Agriculture Commons^™

Influence Of An Internal Parasite Control On Cattle Grazing Behavior And Production, Jace Stott

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Six herds of 45 to 90 cow/calf pairs grazing on upland range were used to examine the efficacy of an injectable extended release eprinomectin parasite control on production traits, activity behavior, and efficacy against internal parasitism. In 2016, treatment cows were given a subcutaneous injection of LongRange^tm. In 2017, all cows in the study were treated with a short acting Synanthic^tm treatment and only treatment cows were given an additional LongRange^tm treatment. In both 2016 and 2017, fecal egg counts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in eprinomectin treated cows compared to control cows. Calf gains were 4.8 kg and 8.7 kg greater (P < 0.1) for the calves of dams treated with eprinomectin compared to calves of control cows in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Activity characteristics of cattle were inconclusive, with treated cows having lower (P < 0.01) grazing and traveling times compared to control cows in 2016, and more (P < 0.01) grazing and traveling in 2017.

Differences in grazing behaviors based on time within pasture at different times …

Grains, Seeds And Hay Industry Funding Scheme Annual Report 2016/2017, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

The Grains, Seeds and Hay Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) has been operating since 2010 to address biosecurity threats relevant to Western Australia’s (WA) grains, seeds and hay industry. The Scheme was established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to enable growers to identify the pest and disease priorities at a whole-of-industry level and raise funds for activities to address these priorities.

There are currently three Industry Funding Schemes in operation. In addition to the Grains, Seeds and Hay IFS, there is a Cattle IFS and a Sheep and Goat IFS. The three IFSs operate in a similar manner. …

Peel Business Park Transition Strategy, Ghd

Natural resources commissioned reports

Transform Peel

Transform Peel is a $49m Royalties for Regions funded program aimed at achieving job creation, sustainable growth and economic development in the Peel Region. The Peel Development Commission and its partners, intend to implement this program over 35 years where projections estimate that 35,000 jobs will be created generating an approximate $16.2b per annum economic output by 2050. Located in the Shires of Murray and Serpentine Jarrahdale, the program comprises three integrated, strategic elements, the Peel Business Park (PBP), the Peel Food Zone (PFZ) and the Peel Integrated Water Initiative.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development …

Maximizing The Quality Of Life For Persons With Dementia, Elizabeth B. Fauth, Maria C. Norton, Jessica Weyerman

All Current Publications

This fact sheet show how through simple adjustments to the environment and by providing opportunities for meaningful activities or pleasant experiences, caregivers can play a key role in maximizing the quality of life that people with dementia can maintain despite their impairments.

The American Pika In Southern Utah, Ethan Hammer, S. Nicole Frey

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes the American pika, the smallest member of the rabbit and hare family. It discusses concerns for the American pika populations, its presence in the Cedar Breaks National Monument, and how individuals can help monitor the pika at Cedar Breaks and throughout Utah.

Risk Implications From The Selection Of Rainfall Index Insurance Intervals, Ashlee Carlson, Cory Walters, Kathleen Brooks, Monte Vandeveer, Jerry D. Volesky, Walt Schacht

Cornhusker Economics

Since the passage of the 1994 Crop Insurance Reform Act, the federal crop insurance program has grown in both size and scope. The program progressed from generating under $1 billion in premiums in 1994 to generating nearly $9.3 billion in 2016 (USDA-RMA 1994, 2016b). In 2007, the federal crop insurance program introduced the Rainfall Index (RI) and Vegetation Index (VI) Insurance Pilot Program for Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage (PRF) in selected states. In 2016, RI-PRF replaced VI-PRF and was made available in all 48 contiguous states enrolling 28,538 policies and providing over a billion dollars in coverage on more than …

Dementia Risk: Is It Nature Or Nurture?, Maria C. Norton, Elizabeth B. Fauth, Jessica Weyerman

All Current Publications

Alzheimer’s is a complex disease for which there is no known method for reversing its effects and no known cure for those who develop it. While a large part of the risk for developing AD comes from genes we inherit, there is evidence suggesting that an even greater part of our risk comes from our “environment,” and more specifically, our lifestyle.

