Agriculture Commons^™

Effect Of Blue/Red Light On Growth And Properties Of Red Yeast, Ma Dandan, Zhang Yanjie

Food and Machinery

In order to understand the effect of the light signal on the growth and development of yeast, the effects of red and blue light on the growth and yield of the growth of the yeast were studied. Results showed that the red culture could prompt the Rhodotorula glutinis biomass increased significantly, improve the content of protein and nucleic acid in Rhodotorula glutinis, improve Rhodotorula glutinis kind of carotene and ergosterol content. The red light can be considered to introduced into Rhodotorula glutinis industrialized production of carotene and ergot solid alcohol. The Blue ray in improving the Rhodotorula glutinis biomass was …

Weight-Reducing Effect Of Onion Peel Extracts On Obese Rats, Liu Haoming, Pan Yannan, Cui Taihua, Wei Dan, Liang Chengyun, Li Guanhao

Food and Machinery

Investigated the effects of onion peel extracts on weight reduction in obesity rats. The experiment adopted the nutritional obesity model, and selected the tea polyphenol (TP) as a positive control and fed with high-fat diet added 0.57% of tea polyphenol and 1.33% of onion peel extracts. Research studied the influence of onion peel extracts on body weights, Lee’s indexes, food intake and food utilization rate of the rats, and further evaluated weight-reducing capacity of onion peel extracts according to above parameters. The results showed that onion peel extracts could decrease the body weight significantly by restraining fat cell dilated and …

Antioxidant Activity Of Capsaicin In Vitro, Liu An, Wang Zhen, Liu Linfeng, Xiang Yi, Xiao Wenjun

Food and Machinery

The antioxidant activity of capsaicin was evaluated through building antioxidant experiment model in vitro, taking capsaicin monomer as standard sample, and Vc as the contrast. By analyzing the reducing power of capsaicin and scavenging experiments on the DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical (O-2·), nitroso and hydroxyl radical (·OH), discussed capsaicin the antioxidant properties. The results showed that: reducing power of capsaicin increased with mass concentration increasing, and the DPPH radical, nitroso and clearance rate of ·OH with mass concentration increasing, and the scavenging effect and Vc basically similar, but with lower clearance to O-2·; the clearance of capsaicin to DPPH·, …

Ultrasonic-Assisted Two-Phase Aqueous Extraction And Antioxidant Activity Of Polyphenols From The Seed Of Synespalum Dulcificum, Ma Yidan, Liu Hong, Liao Xiaowei, Yan Ruixin, Qi Jinling

Food and Machinery

The seed of Synespalum dulcificum was untrasonified in the acetone-(NH₄)₂SO₄ aqueous two-phase syetem to extract total polyphenils and different conditions for extraction of polyphenols antioxidant activity was investigated. Acetone was chosen as the best extraction solvent for this research. The acetone concentration, amount of the (NH₄)₂SO₄, the ultrasonic time，extraction temperature, ratio of water to solid were discussed by the single factor experiment. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be: the concentration of acetone solution 50%, ultrasonic time 100 min and extraction temperature 60 ℃，ratio of water to solid …

Review And Perfection Of Criminal Law System In Food Safety Crime, Tan Yaying

Food and Machinery

Food safety crime has caused a serious threat to people's life and health, so it must be in the criminal law. However, through the criminal law regulation of food safety crime, some important links of food safety, the crime of holding type were found, which was not included in the criminal law, some key concepts lack of clear definition, and the fine penalty lack of clear sentencing standards. It is necessary to take food logistics and agricultural products into the criminal legislation, to clear the sentencing standards of the fine penalty, to bring the crime of possession into the relevant …

U.S. Drought Monitor, December 22, 2015, Richard R. Heim Jr.

United States Agricultural Commodities in Drought Archive

Drought map of the United States for December 22, 2015 (12/22/15) plus: United States crop areas experiencing drought (map), an approximate percentage of crop located in drought by state (bar graph), and the percentage of crop area located in drought during the past 52 weeks (line graph) for corn, soybeans, hay, cattle, and winter wheat.

