + B. licheniformis (10⁶ cfu/50 mL L each) administration on hatch performance (N = 21 egg flats/treatment, 30 …

Economic Evaluation Of Grazing Steers On Summer Annuals Sod-Seeded Into Warm-Season Perennial Pasture, Ivanelle Meyer, Michael P. Popp, Christine C. Nieman, James L. Mitchell, Kenneth P. Coffey

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion …

Examining Factors Of Variance In Energy Metabolism Of Dairy Cattle, Addison L. Carroll

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Variation is thought to occur in the use of dietary energy for production in dairy cattle. First, variance can be observed when new methane mitigation strategies are fed resulting in increased H₂ output potentially resulting in downstream effects on estimates of heat production via the Brouwer (1965) equation. Therefore, in chapter 3 a review was created to systematically describe the mathematics and theory behind the Brouwer equation, and rederive a heat production equation to integrate H₂ production. Results indicate heat production using the classical Brouwer equation (1965) relative to the rederived equation resulted in an overestimation of heat …

From Block To Shred: Understanding The Factors Influencing Shreddability Of Mozzarella Cheese, Gunvantsinh Rathod, Suresh Saatariya, Ram Kumar, Praveen Upreti, Prafulla Salunke, J.K. Amamcharla

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

Mozzarella cheese (MC) is widely used for pizza ap- plications, and it is generally shredded either in conver- sion plants or in pizzerias. The shreddability of MC is influenced by a variety of factors and it is critical to understand how different Mozzarella cheese types and storage conditions (temperature and age) affect this prop- erty. Three batches each of 3 types of MC (low-moisture Mozzarella (LMM), low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella (LMPS), and reduced fat Mozzarella (RFM)) representing 3 different fat levels were procured directly from a com- mercial manufacturer and stored at 2 different tempera- tures (1.67 and 4.44°C) and evaluated …

A Comparison Of Inversion Test Holding Methods For Broilers, A. Perretti, S. Weimer

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective, robust, and repeatable assessments of fear responses of poultry can lead to improvements in research techniques, the validity of test results, and ultimately bird welfare. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of 2 different holding methods on broiler fear responses during the inversion test, a standardized method of assessing fear in poultry. On D15 and D34 mixed-sex broilers (N = 80) were inverted and held either by their shanks (N = 40) or feet (N = 40) at arm's length away from the experimenter for 30 s. The frequency of wing flapping, head movement, attempts …

Differential Hepatic Expression Of Mirna In Response To Aflatoxin B1 Challenge In Domestic And Wild Turkeys, Kade Jorud, Kristelle M. Mendoza, Thomas Kono, Roger A. Coulombe, Kent M. Reed

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁) is a major foodborne mycotoxin that poses a significant economic risk to poultry due to a greater degree of susceptibility compared to other agricultural species. Domesticated turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are especially sensitive to AFB₁; however, wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris) are more resistant. A lack of functional isoforms of hepatic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), an enzyme that plays a role in the detoxification of aflatoxin, is suspected as the reason for the increased sensitivity. Previous studies comparing the gene expression of domesticated and wild turkeys exposed to AFB₁ identified …

In-Line Milk Progesterone Monitoring As A Tool For Precision Reproductive Management, Tony C. Bruinjé, Divakar J. Ambrose, Stephen J. Lebalnc

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

In-line milk progesterone (IMP4) monitoring (Herd Navigator, DeLaval) is a technology that automatically detects onset of cyclicity, estrus, and pregnancy. Sampling starts at 20 DIM and occurs on average every 2 d until pregnancy. Estrus is detected based on a decline in progesterone (P4) concentrations below a threshold, and pregnancy is assessed from 30 to 55 d after AI in cows without return to estrus. Here, we review the potential of IMP4 as a tool for reproductive management. In a series of observational studies with up to 158,961 IMP4 records from 4,353 AI events, we characterized predictors of pregnancy per …

