Apiculture Commons^™

Acute Toxicity Of Atrazine, Alachlor, And Chlorpyrifos Mixtures To Honey Bees, Christopher J. Fellows, Troy D. Anderson, Daniel R. Swale

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon (organophosphorothioate insecticides) was examined alone and in combination with atrazine (triazine herbicide) and alachlor (chloroacetanilide herbicide) to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Atrazine and alachlor were observed to not be acutely toxic to bees at doses up to 10 and 4 μg per bee, respectively. However, atrazine significantly increased chlorpyrifos toxicity by 3-fold while reducing chlorpyrifos-oxon toxicity by 1.8-fold. These changes in toxicity are correlated with significant 1.3- and 1.2-fold inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in bees exposed to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon, respectively. Atrazine significantly increased cytochrome P450, general esterase, and glutathione …

What Makes Mad Honey “Mad”? An Investigation Into The Obsession Of The Himalayan Wild Cliff Honey, Codi Farmer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Mad honey is a rare variety of cliff honey found in the mountainous regions of Turkey and Nepal and has been harvested by Indigenous groups for centuries. In Nepal, it is found on high-hanging cliffs that people risk their lives to face, but what makes this honey so special to cause generations of Nepalis to brave the formidable heights? Through a series of reading primary and secondary sources, watching first-hand accounts of honey hunting, and interviewing honey hunters, filmmakers, authors, and laypeople alike, I work to find the answer to the puzzling question – what makes mad honey "mad"? In …

The Relationship Between Leadership Preference Of County Level Personnel Within University Of Missouri Extension And Their Level Of Employee Engagement, Jason C. Morris

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived leadership style of the University of Missouri Extension Service county staff and their level of engagement and study the relationship between variables. Administrators with University of Missouri Extension Service can utilize this information to better serve Extension Staff and ultimately people throughout the state of Missouri.

The Vannsimpco Leadership Survey was used to measure the perceived leadership style of county level staff. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) was used to measure work engagement on three constructs: vigor, absorption, and dedication engagement. Demographic characterizes of county level staff was also …

A Comprehensive Review On Impact Of Microorganisms On Soil And Plant, Tasaddaq Younas, Muhammad Umer, Aqarab Husnain Gondal, Huma Aziz, Muhammad Shehzad Khan, Abdul Jabbar, Haroon Shahzad, Nadia Masaya Panduro-Tenazoa, Muhammad Jamil, Franklin Ore Areche

Journal of Bioresource Management

Soils have the most diversified microbial communities of any environment on the planet. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa are all found in abundance in soil. Maintaining a healthy environment for crops requires a strong link between plants and soil microorganisms that are essential for good crop development. Soil bacteria are key regulators of the nutrient cycle. Mineralization, legume nitrogen fixation, and ammonia conversion to plant-available nitrate would all be impossible without bacteria. Effective microorganisms have the ability to boost crop growth and yield. When used in conjunction with organic amendments, these bacteria performs better than to the sole application. It …

Growing Tea In Mississippi, Qianwen Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

Tea is the most popular beverage worldwide, second only to water. The United States is the third largest importer of tea in the world, importing a total of about 260 million pounds tea annually. With increased demand for locally sourced food products, questions are raised regarding whether domestic production of tea is feasible. Compared to major tea producing countries with centuries of growing history, tea production in the U.S. is limited and requires research support in many aspects of tea production. The objectives of this study were to investigate plant growth, leaf morphology, and seasonal chemical compositions in tea leaves …

A Review On Overcoming Dual Challenges For Maize Cropping Under High Plant Density: Stalk Lodging And Kernel Abortion, Alam Sher, Javed Iqbal, Wajid Nazeer, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool, Muhammad Nadeem, Sajid Faiz, Shahbaz Khan

Journal of Bioresource Management

Increased optimal plant density is necessary in ensuring future food security by increasing crop productivity. However, maintaining relatively high plant density has to overcome two challenges i.e. kernel abortion and stalk lodging. The response of maize to increased plant density and the effects of increased plant density on maize productivity were discussed in this research. Increased plant density induces increased plant height, causes low photosynthetic capacity, limits the carbohydrate supply and increases kernel abortion. Also, increased plant density incurs a high risk of stalk lodging due to increased ear height and diminished stem diameter associated with reduced vascular bundles that …

Laurentian Great Lakes Warming Threatens Northern Fruit Belt Refugia, Robert Warren

Biology Faculty Datasets

Climate refugia are anomalous ‘pockets’ of spatially or temporally disjunct environmental conditions that buffer distinct flora and fauna against prevailing climatic conditions. Physiographic landscape features, such as large water bodies, can create these micro-to-macro-scale terrestrial habitats, such as the prevailing westerly winds across the Laurentian Great Lakes that create relatively cooler leeward conditions in spring and relatively warmer leeward conditions in autumn. The leeward Great Lakes climate effects create a refugia (popularly known as a ‘fruit belt’) favorable for fruit-bearing trees and shrubs. This fruit belt refugia owes its existence to seasonal inversions whereby spring cooling prevents early flower budding …

Plant-Pollinator Interaction Networks In Remnant And Reconstructed Palouse Prairie In Eastern Wa, Usa, Emma Hoskins

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Ecological restoration is often focused on re-establishing native plant communities, without considering the larger ecological community, specifically pollinators, despite their being critical to native forb reproduction. Further, ecological restoration has the potential to mitigate global pollinator declines by rebuilding native ecosystems, providing pollinators with floral resources and nesting habitat. This is especially true for prairie restoration, which struggles to establish diverse, abundant native forb communities. The USDA Conservation Reserve Program State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (CRP SAFE) Palouse Prairie Project provides funding to convert agricultural fields into native Palouse Prairie habitat for the benefit of wildlife. Due to financial and …

Foraging Behavior Of Honeybees Exposed To Mosquito Insecticides, Samantha Marie Diel

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The main aim of this study was to quantify the effects of mosquito insecticides on honey bee (Apis mellifera), foraging behavior, explicitly assessing the impacts of adult mosquito control practices on honey bee health. The extent to which honey bees are exposed to pyrethrum, pyrethrins, permethrin, and pyrethroids is unknown, as are their effects on honey bee health and vitality. This study sought to answer this question by exposing honey bees to D-Phenothrin with the addition of Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), one of many synthetic pyrethroids widely used against adult mosquitoes to control mosquito-borne diseases. Honey bees were exposed to …

Quantifying Crop Phenology For Food Sustainability Under Climate Change: Integration Of Remote Sensing, Machine Learning, And Ecosystem Modeling, Yanjun Yang

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Climate change is projected to continue and accelerate significantly in the future if global greenhouse gas emissions are not curbed. Previous studies have shown that crop growth and production in agroecosystems are primarily determined by the weather conditions over the growing season. Crop phenology represents one of the most critical indicators in determining crop yield and adjusting the adaptation of crops to climate change. It provides essential information for monitoring and modeling crop growth dynamics and productivity. Therefore, understanding and quantifying the impacts of climate change on crop phenology and then agricultural production is crucial to formulate feasible climatic adaptation …