Agriculture Commons^™

2009 Weed Science Research Report – Green Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2009. It includes work on several small grain crops and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

2009 Weed Science Research Report – Pink Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2009. It includes work on absinth wormwood, Canada thistle, leafy spurge and Russian olive in North Dakota.

2009 Weed Science Research Report – Tan Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2009. It includes work on adjuvants,  formulations, and spray quality in North Dakota.

2009 Weed Science Research Report – Yellow Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2009. It includes work on several minor crops and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

Latest Developments In The Investigation Of Smoke Effect In Grapes And Winents In The Inve, Kristen Kennison, Kerry Wilkinson, Mark Gibberd, Grape And Wine Research Development Corporation

Journal articles

No abstract provided.

Using The World Wide Web To Educate And Inform The Public About Risk And Agricultural Biotechnology, Douglas A. Golick, Robert D. Peterson, Leon G. Higley

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The University of Nebraska and AgBios, Inc. launched the AgBiosafety website (http://agbiosaftzy.unl.edu) with the purpose of educating the public about agricultural biotechnology risk and safezy issues through science-based content. This article discusses the creation ofthe website, its components, and data gathered from usage statistics and a web-delivered survey. Also included is a discussion of the results ofdata gathered and recommendations for future web-based educational efforts in biotechnology safety and risk assessment.

Gathering Cows Using Virtual Fencing Methodologies, Dean M. Anderson, Marek Doniec, Carrick Detweiler, Iuliu Vesilescu, Daniela Rus, Barbara Nolen, Roy Libeau

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Free-ranging livestock are classically controlled by herders. Holding, moving, or gathering free-ranging cattle requires flexible husbandry practices for efficient and effective lowstress animal management. Behavioral theory and practical experience indicates cattle can be taught to respond to auditory cues. Preliminary research has demonstrated that cows can be gathered autonomously using recorded audio cues associated with manual gathering. However, efficient gathering requires movement in the proper direction. Therefore, we believe using audio cues administered from directional virtual fencing (DVF™) equipment can facilitate proper animal orientation and facilitate the gathering of animals with minimal human intervention. Results from applying directional audio cues …

Isolation Of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Reactive Cd4 T Cells From Intestinal Biopsies Of Crohn’S Disease Patients, Ingrid Olsen, Stig Tollefsen, Claus Aagaard, Liv J. Reitan, J. P. Bannantine, Peter Andersen, Ludvig M. Sollid, Knut E.A. Lundin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestine. The etiology is unknown, but an excessive immune response to bacteria in genetically susceptible individuals is probably involved. The response is characterized by a strong Th1/Th17 response, but the relative importance of the various bacteria is not known.

Methodology/Principal Findings: In an attempt to address this issue, we made T-cell lines from intestinal biopsies of patients with CD (n = 11), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 13) and controls (n = 10). The T-cell lines were tested for responses to various bacteria. A majority of the CD patients …

Plan To Support Grains Industry Development 2009-2012, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Grain and other field crops published reports

The Plan to Support Grains Industry Development (‘the Plan’) recognises that Western Australian agricultural industries are integral to the economic wellbeing of regional and rural communities. The Plan promotes a progressive and profitable grains industry through modern best practice services and research to enhance continuous improvement in farming and supply chain practices.

The Plan has been developed to align with the Government of Western Australia’s initiatives, strategies and tactics for ‘making every hectare count’ (see Appendix 1) and with grains industry needs as identified by industry stakeholders during a series of consultation forums. These industry needs will be addressed in …

My View: Automated Weed Control In Organic Cropping Systems, Stephen L. Young

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

In 2005, for the first time, all 50 states in the United States had some certified organic farmland (USDA 2007). Producers in the United States dedicated over 1.62 million hectares of farmland to organic production systems in 2005. The increase in the number of hectares of crops being grown organically has brought with it a growing need for more labor and nonconventional inputs for weed control. Currently, weed control is ranked as the number one production cost by organic and many conventional growers. Over the past 10 yr, development of machine-guided technologies for site-specific (precision) weed control has advanced rapidly, …

Functionally Similar Species Confer Greater Resistance To Invasion: Implications For Grassland Restoration, Stephen L. Young, Jacob N. Barney, Guy B. Kyser, Tracy S. Jones, Joseph M. Ditomaso