Rnai-Mediated Control Of Aflatoxins In Peanut: Method To Analyze Mycotoxin Production And Transgene Expression In The Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem, Renee S. Arias, Phat M. Dang, Victor S. Sobolev

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that 25% of the food crops in the world are contaminated with aflatoxins. That represents 100 million tons of food being destroyed or diverted to non-human consumption each year. Aflatoxins are powerful carcinogens normally accumulated by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in cereals, nuts, root crops and other agricultural products. Silencing of five aflatoxin-synthesis genes by RNA interference (RNAi) in peanut plants was used to control aflatoxin accumulation following inoculation with A. flavus. Previously, no method existed to analyze the effectiveness of RNAi in individual peanut transgenic events, …

J.K. Southerland: From Check-R-Mix To Fancy Pack, Pioneering The Poultry Industry In North Central Arkansas, Nancy Patrice Dowdy

Student Theses and Dissertations

Batesville, Arkansas is home to several local and cross-country trucking firms, many of which transport commodities directly related to the poultry industry that developed in the region. The growth of the trucking businesses, as well as numerous other companies and retail stores, is a direct result of the poultry industry that began there in the mid-1930s and for decades has supplied locally grown product to all parts of the United States. The man primarily responsible for the launch of the trucking firms and the expansion of the poultry trade as a major economic force in North Central Arkansas was Jerome …

Extension Agriculture And Natural Resources In The U.S. Midwest: A Review And Analysis Of Challenges And Future Opportunities, Mahdi M. Al-Kaisi, Roger Wesley Elmore, Gerald A. Miller, David Kwaw-Mensah

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This review addresses key changes in U.S. agricultural extension and future opportunities. Agricultural extension has been a part of the land-grant university (LGU) system for more than 100 years. The Morrill Act of 1862 established the LGU system by authorizing states access to federally controlled land and funding for public institutions offering educational opportunities focusing on agriculture and mechanical arts for farmers and the working class. Current surveys in Iowa reveal changing trends in extension: more than 90% of farmers identified private-sector crop advisers as their primary source for recommendations, whereas more than 80% of those advisors identified Iowa State …

Rna-Sequencing Reveals Global Transcriptomic Changes In Nicotiana Tabacum Responding To Topping And Treatment Of Axillary-Shoot Control Chemicals, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Yongmei Wu, Jayadri S. Ghosh, Sitakanta Pattanaik, Colin Fisher, Ying Wang, Darlene Lawson, Ling Yuan

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Publications

Removal of terminal buds (topping) and control of the formation of axillary shoots (suckers) are common agronomic practices that significantly impact the yield and quality of various crop plants. Application of chemicals (suckercides) to plants following topping is an effective method for sucker control. However, our current knowledge of the influence of topping, and subsequent suckercide applications, to gene expression is limited. We analyzed the differential gene expression using RNA-sequencing in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that are topped, or treated after topping by two different suckercides, the contact-localized-systemic, Flupro^® (FP), and contact, Off-Shoot-T^®. Among the differentially …

Affordable Care Act 2016 Changes, Marilyn R. Schlake

Cornhusker Economics

Since enacted in 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has in some capacity affected nearly all individuals and businesses throughout the United States. With its sweeping legislation, insurance companies, health providers, employers and individuals alike have changed how they operate within the health industry. These changes will continue as more ACA regulations go into effect in 2016 and 2017. Understanding how these changes affect you and your family and business is important to successfully navigate through the evolving ACA regulations.

U.S. Drought Monitor, December 15, 2015, Richard Tinker

United States Agricultural Commodities in Drought Archive

Drought map of U.S. for December 15, 2015 (12/15/15) plus: U.S. crop areas experiencing drought (map), Approximate percentage of crop located in drought, by state (bar graph), Percent of crop area located in drought, past 52 weeks (line graph) for: Corn, Soybeans, Hay, Cattle, Winter wheat.

Soil Moisture Affects Growing-Season Wildfire Size In The Southern Great Plains, Erik S. Krueger, Tyson E. Ochsner, David M. Engle, J. D. Carlson, Dirac L. Twidwell, Samuel D. Fuhlendorf

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The increasing availability of soil moisture data presents an opportunity for its use in wildfire danger assessments, but research regarding the influence of soil moisture on wildfires is scarce. Our objective was to identify relationships between soil moisture and wildfire size for Oklahoma wildfires during the growing (May-October) and dormant seasons (November-April). We hypothesized that soil moisture influences wildfire size when vegetation is growing but is less important when most vegetation is dead or dormant. Soil moisture, as fraction of available water capacity (FAW), and commonly measured weather variables were determined for 38,419 wildfires from 2000–2012. Wildfires were grouped by …

Soybean Yield And Nodulation Response To Crop History And Inoculation, Stephen Mason, Tomie Galusha, Zaher Kmail