Avian Pox (Fowl Pox), David D. Frame

All Current Publications

This fact sheet addresses specifically fowl pox affecting backyard chickens.

Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia Annual Report 2016/2017, Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

Developing constructive biosecurity advice to government requires a comprehensive understanding of the needs and challenges of industry, government and community. It also requires an understanding of the potential impacts of changes to the Western Australian biosecurity system on these groups as well as on the biosecurity of the State.

During 2016/17, the Council continued its commitment to engaging with key stakeholders. The strong consultative processes used by the Council enabled robust advice to be developed for government. The main area of focus during the year was government’s investment in Western Australia’s biosecurity. The key areas of advice that were progressed …

Impact Of Automated Guidance For Mechanical Control Of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds In Corn, Terry Griffin, James M. Lowenberg-Deboer

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

This study evaluated the feasibility of reintroducing mechanical weed control as an alternative for herbicide-resistance weed infestations. The production practice tested included row cultivation with a separate banded spray application using high-accuracy automated guidance systems. A range of ground speeds were tested for the row cultivation operation, each with a different per acre cost and timeliness penalty. A typical eastern Corn Belt farm with a rotation of corn and soybean served as the base for the linear programming model. It was found that if the farmer was willing to reintroduce tillage, row cultivation conducted at higher operating speeds in conjunction …

Do Profitable Farms Remain Profitable? Transition Probabilities Using Markov Switching Models Applied To Kansas Farm Data, Jayce S. Stabel, Terry Griffin, Greg Ibendahl

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

Financial vulnerability has been observed across agricultural production regions; however, uncertainty regarding farms’ persistence within specific profitability categories exists. This study compared farm characteristics that persist in most and least profitable categories and then evaluated the probability that farms transitioned among profitability categories. Using 425 Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) farms that were present for the 20-year period 1994–2013, the persistence of remaining or transitioning to another profitability category was tested. Specifically, Markov transition probabilities were estimated for Kansas and the six regional KFMA regions. Comparisons of farms that persist in the highest and lowest profitability categories revealed no dramatic …

Application Of The Adjusted Weak Axiom Of Profit Maximization To New Zealand Dairy Farming, Anne E. Dooley, Nicola M. Shadbolt, Koohyar Khatami, Loren W. Tauer

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

The weak axiom of profit maximization is a nonparametric, empirical approach that has been used in the United States to analyze dairy farmers’ production and profit behavior under input and output price changes to determine whether farmers effectively respond to these changes. The expectation is that profit calculated using the current year’s input and output combination will be greater than that calculated from the previous year’s combination with current prices more often than due to chance. This approach was replicated using New Zealand dairy farm data (1,785 pairs of records over five years). Current year’s profits were significantly greater in …

Differences Of Soil Properties In Various Agricultural Practices In Western Kentucky, Bailey Webster

Scholars Week

Cropping systems in Kentucky are strongly dominated by corn, tobacco, soybeans and wheat. Various crop management practices affect soil properties resulting in different functional quality of the soil to support crop growth. Crop rotation and tillage practices influence soil properties, and understanding the effect of these practices is essential to maintaining optimal soil environment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the differences of soil properties in various agricultural practices in western Kentucky on soil chemical and physical properties. In addition, soil samples from pasture, wood, and garden practices will be collected to use as a reference for …

Ability Of Acid And Bile Salt Resistance Of Lactic Acid Bacteria And Its Cholesterol Lowering Effect From Human Origin, Chen Dawei, Gu Ruixia, Lu Maolin, Huang Yujun, Zhang Chenchen, Guan Chengran, Zhang Yulu, Fan Chenyu

Food and Machinery

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with ability of acid and bile salt resistance were isolated from the feces of the longevity population in Rugao by using selective medium, artificial gastric juice and bile salt medium, and the ability of cholesterol reducing and manner were studied. The results showed that the survival rate of all isolated 60 strains of LAB in the pH 3.0 artificial gastric juice was more than 30%, the LAB from the middle-aged group, elderly group and longevity group was significantly higher than that in the youth group (P＜0.05); the survival rate of LAB in the 0.3% and 0.5% …