Impact Of Bypass Fat Supplementation On Milk Production And Weight Gain In Nili Ravi Buffaloes Under Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's Geo-Climatic Conditions, Shahzeb Khan, Arsalan Khan, Asad Ullah, Abid Ullah, Amjad Ali, Safi Ullah, Imran Khan, Muhammad Yasir, Israr Ud Din, Atta Ur Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan, Jahangir Ali

Journal of Bioresource Management

This study was conducted to examine the effect of bypass fat supplementation on milk production, composition, and body weight gain in Nili Ravi Buffaloes living in the unique geo-climatic conditions of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Twenty lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes were randomly assigned to control and bypass fat supplementation groups in randomized, controlled experiment. Over the course of three months, data were collected on milk yield, milk composition, and body weight while environmental factors were considered. The bypass fat group gained significantly more weight on average than the control (p0.05). Bypass fat supplementation can substantially increase milk production, milk fat content, …

Risk Factors Of Bovine Clinical Mastitis And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Mastitis-Causing Escherichia Coli In Shandong, China, Liu Peng, Dongfang Hu, Jinjiao Zuo, Caihong Wu, Hui Lu, Zilong Cheng, Mengda Liu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The culling of dairy cattle is closely related to the economic benefits of the farm. Many reasons can lead to the culling of cows. Among these, mastitis is the main reason for the serious economic loss of the dairy industry, and also the harm to global public health. However, little is known about cow culling situations, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors of mastitis-causing Escherichia coli in Shandong, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected dairy herds to identify the reasons for cow culling, to assess the risk factors, and to isolate the major etiological agent of clinical …

Dairy Club Digest: Udderly Good Times, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

This is the 2024 Dairy Club Digest. The Diary Club Digest is published annually by the South Dakota State University Dairy Club. The Digest contains information and news about the activities and members of the SDSU Dairy Club for the academic year 2023 - 2024.

Pasture Data Reconciliation Of The South West Agricultural Zone Of Western Australia September 2024, Tafesse Estifanos, Amir Abadi Ghadim, Paul Mattingley, Kate Pritchett, Tony Della Bosca

Animal production and livestock published reports

Western Australia’s (WA) agricultural land use system features extensive pasture land vital for grazing sheep and cattle. Most pastures in the south west of Western Australia consist of annual species that grow during the cool, wet winters of the Mediterranean climate and senesce in the warm to hot, dry summers. Understanding the spatial distribution of pasture areas within the context of mixed farming is essential for developing effective land management strategies to enhance livestock production and profitability through balanced pasture supply and demand.

This report focuses on reconciling pasture area data for the south-west of Western Australia’s agricultural zone across …

Glycine, Serine, And Arginine Additions To Cobb 500 Female Broilers Fed Dietary Variations In Crude Protein, M. A. Anas, N.S.B.M. Atapattu, K. B. Nelson, S. W. Crafton, Michael T. Kidd

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study investigated the effects of supplemental Gly, Ser, and Arg on growth performance, carcass traits, footpad dermatitis, and litter ammonia emission of broilers fed low-protein diets from 18 to 42 d of age. A total 576 one-day-old female Cobb 500 broilers were divided into 6 dietary treatments: 1) control, high CP (HCP 20%), 2) medium CP (MCP 18%), 3) low CP (LCP 16%), 4) LCP + 0.20% Gly+Ser, 5) LCP + 0.20% Arg, and 6) LCP + 0.20% Gly+Ser + 0.20% Arg. Although BW gain and feed intake were not affected by treatments, reducing CP to LCP (16% CP) …

Assessment Of Novel Protein Ingredient Arthrospira Platensis And Soybean Genotype Amino Acid And Oil Selection Improvements On Broiler Performance For A 28-42 D Feeding Period, Savannah C. Wells-Crofton, Kenneth B. Nelson, Garrett J. Mullenix, Craig W. Maynard, Michael T. Kidd