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] inoculation was imposed on a long-term continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean cropping systems study with and without manure application at Mead, NE. The objective was to determine the influence of 28-yr history of continuous grain sorghum and soybean production, inoculation, and manure on soybean yield and nodulation. Average 2-yr soybean grain yield was 0.5 Mg ha^–1 greater on plots with continuous grain sorghum crop history rather than soybean history, even after this history was broken by 2-yr crop rotation with grain sorghum in the 2 yr previous to …

Mobile Broadband In Nebraska, Charlotte Narjes, Rebecca J. Vogt, Cullen Robbins

Cornhusker Economics

Mobile Broadband Coverage in Nebraska

• Is mobile broadband coverage available throughout Nebraska?
• Is there a difference between rural and urban areas with respect to mobile wireless speed?
• Should mobile wireless coverage be classified as broadband?

These are some of the questions that were answered by an August 2015 Nebraska Public Service Commission (PSC) report. The study, which began in October 2013, was part of the Nebraska Broadband Initiative efforts to facilitate the integration of broadband and information technology into state and local economics.

Oregon Wine Board Meeting Minutes December 8, 2015, Oregon Wine Board

Oregon Wine Board Documents

These meeting minutes list individuals in attendance at the December 8, 2015 Oregon Wine Board (OWB) meeting, held at the Hotel Vintage in Portland, Oregon. The Board went into Executive Session prior to calling the meeting to order. The finance, education, and marketing committees provided reports. The Board discussed funding grant proposals from the 11^th International Terroir Congress and the Oregon Wine History Archive. The Board also discussed nominations for industry awards and elected a new slate of Directors to chair OWB's Executive Committee in 2016. The meeting lasted 4 hours 13 minutes (including the time spent in Executive …

Design And Testing Of Novel Anthrax Vaccines Utilizing A Tobacco Mosaic Virus Expression System, Ryan C. Mccomb

KGI Theses and Dissertations

Anthrax is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Infection and disease occur after spores gain entry into the body, germinate into vegetative bacteria, and produce toxin. Bacillus anthracis spores have been engineered as bioweapons and have been used repeatedly in warfare and terrorism to inflict casualties in military and civilian populations. Currently, only one vaccine has been approved for prevention of anthrax in the United States. This vaccine is an undefined product that is difficult to produce, requires a long vaccination schedule, and is reactogenic. Efforts to make an improved anthrax vaccine are being pursued. …

Guide To The Mark Kronquist Collection, Linfield College Archives

Linfield Archives Finding Aids

This collection includes wine bottles, wine glasses, wine corks, and other memorabilia from the 1980s, as well as numerous books pertaining to the wine industry.

Community Scholars Program - Hopkins County, Kentucky (Fa 736), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 736. This collection contains information and documentation about the Community Scholars Program’s workshops held in Hopkins County, Kentucky during the summer of 2008. The collection chiefly consists of projects completed by program participants.

Managing Net Income Risk With Crop Insurance, Farm Bill, And Hedging, Cory Walters

Cornhusker Economics

Managing uncertain yields and prices before planting is a primary concern to producers, especially when financial ruin is at stake. To manage uncertainty, producers are presented with a complex set of financial tools from both public sources (crop insurance and Farm Bill) and private sources (commodity futures markets). Over time these tools and their relation have evolved. Prior to the mid-1990s, before crop insurance expanded, producers relied primarily on privately operated commodity futures markets and publicly funded government programs, such as the disaster assistance program and the loan deficiency program, to reduce income uncertainty. Since this time the U.S. government …

Gopher Intrusion In Cropping Systems, Kenneth Romero, Paul Cardinalli

Agricultural Education and Communication

The purpose of this project was to determine if no till vs. till on gopher populations was more beneficial. Which is more efficient at controlling gophers and explain the damage they can cause and the diseases they can potentially vector. What are the different options of pest managements that have to be used when dealing with a gopher infestation in a tilled field vs. a no-tilled field.