Screening And Safety Evaluation Of Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Fibrinolytic Enzyme, Yin Mengwen, Zhou Qian, Lei Chan, Hu Xinjie

Food and Machinery

In this study, 2 strains of Enterococcus faecalis HYD09 and HYN06 isolated from traditional fermented food were used to determine the enzyme activity of fermentation supernatant, and evaluate the basic safety of the strains. The safer strain were tested for gastrointestinal viability; meanwhile, the fermentation supernatant was subjected to protease; the crude enzyme was obtained from the fermentation broth and its activity was measured by Native-Page. The results showed: the enzyme activities of HYD09 and HYN06 fermentation supernatant were 115.3 U/mL and 107.2 U/mL, respectively; HYD09 and HYN06 indole test, nitrate reductase assay, amino acid decarboxylase test hemolysis test were …

Optimal Cultivation Conditions For Streptococcus Salivarius Bd3900 To Express Substances Capable Of Inhibiting Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation, Yu Yanan, Wu Zhengjun, Han Jin

Food and Machinery

In order to increase the metabolites of the strain BD3900 inhibiting the S. mutans biofilm formation, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans was used as indexes. The effects of the cultivation time and temperature, the carbon resources, the concentration of sucrose and the inoculum amount were investigated. The results showed that optimal cultivation conditions were composed of a cultivation period of 16 h, a cultivation temperature of 34 ℃, and a sucrose concentration of 1 g/100 mL. Under the optimized cultivation conditions, the inhibitory ability of the strain BD3900 on the formation of S. mutans biofilm was …

Rapid Quantitative Detection Of Trehalose Syrup Component Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Zheng Ruina, Xie Ding, Yang Qianyuan

Food and Machinery

A rapid detection method of using the near-infrared spectra（NIRS）to determine the concentration of syrup (trehalose, maltose and glucose ) in producing trehalose by synthase was established. The 65 NIRS samples of trehalose syrup were divided into a calibration set of 48 samples and a prediction set of 17 samples. Calculation results showed that the first derivative and savitzky-golay filter pretreatment is optimal, and the partial least squares (PLS) was more robust and predictive than the principal component regression (PCR) in building model by TQ analyst. Using PLS, 1D and savitzky-golay filter combination pretreatment model could not only reduce the background …

Determination Of Hydrazodicarbonamide In Bread By High Performance Liquid Chromatography In Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Source Mass Spectrometry, Zhao Youyou, Hua Jin, Gao Yuanhui, Zhang Qi, Guo Haiqian, Zhang Xinxin, Yang Puchen

Food and Machinery

A method of determining the content of hydrazodicarbonamide(HDC) in bread by high performance liquid chromatography in tandem atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) was established. Using 80 ℃ water as extractant, N-hexane extraction was used to remove sample impurities. And then the samples purified were separated by using Xbridge BEH Prep OBD Amide column. The gradient elution was performed by using wateracetonitrile (37) (v/v), with the flow velocity 0.6 mL/min. The ionization were achieved by using APCI source positive ion mode with MRM scan mode. The internal standard calibration curves were used for quantitative. The method of adding-recovery …

Measurement Uncertainty Of 3 Alkaloids In Soup Flavor Seasoning By Lc-Ms/Ms, Ma Lixing, Lu Xu, Chen Richun

Food and Machinery

In order to properly improve the integrity and reliability of the results, the LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the discrepancy of the detection results of papaverine, narcotine, thebaine in soup flavor seasoning powder. This paper based on “DB 31/2010—2012 of local standards for food safety, the Determination of Papaverine, Morphine, Narcotine, Codeine and Thebaine in Hot Pot Food by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry”, analyzed the residue results of papaverine, narcotine, thebaine in soup flavor seasoning powder and the sources of the uncertainty of measurement. It also synthesized the total uncertainty. The results showed that the synthesis of relative standard …

Regional Discrimination Of Three Kinds Of Tea By Isotope Ratio Analysis, Zhang Jianhui, Wang Xiali, Hu Yonghui, Fang Xuanqi, Dai Xuan, Zhang Li, Liu Lansong

