Animal Sciences Commons^™

An Empirical Model Of Gastric Evacuation Rates For Fish And An Analysis Of Digestion In Piscivorous Brown Trout, E. He, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The gastric evacuation rates of brown trout Salmo trutta (0.9–1.6 kg) feeding on fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (3.5–7.6 g) were measured in the laboratory at five temperatures (4.5, 9.0, 14.0, 19.0, and 22.5°C). Instantaneous gut evacuation rates (Re) increased exponentially with temperature (T): Re = 0.053se^0.073T, r^2 = 0.98; they varyied from 7%sh^–1 at 4.5°C to 29%sh^–1 at 22.5°C. Linear regressions described the relationship between time and qualitative measures of fish digestion, thus allowing investigators to determine how long an ingested fish would be identifiable at different temperatures. An analysis of published evacuation rates (N = 121) of 22 …

Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat And Limnological Research, David Teuscher, Doug Taki, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Historically, thousands of Snake River Sockeye salmon returned to the Sawtooth Valley to spawn. Evermann (1896) reported that the Sawtooth Valley Lakes were teeming with red fish. Bjornn (196~) estimated that 4,360 sockeye returned to Redfish Lake in 1955. These numbers no longer exist. In the 1980's, less than 50 Snake River sockeye salmon survived to spawn (Bowler 1990). Since 19-90, only 13 sockeye have returned. Because of recent declines, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (SBT) petitioned the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS-) to list Snake River sockeye as endangered. As a result, Snake River sockeye were listed and the Bonneville Power …

An Investigation Of Trace Element Contamination At Bamforth National Wildlife Refuge, Kimberly Dickerson, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Bamforth National Wildlife Refuge (Bamforth) located in southeast
Wyoming serves as an important resting area for several species of migratory
waterbirds. Surveys were conducted in the summer months of 1992 to
determine bird use at Bamforth. Sediment, water, and biota were collected
from Bamforth to identify wetlands with potential contaminant problems that
may be affecting migratory waterbirds. Mercury and lead in water samples
were above criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Selenium levels in
vegetation and sediment were elevated above concentrations documented to
bioaccumulate and cause adverse reproductive effects in waterfowl. Selenium
levels in waterbird eggs were slightly greater …

Scaled Chrysophytes From The Lake Itasca Region. Iii: Additions To The Flora, Huan M. Ngo, Daniel E. Wujek

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Eighteen localities within Itasca State Park, Minnesota, were sampled in 1987 and examined for silica-scaled chrysophytes. Sixteen species from six genera, including seven new reports for Minnesota, were observed. Brief comments on distribution are given for several species. Recent taxonomic revisions for a number of previously reported species from the Lake Itasca region are also discussed.

The Role Played By Semisubmersible Exploratory Drilling Platforms As A Vector In Marine Biological Introductions, Sean S. Bercaw

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Through discussion of Semisubmersible Exploratory Drilling Platforms and their role as vectors in marine biological introductions, this paper establishes a base of knowledge for future referral. Included in this project are details of semisubmersibles, their unique characteristics and operations, historical movements, past introductions, future operations, and continuing potential for invasions. The significance of semisubmersibles as biological vectors is further addressed. Three criteria will be used to assess the significance of the role of semisubmersibles in the introduction of alien species: first, what is the rate of SEDP movements over time; second, how are SEDP movements unique, and what role does …

Linking Management And Markets: The Northwest Atlantic Sea Herring Industry And The Case For "Regional" Quotas, Peter Jessup Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This review and characterization of the U.S. Atlantic sea herring fishery and industry analyzes opportunities for and constraints to developing the herring resource more fully. Chapter 1 describes the herring resource, the existing fishery, and reviews current research into the international transboundary migrations of the Atlantic sea herring. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the development of the herring fishery management plan in the context of the global herring market and the management complications that arise from the transboundary migrations of the stocks. Examples of successful linkages between fisheries management and market development are described in Chapter 4 to illustrate the …

Conflicts In Use: The Impacts Of The Oil And Gas Industry On The Herring Fishery In The North Sea, Cornelia Ann Pasche