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two experiments were conducted to assess the efficiency of including the novel protein ingredient Arthrospira platensis or improved soybean meal in a broiler diet. The first experiment aimed to determine the feeding value of soybean meal produced from varieties of soybeans bred for increased amino acid content (SBAA) and improved oil content (SBO) compared to a conventional soybean variety in an ANOVA design fed to Cobb 500 female broilers for 28–42 d. The SBAA and SBO soybeans contained overall higher amino acid content and lower oligosaccharide content compared to the conventional soybean variety in addition to improved oil quality. The …

Research Note: Carcass Yield And Meat Quality In High- And Low-Water Efficient Broiler Lines Exposed To Heat Stress, Sara Orlowski, Elizabeth Greene, Kentu Lassiter, Travis Tabler, Walter Bottje, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Heat stress (HS) and water scarcity are significant challenges to sustainable poultry production worldwide. It is, therefore, critical to identify effective strategies to prevent, withstand, or adapt to these challenges. After four generations of divergent selection for water efficiency, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of HS on meat quality and muscle myopathy incidences in high (HWE)- and low (LWE)-water efficient broilers. Day-old male chicks (240 chicks/line) were allotted randomly by line and body weight-matched groups to 12 controlled-environmental chambers (2 pens/chamber). At d29, birds were exposed to 2 environmental conditions …

Titration Of Dietary Histidine During A 15 To 35 D Feeding Period In Male Cobb 500 Broilers, K. B. Nelson, S. C. Wells-Crafton, M. F. Costa, B. L. Angel, S. K. Rao, G. J. Mullenix, C. W. Maynard, Michael T. Kidd

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Dietary CP reductions in broilers can result in increased FCR when 6 or 7 feed-grade amino acids are allowed to enter formulation, and a partial explanation may be a dietary limitation of His. Histidine requirement data are sparce in the current body of literature, especially beyond 3 wk post-hatch. Therefore, a His dose-response experiment (expressed as a percentage of Lys) was conducted with male Cobb 500 broilers from 15 to 35 d post-hatch. A His deficient test diet was formulated to contain a digestible His to digestible Lys (dHis:dLys) ratio of 28.0%. Graded increments of L-His were added to the …

Early 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Glycosides Supplementation: An Efficient Feeding Strategy Against Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis Lameness In Broilers Assessed By Using An Aerosol Transmission Model, Andi Asnayanti, Khawla Alharbi, Anh Dang Trieu Do, Layla Al-Mitib, Kathrin Buhler, Jan Dirk Van Der Klis, Javier Gonzalez, Michael T. Kidd, Adnan A. Alrubaye

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is a leg disorder in broilers leading to huge economic losses, food safety concerns, and animal welfare issues in the poultry industry. The active metabolite of vitamin D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, plays pivotal roles in mineral homeostasis, bone health, and immune systems which are essential for protection against BCO. Thus, we hypothesized that supplementation with a Solanum glaucophyllum-derived source of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides) would be an effective measure to control lameness. Here, we report the optimum concentration of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides …

Dietary Milk Phospholipids Increase Body Fat And Modulate Gut Permeability, Systemic Inflammation, And Lipid Metabolism In Mice, Albert Lihong Zhou, Robert E. Ward

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The study aimed at how dietary milk polar lipids affect gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and lipid metabolism during diet-induced obesity (DIO). C57BL/6J mice (n = 6x3) were fed diets with 34% fat as energy for 15 weeks: (1) modified AIN-93G diet (CO); (2) CO with milk gangliosides (GG); (3) CO with milk phospholipids (MPL). Gut permeability was assessed by FITC-dextran and sugar absorption tests. Intestinal tight junction proteins were evaluated by Western blot. Plasma cytokines were measured by immunoassay. Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Tissue lipid profiles were obtained by thin layer chromatography. Hepatic expression of genes …

The Benefits Of Dexmedetomidine For Pain Mitigation After Cautery Disbudding In Calves, Tsung-Ching Liu, Chen-Fei Chiang, Thomas Chia-Tang Ho, Jacky Peng-Wen Chan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) alone on pain mitigation following cautery disbudding in calves. A total of 21 calves were randomly divided into three groups: sham-disbudded control with placebo (S, n = 8); hot-iron disbudded after placebo (D, n = 6); hot-iron disbudded after 0.01 mg/kg of DEX (DeD, n = 7). The pain-related responses measured included serum cortisol levels, struggling scores, pain-related behaviors and other physiological values. The results indicated that the struggling scores, the cortisol concentrations from +10 to +60 min after disbudding and the area under curve of cortisol …