Food and Machinery

The isotope ratio of five kinds of heavy metal elements in tea samples from different areas was measured, and the variance, cluster and discriminant analyses were undertaken using SAS (statistical analysis system) software. The results showed that ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb, ⁶⁶Zn/⁶⁷Zn, ⁶⁸Zn/⁶⁷Zn, ¹¹⁴Cd/¹¹⁰Cd, ¹¹²Cd/¹¹⁰Cd, ²⁶Mg/²⁵Mg 6 indexes existed significant differences in the three regions (99% significant level). The cluster analysis results of the six indexes showed that the clustering accuracy of samples form three regions as Guzhang (78.26%), Shimen (94.44%) and Anhua (92.10%). The …

Legislative Defects And Perfection Offood Safety Crime For Food Operators, Han Jin, Yang Tongtong, Han Ying

Food and Machinery

Operators of food safety crime is the main target of the current field of food safety criminal legislation. From a legal perspective, the relevant provisions did not fully reflect the reality that food safety crime is becoming popular, and the harm to public safety is getting serious. Which has a series defects, such as narrowing the subjects, lighting sectencing, and too rigid fine punishment, etc. As the operators’ food safety crime has evolved into a endangering public safety crime, it is necessity to take measures, such as expansion of the food safety criminal regulation scope, more strict punishment, and adopt …

Study On Temperature And Humidity Control Ability Of Heating Type Heat Pump Drying System, Wu Yaosen, Gong Li, Liu Qinghua, Liu Jun, Long Chengshu

Food and Machinery

In this paper, the heat and moisture balance of heating type heat pump drying system (HHPDS) is analyzed from the point of view of air conditioning. The ability that to effectively control the drying temperature and humidity is defined as the control capability. The relationship between the control capability and the drying temperature and humidity, the temperature and humidity of the environment and the amount of material is explained based on the principle of heat pump. Through the qualitative analysis of the influence of various factors, the conditions of determining the control ability of the HHPDS were obtained and it …

Design Of Semi-Automatic Pellet Racking Machine, Zhang Yaling, Zhu Wangchun, Cheng Hao

Food and Machinery

Aiming at overcoming the shortcomings of the existing material dispensing technology, a semi-automatic pellet racking machine was designed, which multiply controlled the entire packaging process by the controlling system. Combining the bilateral asymmetric oscillating structure with the conveyor belt powered by the stepper motor, the racking machine distributed the pellets apart by taking two steps. The infrared count structure and aggregate silo were used to make the pellets discharged in accordance with a certain number of packaging, while the total number of pellets and the number of times were recorded. The device was concise, ingenious and could ensure the accuracy …

Design Of 3d Sugar Painting Creative Product Printing Based On Fdm, Yang Jianwei, Hu Yanan, Wang Yi, Zhang Hongxing

Food and Machinery

The 3D sugar painting printer based on FDM technology was designed. It included the mechanical mechanism, control system and HMI interface. The mechanical mechanism consisted of the feeding mixing device and the Core XY axis linkage system. The feed mixing mechanism could accurately feed and stir the raw materials. The control system was based on CPU1214C, controlling the system motion, temperature, and stirring feeding. Siemens OP73/Micro touch screen was used to install WinCC Flexible as development platform, helping to realize human-computer interaction. This equipment could be used to print out any complex structure and delicious 3D sugar painting.

Preparation And Antimicrobial Activities Of Spi/Clove Oil Microcapsule Films, Dong Zeng, Cao Wengen, Wang Haichao, Jia Guiqi, Zhang Xingtao, Gao Guizhen

Food and Machinery

Clove oil was loaded into β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) using the saturated aqueous solution method. Antibacterial film was prepared by adding the microcapsule into Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) film, microcapsule embedding ratio, the mechanical properties of films and the bacteriostatic action to Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were determined. The results showed that the embedding ratio was （67.42±3.82）%; the effect of bacteriostatic action to Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli of film adding more microcapsule was better，but the mechanical properties were not very well.