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The interaction of the herring (Clupea harengus) with the oil and gas industry in the North Sea is reviewed. The population crash of the herring in the early 1970's and the subsequent closing of that important fishery between 1977 and 1983 has drawn considerable attention to the influences, both biotic and abiotic, affecting the recruitment to the North Sea stock. Current accepted theory points to a change in oceanic current and the subsequent decrease in salinity in the North Sea region, resulting in a change in plankton availability for larval herring as the cause of the recruitment failure during the …

Environmental Effects On The Growth And Development Of Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Larvae: A Modeling Study, Margaret M. Dekshenieks, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell

CCPO Publications

The effects of temperature, food concentration, salinity and turbidity on the growth and development of Crassostrea virginica larvae were investigated with a time-dependent mathematical model. Formulations used in the model for larval growth are based upon laboratory data. Simulations were done using temperature conditions characteristic of Laguna Madre, Galveston Bay, Apalachicola Bay, North Inlet and Chesapeake Bay. These simulations show that the duration of the planktonic larval phase, which is determined by larval growth rate, decreases at lower latitudes in response to warmer water temperatures. Also, oysters in the more southern locations have a longer spawning season during which the …

Spatial And Temporal Occurrence Of Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus Maculatus In Chesapeake Bay, Mark E. Chittenden Jr., Luiz R. Barbieri, Cynthia M. Jones

OES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Age, Growth, And Reproduction Of Tautog Tautoga Onitis (Labridae: Perciformes) From Coastal Waters Of Virginia, E. Brian Hostetter, Thomas A. Munroe

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Tautog Tautoga onitis are gaining popularity in Virginia's coastal waters as a recreational and food fish. Adult tautog are seasonally abundant on inshore hard-bottom habitats (1-10 m) and inhabit offshore areas (10-75 m) year-round. Juveniles, especially newly-settled recruits, inhabit vegetated areas in shallow water (usually < 1 m). From March 1979 to July 1986, tautog were collected in lower Chesapeake Bay and nearby coastal waters to examine age, growth, and sexual maturation. Age estimates were determined from annular marks on opercle bones: 82% of the fish were age-10 or younger, 18% exceeded age-10, and 1% were age-20 or older. Marginal increment analysis revealed that annuli formed concurrent with a protracted spawning season (April-July). The von Bertalanffy growth equation, derived from back-calculated mean lengths-at-age, was l(t) = 742 [1-e-0.085 (t-1.816)]. Tautog are long-lived (25+ yr) and attain relatively large sizes (672 mm TL) slowly (K for sexes combined = 0.085). Growth rates of both sexes are similar, although males grow slightly faster (K = 0.090 vs. 0.085 for females). Maturity occurs at age-3 in both sexes. Growth rates for tautog from Virginia are similar to those reported nearly 25 years ago for tautog in Rhode Island. Growth rates for tautog are similar to those of other reef fishes, such as snappers and groupers. Habitat restriction, slow growth, great longevity, and increasing popularity by user groups may contribute to over-exploitation of this species in Virginia waters.

Observations On The Pearl Oyster Fishery Of Kuwait, S. M. Almatar, Kent E. Carpenter, R. Jackson, S. H. Alhazeem, A. H. Alsaffar, A. R. A. Ghaffar, C. Carpenter

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The pearl oyster fishery of Kuwait was monitored daily from January 1989 to May 1990. Landings of pearl oysters in 1989 totaled 287 tons with a market value of U.S. $1.0 million. Commercial pearls (>3 mm) were estimated to be present in one of every 4200 oysters. Most of the pearl oysters landed were new recruits with hinge lengths between 40-56 mm. There was a curvilinear relationship between total weight and size of oysters (length) and the sex ratio approached 1:1. Spawning occurs throughout the year, with a spat settlement peak in early fall. Over the size range examined …