Transglutaminase Crosslinked Milk Protein Concentrate And Micellar Casein Concentrate: Impact On The Functionality Of Imitation Mozzarella Cheese Manufactured On A Small Scale Using A Rapid Visco Analyzer, Prafulla Salunke, Lloyd Metzger

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

In dairy-based imitation mozzarella cheese (IMC) formulations, intact casein is critical and imparts IMC with a firm and elastic, stringy, melted texture. Rennet casein (RCN) is the desired ingredient to provide intact casein in IMC and is preferred over milk protein concentrate (MPC) and micellar casein concentrate (MCC). Transglutaminase (TGase), a crosslinking enzyme, alters the physical properties of MPC or MCC and may change IMC functionality. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TGase-crosslinked MPC and MCC powders on the functionality of IMCs. The TGase treatment included TGase at 0.3 (L) and 3.0 (H) units/g of …

The Relationship Between Phosphorus Retention And Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 In Broiler Breeders, A. D. Magnuson, N. Boonsinchai, J. Caldas, J. England, C. Coon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous studies with broiler breeders indicate a P retention threshold when fed daily dietary levels of non-phytate P (NPP) exceeding 320 mg. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone secreted by osteocytes which modulates P retention and could be the biological agent which controls the P threshold in breeders. To evaluate the relationship between FGF23 and the P retention threshold, a 4 -wk study with 32 -wk -old breeders was conducted with 6 dietary treatments with daily NPP intake of 216 to 576 mg/d/h with increments of 80 mg/kg diet. The goals were 1) to …

Carcassformer: An End-To-End Transformer-Based Framework For Simultaneous Localization, Segmentation And Classification Of Poultry Carcass Defect, Minh Tran, Sang Truong, Arthur F.A. Fernandes, Michael T. Kidd, Ngan Le

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the food industry, assessing the quality of poultry carcasses during processing is a crucial step. This study proposes an effective approach for automating the assessment of carcass quality without requiring skilled labor or inspector involvement. The proposed system is based on machine learning (ML) and computer vision (CV) techniques, enabling automated defect detection and carcass quality assessment. To this end, an end -to - end framework called CarcassFormer is introduced. It is built upon a Transformer -based architecture designed to effectively extract visual representations while simulta- neously detecting, segmenting, and classifying poultry carcass defects. Our …

Effects Of Premortem Stress On Protein Expression, Steak Color, Oxidation, And Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index In The Longissimus Lumborum, Reganne K. Briggs, Jerrad F. Legako, Paul R. Broadway, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Nikole E. Ineck, Zachary K. Smith, Ranjith Ramanathan, Kara J. Thornton

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Expression And Secretion Of Sparc, Fgf-21 And Dcn In Bovine Muscle Cells: Effects Of Age And Differentiation, Katie A. Shira, Kara J. Thornton, Brenda M. Murdoch, Gabrielle M. Becker, Gwinyai E. Chibisa, Gordon K. Murdoch

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Skeletal muscle growth is an economically important trait in the cattle industry. Secreted muscle-derived proteins, referred to as myokines, have important roles in regulating the growth, metabolism, and health of skeletal muscle in human and biomedical research models. Accumulating evidence supports the importance of myokines in skeletal muscle and whole-body health, though little is known about the potential presence and functional significance of these proteins in cattle. This study evaluates and confirms that secreted proteins acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), myostatin (MSTN), and decorin (DCN) are …

Cytokine-Supplemented Maturation Medium Enhances Cytoplasmic And Nuclear Maturation In Bovine Oocytes, Renata Blocher, Ying Liu, Tayler Patrick, Irina A. Polejaeva