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

Plant community functional composition can be manipulated in restored ecosystems to reduce the establishment potential of invading species. This study was designed to compare invasion resistance among communities with species functionally similar or dissimilar to yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a late-season annual. A field experiment was conducted in the Central Valley of California with six experimental plant communities that included (1) six early-season native annual forbs (AF); (2) five late-season native perennials and one summer annual forb (NP); (3) a combination of three early-season native annual forbs and three late-season native perennials (FP); (4) six early-season non-native annual …

Bulked Segregant Analysis Using The Goldengate Assay To Locate The Rpp3 Locus That Confers Resistance To Soybean Rust In Soybean, D. L. Hyten, James R. Smith, Reid D. Frederick, Mark L. Tucker, Qijian Song, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Few resistance loci to soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd., have been genetically mapped and linked to molecular markers that can be used for marker assisted selection. New technologies are available for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping that can be used to rapidly map traits controlled by single loci such as resistance to SBR. Our objective was to demonstrate that the highthroughput SNP genotyping method known as the GoldenGate assay can be used to perform bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to fi nd candidate regions to facilitate effi cient mapping of a dominant resistant locus to SBR designated Rpp3 …

Mapping And Confirmation Of A New Allele At Rpp1 From Soybean Pi 594538a Conferring Rb Lesion–Type Resistance To Soybean Rust, Nanda Chakraborty, Joe Curley, Reid D. Frederick, D. L. Hyten, Randall L. Nelson, Glen L. Hartman, Brian W. Diers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi (H. Sydow & Sydow), is a destructive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] disease and identification of new resistance genes is essential for effective rust management. Our research objectives were to map and confirm the location of resistance gene(s) in PI 594538A using a population of 98 F_3:4 lines from across between PI 594538A (reddish-brown [RB] lesions) and the susceptible cultivar Loda (tan [TAN] lesions). The lines were inoculated with the P. pachyrhizi isolate ZM01-1 from Zimbabwe. The RB resistance in PI 594538A mapped on linkage group G as a single dominant gene. …

Evaluating The Effects Of Organic And Conventional Inputs On Soil Chemical And Biological Properties In A Four-Year Vegetable Rotation And The Investigation Of Soil Microbial Properties On Plant Gene Expression, Audrey Law

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of conventional inputs on soil chemical and biological properties compared to organic systems in a four year vegetable rotation. Tillage and cover crops were the same in all treatments to avoid confounding factors often present in similar research. Additional experiments investigated plant gene expression in organic and conventional management systems and in soils with decreased microbial diversity. Experimental plots were prepared in the spring of 2004; four replications of three management treatments, organic, low-input and conventional, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The rotation consisted of edamame soybean, …

Genetic Diversity Of Wilt And Root Rot Pathogens Of Chickpea, As Assessed By Rapd And Issr, Harun Bayraktar, F. Sara Dolar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Intra- and interspecific polymorphisms among fungal pathogens that cause wilt and root rot on chickpea were investigated by using 30 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and 20 ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) primers. UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average) cluster analysis of RAPD and ISSR datasets using Dice's coefficient differentiated all fungal isolates from each other and revealed considerable genetic variability between the isolates. The isolates that were not easily separable using morphological characteristics were classified again according to their branching in dendrograms. A partial correlation was observed between cluster analysis and geographic origin of Fusarium solani isolates. Additionally, …

Selection For Test Weight And Kernel Weight In High Yielding Wheat Using A Safety-First Index, Emre İlker, Meti̇n Altinbaş, Muzaffer Tosun

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Five breeding lines and 4 cultivars were grown in replicated trials at 1 location in 1999-2000 and 2 locations in 2000-2001 cropping seasons in İzmir in order to determine the usefulness of a safety-first selection index in making selection among high yielding wheat genotypes for test weight and thousand-kernel weight. Genotype × environment interactions were significant for these 2 quality traits. The regression coefficient (b_i) of genotypes, variance (Si_i^2) of a genotype across environments, and a safety-first index (I_i) were calculated to evaluate the stability of genotypes for test weight and thousand-kernel weights. Wheat genotypes with lower bi values and …

The Effects Of Four Organic Soil Conditioners On Aggregate Stability, Pore Size Distribution, And Respiration Activity In A Sandy Loam Soil, Shokrollah Asghari, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Fariborz Abbasi, Nasser Aliasgharzad, Shahin Oustan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In coarse-textured soils, low water and nutrient holding capacity due to the high number of macropores limits crop growth. To minimize these limitations the application of various soil conditioners (SCs) has been extensively used in recent decades. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), cattle manure (M), vermicompost (VC), and biological sludge (BS) as organic SCs on mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, water aggregate stability (WAS), pore size distribution (PRSD), and respiration activity (RA) of a sandy loam soil. PAM (0.25 and 0.5 g kg^{-1} of air-dried soil), M (12.5 and 25 …