Expression Of Recombinant Antifreeze Peptide In Lactococcus Lactis And Its Antifreeze Activity, Zhang Li, Huang Xinyang, Ma Tianyi, Wu Jinhong, Wang Shaoyun, Wang Zhengwu

Food and Machinery

In order to optimize the expression of antifreeze protein SF-P, using Nisin as the inducer to induced the expression of recombinant Lactococcus lactis. The expression conditions of induction time, induced pH, induced temperature and inducer Nisin concentration were optimized. The optimal expression conditions were determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Furthermore, the physiological characteristics of recombinant bacteria under freezing stress were investigated by comparing the growth status, the acid production of bacteria and the changes of sodium and potassium contents before and after freezing stress. The results showed that the optimal expression conditions were determined: pH of 7.0, Nisin concentration …

Effect Of Extraction Process On Quality And Volatile Flavor Components Of Oil From Macadamia Nuts, Shuai Xixiang, Du Liqing, Zhang Ming, Tu Xinghao

Food and Machinery

The effects of two extraction methods (pressing extraction, aqueous extraction) on the quality and volatile flavor compounds from macadamia nuts oil were investigated. The investigation focused on the composition of triglyceride, sterol, fatty acid and volatile flavor components, as well as the contents of tocopherols and mineral elements in macadamia nuts oil. For the fatty acid composition, triglyceride composition, and contents of tocopherols, the results showed that there were not significantly variations in pressing extracted oil and aqueous extracted oil. Fatty acid composition analysis results illustrated that the main fatty acid consisted of oleic acid, palm acid and palmitic acid, …

Optimization Of Extraction Technology Of Protein From Momordica Charantia Residue And Its Inhibitory Effect On Proliferation Of K562 Cells In Vitro, Li Meijuan, Hao Jinghao, Ma Tiantian, Shi Guoqing, Zhang Xinwu, Huang Jihong

Food and Machinery

Single factor combined with uniform design were used to optimized the extraction process of protein from Momordica charantia residue by salt dissolving method, and the inhibitory activity in vitroon K562 cell proliferation of crude extract was determined by MTT assay. The test results showed that the optimal conditions were as followed: salt concentration of 0.25 mol/L, time 3.59 h, pH=9, ratio of liquid-material 10.36︰1 (mL/g) and the temperature of 25 ℃, extracting twice. Under this condition, the actual extraction rate was 9.28%. In the range of experimental concentration, the crude protein from Momordica charantia residue had a significant inhibitory effect …

Effect Of Different Extraction Methods On The Properties And Biological Activity Of Polysaccharides From Radix Glehniae, Jing Yongshuai, Zhang Danshen, Zhang Ruijuan, Su Lei, Pan Mengshu, Sun Shuaishuai, Wu Lanfang, Zheng Yuguang

Food and Machinery

The polysaccharides were extracted from Radix Glehniae, by using hot water extraction, ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, lye extraction, acid extraction and cellulase extraction, and the corresponding polysaccharide was GLP-W, GLP-U, GLP-M, GLP-L, GLP-A and GLP-E. The extraction rate, soluble sugar content, viscosity, structural characteristics, solid morphology, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity of each polysaccharide were measured. The results showed: the extraction rates of polysacchar-ides were GLP-A(39.62%)＞GLP-E(38.33%)＞GLP-L(24.80%)＞GLP-W(23.93%)＞GLP-M(18.92%)＞GLP-U(12.68%); The viscosity of the polysaccharide solution by different extraction methods were increased with the increase of polysaccharide solution concentration, and at the same concentration, GLP-L had the largest viscosity. The content of soluble sugar …

Extraction Optimization Of Volatile Oil From Chinese Elder Herb By Supercritical Co2 And Its Composition Analysis, Jiang Hongyu, Liu Yufeng, Xie Guofei, Liu Yilin, Luo Xiaofang, Wang Zongcheng

Food and Machinery

The extraction conditions of volatile oil from Chinese elder herb by supercritical CO₂ were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology. Flow rate of CO₂, the pressure, temperature and time of extraction were employed to examine the influences of the yield of volatile oil. The chemical constituents were separated and identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The optimal extracting conditions were flow rate of CO₂ 25 L/h, extraction pressure 30.5 MPa, at 45.0 ℃ for 2.8 h. The extraction rate of volatile oil from Chinese elder herb was 0.86%. 16 kinds of volatile compounds …