Using Precision Agriculture Field Data To Evaluate Combine Harvesting Efficiency, Justin Carroll

Agricultural Education, Communications and Technology Undergraduate Honors Theses

Soybean crops must be harvested during a limited time period using expensive combines and associated equipment. Maximizing combine field efficiency, the ratio of the actual harvesting capacity to theoretical harvesting capacity, is an important objective of machinery managers. Spatial and temporal yield data from a 2012 CaseIH 8120 Axial-Flow combine equipped with a 30-foot MacDon D-65 Draper header and the Case-IH Advanced Farming System (AFS) yield monitoring system were used to examine field efficiency when harvesting soybean in three Arkansas Delta irrigated soybean fields during the 2015 season. Time efficiencies (TE) in the three fields ranged from 72.9 to 85.8% …

Field Abundance And Performance Of Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) On Soybean Aphid, James O. Eckberg, Julie A. Peterson, Colin P. Borsh, Joe M. Kaser, Gregg A. Johnson, John C. Luhman, Donald L. Wyse, George E. Heimpel

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

The management of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumara is a major challenge to soybean production in the north-central United States. The identification and characterization of the insect predator community has informed integrated pest management strategies by providing insight on predators that can suppress soybean aphid populations. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are known predators of A. glycines, but more information is needed on their diversity, abundance, and performance to evaluate their importance as biological control agents of A. glycines. In this study, syrphid abundance was evaluated across two growing seasons in four soybean fields in east-central Minnesota. Six methods …

Demography And Disease Of The Rare Shrub Buckleya Distichophylla (Santalaceae) In Northeastern Tennessee, William Seth Ratliff

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Piratebush (Buckleya distichophylla (Nutt.) Torr.) is a rare, hemiparasitic shrub with the only extant populations in western North Carolina, northeastern Tennessee, and southwestern Virginia. The preferred natural hosts of piratebush, Carolina and eastern hemlocks, have seen sharp declines over the last decade due to the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid. Virginia pine, another important host of piratebush, is also susceptible to disease, specifically Cronartium appalachianum, a rust fungus for which piratebush is the secondary host. This study described and analyzed current demographic parameters of three Tennessee piratebush populations. Additionally, spatial patterns of disease and demographic characters were analyzed. These …

Economic Impacts Of The Kentucky Green Industry [2015], Dewayne L. Ingram, Alan Hodges

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

The green industry, comprised of firms engaged in the production and use of landscape and floral crops and related supplies and equipment and the design, construction, and maintenance of landscapes, has a significant impact on Kentucky’s economy. Green-industry enterprise owners, managers, and employees should be aware of their economic impacts, and policy makers and other state leaders need to know the importance of this industry as potential laws, regulations and resource allocations are considered. This publication is intended to provide a brief summary of the 2013 economic impacts of the green industry in Kentucky.

Distinguishing Softwoods From Hardwoods, Terry Conners

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Softwood and hardwood trees are made up of different types of cells. With just a little magnification, it’s easy to see that softwood growth rings look different from hardwood growth rings. Additionally, growth rings don’t look the same for all of the trees, and the growth ring appearance is one of the things we will look at to identify wood.

Characteristics Of Kentucky’S Nursery And Greenhouse Industries [2015], Dewayne L. Ingram, Winston Dunwell, Alan Hodges

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

The nursery and greenhouse industry in Kentucky is diverse and contributes significantly to the local and state economy. This industry represents the largest segment of Kentucky’s sales of horticultural products and is comprised almost completely of farm families. Nursery and greenhouse operations have historically been characterized as separate production systems and crops. However, today primary nurseries may also have greenhouses and/or produce herbaceous perennials and annuals to satisfy their customer base. On the other hand, many primary greenhouse firms that once grew mostly annuals and potted flowering crops have expanded their product line to include herbaceous perennials, often finished in …

Introduction To Wood Structure And Characteristics, Terry Conners

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Wood is identified using the features and tools that are appropriate to the size of the sample. Large timbers are identified by looking at the color, the appearance of the end and side grain, whether a saw cuts cleanly or leaves lots of splinters behind, whether the wood has straight or curly drying cracks, and so forth. The hardness and density provide valuable information as well. For smaller pieces of wood, it’s more practical to look directly at the wood cells with a 10X hand lens (also called a loupe). Different species have different characteristics and combinations of these features …

Grain Patterns And Growth Rings, Terry Conners

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

The preceding article, "Identifying Wood–A Primer for Everyone, Part 3: Distinguishing Softwoods from Hardwoods" (FOR-125), described how to distinguish softwoods from hardwoods, and that’s the first step in identifying an unknown piece of wood. At this point, additional terminology is necessary to further distinguish between species, and I'll begin by talking about the different sides of a hypothetical piece of wood. Frequently you need to be able to observe wood cells from a particular perspective, and you will need to know where to look for different features on your sample. It’s also very helpful to develop a kind of “visual …

The First Separation Of Softwood Species, Terry Conners

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Just making the separation between softwoods and hardwoods doesn’t help much in identifying wood species; that would be sort of like identifying children by their hair color. Let’s look at the next level of wood features that you need to be able to recognize.