Agriculture Commons^™

G81-574 Reproductive Diseases In Cattle, Duane Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The reproductive diseases mentioned in this NebGuide comprise some of the more common problems confronting the cattle industry today.

Although many advances have been made in controlling reproductive diseases in cattle, serious losses are still common. These losses can be reduced by recognizing the diseases and following the proper management recommendations that are available today. Nearly 50 percent of reproductive failure in cattle is due to infectious diseases, and there are vaccines available that can prevent some of these. Management recommendations may include: 1) vaccines, 2) general sanitation, 3) artificial insemination (AI) or, if a problem is already present, 4) …

G81-581 Cross Fences For Pastures Under Center Pivot Irrigation, James T. Nichols

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses different types of fences for center pivot irrigated pastures.

Irrigated pastures produce more forage and maintain stands longer under a "graze-rest" system of use. When grazing is practiced season-long, cross fences are necessary to control 1) when and for how long grazing is permitted on a particular pasture, and 2) the degree of desired use. These controls are not possible without cross fences, and sound grazing management becomes difficult.

G80-489 Feeding The Beef Cow Herd--Part I Factors Affecting The Cow Nutrition Program, Richard J. Rasby, Ivan G. Rush

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Considerations for getting the most from your beef cow herd are covered in this NebGuide, including calving season, factors affecting nutrient requirements, cow rations and more.

Feed costs are the greatest expense in keeping a cow herd, and the nutrition program dictates reproductive performance. The ultimate goal for a cow/calf manager is to keep feed costs low, but still meet the nutrient requirements of the cow herd so reproductive performance is not impaired. Once these two factors are balanced, producers, through new genetics of added growth or milk production, can match increased weaning weight with the most economical feed resources …

G80-537 Reproductive Trace Anatomy And Physiology Of The Cow, Gene H. Deutscher

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Knowledge of basic reproduction will help a producer to obtain higher conception rates when using estrous synchronization and/or artificial insemination. The reproductive performance of a cow herd has a great influence on the income and profit realized. A good understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the cow's reproductive system is, therefore, beneficial for successful management. Knowledge of basic reproduction will help a producer to obtain higher conception rates when using estrous synchronization and/or artificial insemination. It will also allow for a better understanding of pregnancy examinations, reproductive diseases and calving difficulty problems.

G80-504 Proper Livestock Grazing Distribution On Rangeland (Revised February 1996), Jerry D. Volesky, Walter H. Schacht, Steven S. Waller

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Good grazing distribution can increase harvest efficiency and grazing capacity. This NebGuide discusses common grazing problems and offers solutions.

The 23 million acres of rangeland in Nebraska are mostly grassland and are primarily devoted to forage production for Nebraska's multibillion dollar beef cattle industry. Nebraska's rangelands are inherently productive, and potential returns from efficient management practices are high for livestock producers.

Proper grazing distribution is a factor which can increase livestock production from Nebraska's rangeland. Grazing distribution refers to dispersion of grazing animals over a management unit. It is just one element of good grazing management which should also include …

G79-465 Urinary Calculi (Waterbelly) In Cattle And Sheep, Ivan G. Rush, Dale Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication discusses the symptoms, management and treatment of various types of urinary calculi diseases in cattle and sheep.

The term "urinary calculi" refers to deposits in the urinary tract. These deposits may block the flow of urine, particularly in male cattle and sheep. Prolonged blockage generally results in rupture of the urinary bladder or urethra, releasing urine into the surrounding tissues. This produces the condition commonly referred to as "waterbelly."

Two types of urinary calculi, both mineral in nature, predominate in cattle and sheep: (1) the phosphatic type formed principally under feedlot conditions and (2) the siliceous type occurring …

G79-477 Beef Herd Management Calendar, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication contains a brief outline of management practices to be followed at various stages of the cow's reproductive cycle or at various times of the year.