Management Plan Kimberley Prawn Fishery., G. Stewart

Fisheries Management Papers

This report outlines a management plan for the Kimberley Prawn Fishery which operates in Western Australia coastal waters of the Indian Ocean and Timor Sea, off the Kimberley coastline lying east of Koolan Island, 1230 45' east longitude and west of Cape Londondery, 1260 58' east longitude. Kimberley Prawn Fishery access restrictions were first specified in Western Australian Fisheries Notice No. 170 published in Governement Gazette No. 2 of 4 January, 1985. Present exploitation is low and access is limited to Western Australian Fishing Boat licences endorsed with transferable access to the Kimberley Prawn Fishery (9 trawlers) Trawlers with access …

Inventory Of Rare Plant Species In The Pine Ridge Area Of Nebraska (Dawes And Sioux County, Nebraska), Michael I. Fritz, Joyce Philips Hardy, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The purpose of this project was to conduct a systematic inventory of rare plant species on the Pine Ridge District of the Nebraska National Forest. The objective of the inventory was to locate rare plant occurrences and compile information on their location, status and any possible threats. Four areas within the Pine Ridge District were identified as priority areas for the inventory fieldwork. The four tracts included the Soldier Creek Wilderness Area, a tract encompassing the East and West Ash Creek drainages, a middle unit tract, and a tract which straddles U.S. Highway 385 and encompasses a number of timber …

Southern Nevada Effluent Wetlands: A Proposed Cooperative Venture Between The Bureau Of Reclamation & City Of Las Vegas, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Throughout North America there is a growing interest in constructed wetlands, both as relatively inexpensive, low-maintenance systems for removing nutrients from wastewater, and as a means of using municipal wastewater to enhance wildlife habitat and create public use opportunities. Because wetlands appear to have good potential as a component in the overall management of scarce water resources, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) has undertaken several cooperative research and demonstration projects to evaluate their effectiveness in a variety of local environments. While a number of projects have demonstrated that wetlands can be beneficially employed to improve water quality, few such projects …

The Cockburn Sound Fishery Management Plan. Summary Of Submission And Final Recommendations For Management., A. Millington

Fisheries Management Papers

Identifiable "unit" fisheries in Cockburn Sound are: Beach bait fishing netting Fish set netting Crab netting Mussel diving Line fishing and pot fishing This report recommends measures for the longer term management of these fisheries In particular, that they be managed as limited entry fisheries under Section 32 of the Fisheries Act 1905. Strict entry criteria are proposed for continued access to these fisheries. Rules are proposed for boat replacement. Licence transferability is considered in detail. No decisions to be made on the policy for licence transfers until the final number of participants in each fishery is determined. Owner operation, …

Department Of Fisheries Annual Report 1991/92, Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia

Department of Fisheries Annual Reports

In accordance with Section 62 of the Financial Administration and Audit Act 1985, I submit for your information and presentation to Parliament the Annual Report of the Fisheries Department for the financial year.

The Annual Report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Administration and Audit Act 1985.

Section 57 of the Fisheries Act 1905 requires me to report to you as to the state of the fisheries of the State and for such report to be laid before both Houses of Parliament.

The Influence Of Redd Distribution And Microhabitat Availability On The Distribution And Abundance Of Young-Of-The-Year Trout In The Green River, Utah, Michael J. Buntjer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Redd distribution, redd density, and physical habitat were used to explain the distribution and abundance of young-of-the-year (YOY) brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Green River, Utah. The importance of variables at both a microhabitat and macrohabitat scale were assessed using stepwise regression analysis. Availability of cover (rock and vegetation) and proximity to spawning sites were the most important variables used to explain the distribution and abundance of YOY brown trout and rainbow trout. In addition, YOY brown trout and rainbow trout occupied specific microhabitats and showed patterns of use for …

Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee Report To The Minister For Fisheries April 1992, Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee

Fisheries Management Papers

The Committee recommended: For the next five seasons the principal tools of management for the rock lobster fishery should be temporary and variable reductions in pot usage, without affecting the permanent pot entitlement of any operator. The number of pots a fisherman can use at any particular time within a season will be set in accordance with a schedule showing the total permanent pot authorisation and the number of pots permitted to be used. Maximum size controls. These sizes would be 120 mm for females and 130 mm for males north of Moore River and about 125 mm for females …

Metals And Organic Compounds In Fish And Sediments From The Missouri And Lower Kansas Rivers In Kansas In 1991, George T. Allen

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

I sampled sediments and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at two locations on the Kansas River and two locations on the Missouri River adjacent to Kansas in June 1991. All samples were analyzed for metals, organochlorine compounds, and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Sediments also were analyzed for aromatic hydrocarbons.

Concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, and lead in one or more of the sampling locations are of concern.

In the common carp composites, chlordane compound concentrations were above the level at which detrimental effects might be found at Kansas City and at Bonner Springs. However, there is probably little that can be …

Environmental Contaminant Surveys In Three National Wildlife Refuges In Wyoming, Pedro Ramirez Jr., Joni Armstrong

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Environmental contaminants surveys were conducted at National Elk, Seedskadee, and Hut ton Lake National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) to provide information on existing conditions to identify potential habitat quality problems, and to determine if non-point sources of pollution may be affecting the refuges. Pondweed (Potamogeton spp.) samples from Hut ton, Rush, and Cre;ghton Lakes and Lake George at Hut ton Lake NWR and Hay Farm Pond at Seedskadee NWR had boron concentrations greater than 300 ug/g dry weight, the level suspected of causing reduced growth in mallard ducklings (Eisler 1990). The source of the boron is unknown. One pondweed sample …

Mercury In Fish Collected From The Indian Lake System Stillwater Wildlife Management Area Churchill County, Nevada, Peter Tuttle

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Elevated mercury levels have been identified in water, sediments, and biota in the Carson River drainage basin, west-central, Nevada. In some instances mercury concentrations exceeded levels considered safe for fish, wildlife, and humans. Of particular concern were game fish in the lower Carson River basin which may be consumed by humans. Many of these fish have been found to contain more than 1.0 μg/g wet weight, the action level identified as safe for human consumption by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA 1984) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1989). Concern for human health promptedthe Nevada State Division of Health …

The Influence Of Selenium On Incubation Patterns And Nesting Success Of Waterbirds At Ouray National Wildlife Refuge, Utah, Bruce H. Waddell, Mark C. Stanger

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Egg temperatures and hen attentiveness were studied from 1989-91 on nests near sites known to have high selenium concentrations in an effort to document causes for nesting failures. Temperature and light sensitive radio transmitters were used to monitor incubation patterns in American coots (Fulica americana), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), gadwalls (Anas strepera), northern shovelers, (Anas clypeata), and redheads (Aythya americana) nests. Mean temperatures of telemetered eggs placed in incubated nests ranged from 32.6°C to 37.8°C and differed only slightly from results obtained in other studies. We found no nesting failures among …

Contaminants Survey Of The Proposed Marais Des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge, George T. Allen, Tom Nash

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

We sampled sediments and fish at 16 locations at the proposed Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge in Kansas and Missouri.

All of the samples were analyzed for metals and organochlorine compounds. Selected sediment samples also were analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons.

There are no apparent serious contaminants concerns with the proposed acquisition, with the exception of two dump sites. The former municipal dump for Pleasanton, in section 26 of Township 21S, Range 25E in Kansas has not been cleaned up. Therefore, the land it is on should be excluded from acquisition. A former dump in section 6, Township 39N, Range …

Metal Concentrations In Blood From An Adult Bald Eagle Nesting At Clinton Reservoir In Kansas, George T. Allen

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Concentrations of metals in blood from an adult male bald eagle nesting at Clinton Reservoir in eastern Kansas in 1991 were analyzed by induction coupled plasma emission spectroscopy without preconcentration.

Because there are very limited data on background levels of most metals in bald eagle blood, the data herein are provided for comparison with other samples at later dates.

Few metals were detected in the sample. The only metal detected that is not physiologically well controlled was mercury. However, the mercury concentration was low compared to concentrations found in blood from bald eagles in the western United States.