Evaluation Of A Low-Cost Gps Receiver For Precision Agriculture Use In Adana Province Of Turkey, Muharrem Keski̇n, Sai̇t Muharrem Say, Serap Görücü Keski̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The most vital factor in the application of precision agriculture technology is the cost of the required high-technology equipment. The equipment cost is the major obstacle in adopting the precision agriculture. GPS receiver is one of the most essential tools with high initial costs in this technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate a low-cost GPS receiver in 3 different tests including static, dynamic circular area, and dynamic straight line tests. It was observed that the tested low-cost GPS receiver yielded a deviation of less than 1.50 m, 1.60 m, and 1.48 m in static, circular area, and …

Development Of A Computerized Measurement System For In-Row Seed Spacing Accuracy, Okan Önal, İsmet Önal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to develop a computerized measurement system (CMS) combined with a sticky belt test stand for examining in-row seed spacing distribution accuracy. For this purpose 8 performance parameters were selected for precision seeding: mean seed spacing, the standard deviation, the multiples index, the miss index, the quality of feed index, the precision, the population index, and the coefficient of precision (CP-3). The CMS hardware consisted of a high precision optical mouse coupled with a laser pointer and a notebook computer. The use of optical laser technology is a new method for the determination of seed …

Soybean Seed Yield Performances Under Different Cultural Practices, Mehmet Si̇nci̇k, Abdurrahi̇m Tanju Göksoy, Zeki̇ Meti̇n Turan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to investigate the yield response of 2 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars to different planting dates and plant populations and to examine the relationships of seed yield with leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) during the vegetative and reproductive periods for planting dates, plant populations, and cultivars. Two soybean cultivars, A-3127 (early maturity group, MG-III) and 1530 (late maturity group, MG-IV), were planted in 2 planting dates; mid-April and mid-May during 2005 and 2006 at high (660,000 plant ha^{-1}) and low (330,000 plant ha^{-1}) plant populations. Plantings in mid-April increased seed …

Investigations On The Pollen Morphology Of Some Fruit Species, Yasemi̇n Evrenosoğlu, Adalet Misirli

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Morphological characters are used to identify plant material. Pollen morphology is an important parameter. This is of great importance in detailed investigations by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In order to develop a plant material identification tool, this research was carried out to determine the pollen morphology of some fruit species using SEM on apple, pear, quince, apricot, plum, peach, almond, chestnut, walnut, pomegranate, and persimmon cultivars. The surface features, as well as length, width, and P/E ratio of pollen were observed. Pollen length and width changed with investigated species and cultivars; the longest and widest pollen grains were detected in …

Fumigant Toxicity Of Plant Essential Oils And Selected Monoterpenoid Components Against The Adult German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), Hasan Tunaz, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er, Ali̇ Arda Işikber

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The fumigant toxicity of various essential oils and selected monoterpenoid components were tested against the adult German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Responses varied according to plant material, concentration, and exposure time. High insecticidal activity against adult B. germanica specimens was achieved with allyl isothiocyanate (component of horseradish) and the essential oil of Allium sativum (L.) (Liliales: Liliaceae) at the concentration of 2.5 and 5 \mul l^{-1} of air, respectively, while the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris (L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Oregano dubium (L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Allium cepa (L.) (Liliales: Liliaceae), and Rosemarinus officinalis (L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and the monoterpenoid …

Determination Of The Head Losses In Metal Body Disc Filters Used In Drip Irrigation Systems, Vedat Demi̇r, Hüseyi̇n Yürdem, Arzu Yazgi, Adnan Deği̇rmenci̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of this study was to determine the head losses in several type metal body disc filters manufactured by domestic companies. In order to meet the objective, three different filter designs (L, LT and Y type), each at four different inlet and outlet pipe diameters, were used to measure the head losses at different flow rates in the laboratory. A total of sixteen filters manufactured by three domestic companies (A, B and C) and two different disc elements (linear and curly) were taken into consideration in this study. A comparison of the different filter designs in terms of measured …