Good management is the key to a successful beef production program. A high capital requirement and a relatively low return emphasize the need for effective management to maximize the profit potential of beef cows.

Ec78-1744 Prairie Fires And The Nebraska Pioneer, Donald E. Westover

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

For thousands of years prairie fires were a common occurrence in the great plains region of North America. Along with wind, rain, snow, and sunshine, fire was a major ecological force. Long before the white man's influence became a factor Nebraska's prairie land had been shaped, even perpetuated by this ever present force. The following incidents are true life accounts of prairie fires as experienced by homesteaders and settlers around the turn of the century. No attempt has been made to change the grammar or the content of these stories. The words you read are those used by the contributors.

G78-417 Leptospirosis Of Domestic Animals, Donald B. Hudson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Leptospirosis of domestic animals is a very complex disease. This NebGuide examines its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Introduction

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of animals and man caused by a spiral-shaped organism (spirochete) of the genus Leptospira. The important serotypes recognized in livestock in the United States include Leptospira pomona, L. canicola, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa and L. hardjo. These organisms have a wide host range, including man. Among domestic animals, swine, cattle, dogs, and horses are most frequently affected. Known wildlife hosts include many of the small rodents, raccoons, foxes, opossums, skunks, deer, and moose.

Because of the …

G77-350 Mineral Nutrition Of Range Beef Cattle, Marvin W. Heeney

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Minerals play a very important role in the well-being of the range beef herd. Minerals are essential for practically all of the metabolic functions of the beef animals. Minerals are classified as 1) major and 2) minor or trace. The major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine and sulfur. The trace minerals include copper, cobalt, iodine, iron, manganese and zinc.

Each mineral is discussed here in terms of its function, deficiency symptoms and availability in the range beef cattle diet.

G77-355 A Guide For The Control Of Flies In Nebraska Feedlots And Dairies (Revised March 1990), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Flies, especially stable and house flies, can create serious and costly problems for feedlot and dairy operations. This publication describes several methods for control.

Several species of flies may be in confined livestock facilities during summer. The stable and house fly are the most serious pests. Blow flies also may be present if molasses is in the diet. Horn flies--small blood-feeding flies--may be present in early spring. These flies overwinter as pupae in or near manure pats in range or pasture. If cattle are not present in the grassland when horn flies emerge, they will migrate to confinement cattle. Normally, …

G77-363 Vitamin Requirements Of Beef Cattle, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Vitamins are organic substances that are required in very small quantities for various metabolic functions. Twenty-five to 30 have been identified, but cattle can synthesize all that are needed of these vitamins in the rumen except for two or three. Even though the supplemental amounts needed of these two or three vitamins (A and possibly D and E) are quite small, a deficiency can have a drastic effect on the animal. The NebGuide discusses these effects.

G77-331 Sampling Feeds For Analyses, Bruce Anderson, Terry L. Mader, Rick Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sampling is the key to accurate feed analyses and properly balancing livestock rations. Here's how to do it.

Accurate feed analyses are needed to balance livestock rations, correctly price hay, formulate least cost supplements, and efficiently allocate homegrown feeds to the proper class of livestock. Sampling is the most important factor affecting accuracy of feed analyses.

The feed value of most forages varies. Therefore, test forages routinely to determine their best and most economical use. With adequate forage testing, you can develop an accurate forage inventory which allows you to efficiently allocate higher quality forage to high-producing livestock and poorer …

G77-326 Clostridial Diseases Of Cattle (Revised September 1981), W.B. Wren, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The Clostridial diseases are a group of frequently fatal infections caused by bacteria belonging to the group called Clostridia. These organisms have the ability to form protective shell-like forms called spores when exposed to adverse conditions. This allows them to remain potentially infective in soils for long periods of time, presenting a significant danger to the livestock population. Many of the organisms in this group are also normally present in the intestines of man and animals.

This NebGuide discusses the different clostridial diseases found in cattle.