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Bovine in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) is an easy way to obtain oocytes for subsequent assisted reproductive techniques but is inefficient compared to in vivo maturation. Supplementation of three cytokines, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), or FLI, has increased oocyte maturation and embryo development in multiple species, but studies have not explored the oocyte differences caused by FLI IVM supplementation. This study aimed to assess important nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation events in high-quality oocytes. FLI-supplemented oocytes had a decreased GV (3.0% vs. 13.7%, p < 0.01) and increased telophase I incidence (34.6% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.05) after IVM, increased normal meiotic spindles (68.8% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001), and an increased nuclear maturation rate (75.1% vs. 66.8%, p < 0.001). Moreover, in metaphase II oocytes, the percentage of FLI-treated oocytes with a diffuse mitochondrial distribution was higher (87.7% vs. 77.5%, p < 0.05) and with a cortical mitochondrial distribution was lower (11.6% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.05). Additionally, FLI-supplemented oocytes had more pattern I cortical granules (21.3% vs. 14.4%, p < 0.05). These data suggest that FLI supplementation in bovine in vitro maturation medium coordinates nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation to produce higher-quality oocytes.

Influence Of Steroidal Implants And Zinc Sulfate Supplementation On Growth Performance, Trace Mineral Status, Circulating Metabolites, And Transcriptional Changes In Skeletal Muscle Of Feedlot Steers, Dathan T. Smerchek, Emma L. Rients, Amy M. Mclaughlin, Kara J. Thornton, Stephanie L. Hansen

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Angus-cross steers (n = 144; 362 kg ± 20.4) were used to determine the effect of Zn and steroidal implants on performance, trace mineral status, circulating metabolites, and transcriptional changes occurring in skeletal muscle. Steers (n = 6 per pen) were stratified by body weight (BW) in a 3 x 2 factorial. GrowSafe bunks recorded individual feed intake (steer as experimental unit; n = 24 per treatment). Dietary treatments (ZINC; eight pens per treatment) included supplemental Zn as ZnSO₄ at 1) 0 (analyzed 54 mg Zn/kg DM; Zn0); 2) 30 mg/kg DM ( …

The Effect Of Probiotic Supplementation On Serum Metabolite Concentrations In Young Holstein Heifers, Emily G. Meissner

Master's Theses

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on serum concentrations of selected metabolites in young calves. Holstein heifers (n = 112) from a commercial dairy were enrolled within 48 h of birth and placed into individual hutches. Calves were weaned at 60 d of age and remained in their hutches until 90 d of age, when they were moved to group housing. Calves were placed into 2 treatment groups: 1) control and 2) B. subtilis, B. lichenformis, L. animalis, and P. freudenreichii probiotic (Bovamine Dairy Plus, Chr. Hansen, Milwaukee, WI). Control calves received …

Applied Research Note: Microbial Composition Of The Biofilm Of Poultry Drinking Water System, T. T. Ogundipe, S. Beitia, T. Obe

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ensuring good water quality is one of the key management strategies to promote optimal broiler health and performance. A few studies have assessed the microbial status of drinking water for poultry, but there is insufficient information on biofilm in the drinking water lines within the poultry housing facilities. The buildup of microbes in the drinking water system could potentially result in biofilm formation which eventually deteriorates water quality. Hence, in this preliminary study, we sought to evaluate biofilm formation in the drinking water lines of selected broiler houses and characterize their microbial composition. Three random houses in each of 5 …

Applied Research Note: Microbial Composition Of The Biofilm Of Poultry Drinking Water System, T. T. Ogundipe, S. Beitia, T. Obe

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ensuring good water quality is one of the key management strategies to promote optimal broiler health and performance. A few studies have assessed the microbial status of drinking water for poultry, but there is insufficient information on biofilm in the drinking water lines within the poultry housing facilities. The buildup of microbes in the drinking water system could potentially result in biofilm formation which eventually deteriorates water quality. Hence, in this preliminary study, we sought to evaluate biofilm formation in the drinking water lines of selected broiler houses and characterize their microbial composition. Three random houses in each of 5 …