Trace Element Concentrations In Flue Gas Desulfurlzation Wastewater From The Jim Bridger Power Plant, Sweetwater County, Wyoming, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The coal-fired Jim Bridger Power Plant near Rock springs, Wyoming uses soda liquor from nearby trona (soda ash) processing plants to neutralize the acidity of water used in their flue scrubbers. Analyses of this Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) liquor by Western Wyoming College Water Quality Laboratory shows high concentrations of sodium, chloride, sulfates, carbonates and bicarbonates. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had samples of the FGD wastewater analyzed for sodium, chloride, sulfates, carbonates and bicarbonates as well as trace metals. Trace metals were not present in concentrations known to pose adverse impacts to wildlife. Sodium concentrations, however, were excessively …

Trace Elements In Water, Sediments And Biota From Wetlands In The Laramie Basin And Their Relationship To The Recovery Of The Endangered Wyoming Toad (Bufo Hemiophrys Baxteri, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a monitoring study in 1989,1990
and 1991 to determine if trace elements occur at levels that may affect the Wyoming toad (Bufo hemiophrys baxteri), a federally-listed endangered species. The study will provide information to help the Wyoming Toad Recovery Team to select reintroduction sites and in habitat acquisition efforts. Biologists collected water, sediment, aquatic invertebrates, algae and emergent insects from Mortenson Lake, historically occupied areas and proposed reintroduction sites. No major problems are apparent with trace elements in water, sediment and biota from sites providing existing or potential habitat for the …

Visual Feeding By Juvenile Bear Lake Sculpin, D. Neverman, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Young-of-the-year Bear Lake sculpin Cottus extensus feed throughout the day on benthic invertebrates and cease feeding at night when they migrate to the metalimnion. We investigated their reliance on vision by conducting feeding trials at different light levels in the laboratory. Feeding rate reached a maximum at intermediate light levels (near 10^16 photons sm^–2 ss^–1; approximately 1 lux) but decreased as light intensity increased beyond this range. At this maximum rate, the fish fed nine times faster than they were able to feed in the dark, showing that young Bear Lake sculpin rely heavily upon vision to feed. The light …

Snake River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) Habitat/Limnologic Research, Scott Spaulding, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Shoshone-Bannock Tribe

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

This report outlines long-term planning and monitoring activities that occurred in 1991 and 1992 in the Stanley Basin Lakes of the upper Salmon River, Idaho for the purpose of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) recovery. Limnological monitoring and experimental sampling protocol, designed to establish a limnological baseline and to evaluate sockeye salmon production capability of the lakes, are present:ed. Also presented are recommended passage improvements for current fish passage barriers/impediments on migratory routes to the lakes. We initiated O. Nerka population evaluations for Redfish and Alturas lakes; this included population estimates of emerging kokanee fry entering each lake in the spring …

A Trophic Gradient Analysis Of Lake Powell During Spring Runnoff 1992, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Clyde Lay, Darren Carlise, Corey Huxol, Craig Schaugaard, Beau Clements, David Beauchamp

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Between 26 April and 2 May 1992, students in a utah state university aquatic ecology class visited Lake Powell to do a study of trophic gradients of the reservoir. The main axis of the reservoir was surveyed, as well as less detailed analyses of Moki and Escalante Canyons. The work was conducted in collaboration with personnel from the u.s. Bureau of Reclamation headed by Bill Vernieu, and from the u.s. Geological Survey (Dick Marzolf). Some of their data appear in the physical-chemical section of this report.

Each student was responsible for compiling a report on one of the following specific …

Lake Trout Spawning In Lake Tahoe: Egg Incubation In Deepwater Macrophyte Beds, D. A. Beauchamp, B. C. Allen, R. C. Richards, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, C. R. Goldman

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Although most populations of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush spawn over rocky shoals, use of these substrates by lake trout has not yet been found in Lake Tahoe. Large cobble substrate exists at depths less than 20 m, and steep, fractured, rocky substrate can be found in isolated areas from the surface down to at least 100 m, but no evidence of spawning activity in these areas has been found. Instead, at least a portion of the population spawns on deepwater mounds (40–60 m deep) over beds of the macrophyte Chara delicatula. This is the first known report of lake trout …