G77-371 Nebraska Livestock Market Outlets, Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

These are 629 outlets in Nebraska where one or more species of livestock may be sold. This does not include special sales by breed associations and livestock shows.

This NebGuides discusses the major types of livestock market outlets which are: terminal markets, local markets, auctions, dealers and/or order buyers and slaughter plants.

G77-336 Coccidiosis Of Cattle, Donald L. Ferguson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information on the identification, treatment, and prevention of coccidiosis in cattle.

Coccidiosis continues to be one of the major disease problems for cattle producers. It is caused by microscopic, one-celled parasites, chiefly of the genus Eimeria. Twenty-one species of Eimeria have been reported in cattle. Only two, Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii, are regularly associated with clinical infections in the field.

Capital Investment Requirements For A 500, 1,000 And 10,000 Head Cattle Feedlot, Robert Allen, Myron Eighmy, David Jibben

Economics Research Reports (1969 - 2017)

The purpose of this study is to figure the fixed costs of constructing and equipping a 500, 1,000 or 10,000 cattle feedlot given certain assumptions and restrictions, and to analyze those costs in terms of economic efficiency. The fixed costs are divided into six areas of analysis: the equipment of the feedlot, the pole buildings, the concrete flooring for the pole buildings, the feedlot building materials, the feedlot storage equipment and the waste disposal.

G76-324 Limiting Feed Intake With Salt, T.D. Rich, Steve Armbruster, D.R. Gill

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Cattlemen are aware of the impact high cost labor has on profit; thus, management procedures which reduce labor requirements are important. One management tool frequently used is regulating feed intake with salt.

In addition, self-feeding supplements tend to allow timid, slow-eating cows to get their share and it is an easy method of providing Vitamin A, phosphorus and other feed additives. However, there are disadvantages to feeding salt-concentrate mixes. Salt is not a precise regulator of intake since certain individuals will tolerate more salt than others and abundant water is essential.

Daily salt requirement for mature cattle is less than …

G76-321 Use Of Energy Values In Ration Formulation, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information on the use of high energy values in ration formulation.

Ruminants digest feedstuffs primarily by fermentation in the rumen. This allows ruminant animals to use both roughages and grains as sources of carbohydrates for energy. Part of the carbohydrates pass through the rumen and are digested in the abomasum and small intestine. Most carbohydrates in feeds are converted to either acetic, propionic or butyric acid by rumen bacteria and protozoa. These short chain fatty acids are then absorbed through the rumen wall into the blood stream and eventually are used for energy in body tissue.

G76-325 Sweet Clover Poisoning, I,A. Schipper

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sweet clover poisoning is a problem of varying frequency and intensity in livestock wherever sweet clover grows. The toxic compound produced in sweet clover prevents normal blood clotting resulting in hemorrhages and associated symptoms.

This publication covers which animals are most susceptible, the cause, prevention, management, and treatment of sweet clover poisoning.

G75-232 Cow-Calf Herd Health Program Basics, Dale Grotelueschen, Duane Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide suggests ideas and discusses some basic essentials of health management in beef cow operations.

Establishing a good cow-calf herd health program is a necessary step if profit is to be realized. Managing disease risk is an important aspect of a good health program design. Vaccinations help reduce the probability of disease but cannot solely be depended upon for prevention. Well-designed herd health programs address multiple areas of management in order to reduce likelihood of disease outbreaks. The objective of any beef herd health program should be to profitably produce calves having optimum weaning weights from a high percentage …

G75-269 Calf Scours: Causes, Prevention And Treatment, Don Hudson, R. Gene White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Calf scours or calf diarrhea: understand how to recognize and treat this costly condition. Calf scours or calf diarrhea causes more financial loss to cow-calf producers than any other disease-related problem they encounter. Calf scours is not a disease--it is a clinical sign of a disease which can have many causes. In diarrheas, the intestine fails to absorb fluids and/or secretion into the intestine is increased.

G75-269 Calf Scours — Causes And Treatment (Revised June 1996), Don Hudson, Dale Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Calf scours or calf diarrhea cause significant financial loss to cow-calf producers.

This NebGuide discusses causes, treatment, supportive therapy, and herd management.

Structural And Operational Characteristics Of Nebraska And Kansas Feeder-Cattle Growing Operations, J. L. Jorgensen, J. G. Kendrick, A. C. Wellman, J. H. Mccoy, J. W. Koudele, Q. C. Smith

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The beef cattle industry is experiencing a significant increase in demand for feeder cattle. Current difficulties in obtaining sufficient numbers of feeder cattle on a continuing basis have put pressures on the feeder cattle marketing system that did not exist in the past. Feedlot operators, growers (backgrounders), and cow-herd operators are looking for ways and means of improving the system. Innovations are being tested. Those circumstances prompted personnel of the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Kansas and Nebraska to undertake a joint study of cattle marketing under a Regional Research Project.

G74-149 Bloat Prevention And Treatment (Revised July 1996), Dale Grotelueschen, Richard J. Rasby, Don Hudson, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Bloat is a form of indigestion marked by an excessive accumulation of gas in the rumen. Immediately after cattle consume a meal, the digestive process creates gases in the rumen. Most of the gases are eliminated by eructation (belching). Any interruption of this normal gas elimination results in gas accumulation or bloat.

This NebGuide discusses the types of bloat which may occur in cattle and methods to prevent and treat bloat.

G74-154 Mosquito Control Guide (Revised 1974), John B. Campbell, David L. Keith, W. Kramer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the order Diptera. Although there are some 50 species of mosquitoes in Nebraska, fewer than a dozen are important.

This NebGuide discusses the life cycle, control and impact of mosquitoes common to Nebraska.

G74-166 Creep Feeding Beef Calves, Richard J. Rasby, Ivan G. Rush, James A. Gosey

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Effects of creep feeding calves are covered here. Gross income of the cow/calf enterprise is partially dependent on weaning weight of the calves. Three possible non-genetic ways of increasing calf weaning weight are to increase milk production of the dam, increase forage consumption of the calf, or provide supplemental feed to the calf to increase nutrient intake. Management practices exist to increase standing forage quality, but management of that grass for the calf only is difficult. Likewise, increasing milk production of the dam requires greater feed inputs and possibly supplemental feed. Creep feeding studies consistently have shown an increase in …

G74-149 Bloat Prevention And Treatment, Rick Stock, Richard J. Rasby, Duane Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the types of bloat which may occur in cattle and methods to prevent and treat bloat.

Bloat is a form of indigestion marked by an excessive accumulation of gas in the rumen. Immediately after cattle consume a meal, the digestive process creates gases in the rumen. Most of the gases are eliminated by eructation (belching). Gases that are trapped and not eructated may form a foam or froth in the rumen which further prevents their elimination. Froth formation can be caused by many factors resulting from interactions between the animal, rumen microorganisms, and differences in plant biochemistry.

G74-136 Grain Sorghum Processing For Beef Cattle, Rick Stock, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the feeding value of grain sorghum relative to corn and various grain processing methods for grain sorghum.

It has been widely recognized that grain sorghum (milo) must be processed to be efficiently used by finishing cattle. Grain sorghum shows more improved utilization from processing than corn, wheat and barley. Dry ground or rolled grain sorghum has a relative feeding value of 85% to 95% (avg 90%) of dry rolled corn. Processing grain sorghum by more sophisticated methods (early harvesting, steam-flaking, etc.) greatly enhances its feeding value.

Chemical composition suggests that there should be less difference in the …

G73-42 Slaughter Cattle Sale Choices (Revised June 1976), Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Cattle sold for slaughter can be sold either on a live or carcass weight basis. The ability to compare bid price for these two alternatives is necessary if the producer is to receive the maximum return from the cattle being sold. This publication discusses these choices for the livestock producer to use.