Agronomic Trait Assessment And Selection For Number Of Capsules In Determinate X Indeterminate Crosses Of Sesame, M. İlhan Çağirgan, Selçuk Özerden, M. Onur Özbaş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Despite the progress, improved determinate (dt/dt) lines of sesame are still low yielding. Further improvement may be achieved by crossing locally adapted indeterminate cultivars with desirable determinates from a broad-based composite population. In order to test this hypothesis, 43 F_2 base populations from these kinds of crosses were generated and a distinct variability among populations was observed for seed yield and other traits. A 20% positive selection for number of capsules as the most yield-related component was applied to the pairs of determinate and indeterminate segregating in each population. Although seed yield per plant, number of capsules per plant and …

Reproduction And Survival Of Overwintered And F_1 Generation Of Two Egg Parasitoids Of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster Integriceps Put. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), Şener Tarla, Serpi̇l Kornoşor

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The differences in the reproductive biology of overwintered (OW) and F_1 generation of Trissolcus semistriatus Nees and T. festivae Victorov (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The experiments were conducted to evaluate oviposition period, lifetime fecundity, female progeny, sex ratio, and longevity of OW and F_1 generation with the two species as factors. The results of this study showed that the oviposition period of F_1 generation was longer than that of OW females for both of the two parasitoid species. With the exception of F_1 generation of T. festivae, the highest daily average progeny production of females was recorded …

Orthotomicus Tridentatus Eggers: Distribution And Biology In Cedar Forests Of Turkey, Mustafa Avci, Oğuzhan Sarikaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Orthotomicus tridentatus Eggers, 1921 (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is the most important forest pest of cedar stands in Turkey. Yet, very little is known about its distribution and biology. Therefore, the distribution and biological characteristics of O. tridentatus were studied in the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey between 2006 and 2008. It was determined to be a species common to all cedar forests. The length of adults was between 2.5 and 3.9 mm and the main galleries were 'S' shaped. O. tridentatus was determined to be a monophagus species for Cedrus libani A. Rich. and as endemic to Turkey. It was …

Isolation And Functional Characterization Of Two Rapeseed Genes Orthologous To Arabidopsis Thaliana Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase 2, Yu Ni, Yan-Zhen Dong, Guan-Rong Li, Bo Lei, You-Rong Chai, Jia-Na Li

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 genes (BnPAL2-1 and BnPAL2-2) were isolated. The full-length cDNAs of BnPAL2-1 and BnPAL2-2 are 2422 bp and 2421 bp, with corresponding genomic sequences of 2735 bp and 2742 bp, respectively. Clues from NCBI BLAST, multi-alignment, the phylogenetic tree, conserved domains, preferential amino acids, and tertiary structures all indicated that they are orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana PAL2 (AtPAL2). The purified His-tagged BnPAL2-1 and BnPAL2-2 proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli, were both active for PAL catabolism, but BnPAL2-2 was much more active than BnPAL2-1. Southern blot analysis showed that the BnPAL2 subfamily might contain …

The Phylogenetic Relationship Between Populations Of Marginally And Sympatrically Located Pinus Halepensis Mill. And Pinus Brutia Ten. In Turkey, Based On The Its-2 Region, Cansu Özge Tozkar, Sertaç Önde, Zeki̇ Kaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is a widespread and important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western, and northwestern Turkey, while the natural occurrence of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is restricted to 2 locations and is found sympatrically with Turkish red pine. In the present study sympatric populations of both species from Muğla and Adana provinces in Turkey were sampled, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region of ribosomal DNA was comparatively studied with sequence analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated 100% of total molecular variation between the species in Muğla province, versus only 50.65% …

Molecular Characterization And Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Citrus Cultivars By Rapd Markers, M. N. R. Baig, Sapna Grewal, Santosh Dhillon

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity and inter-relationship among 18 citrus cultivars, including 13 species and 5 hybrids. Out of 40 decamer primers screened, 25 were selected which produced 250 markers; of which 231 were polymorphic and some species or cultivar specific RAPD markers. The Jaccard coefficient was used to calculate the genetic similarity. UPGMA was used to generate the dendrogram which clearly separated Jatti-Khatti from all major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.61. The average genetic similarity value observed across all the genotypes was 0.63, with the 2 sweet orange cultivars, Jaffa …

Multiple Resistance, Detoxifying Enzyme Activity, And Inheritance Of Abamectin Resistance In Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Si̇bel Yorulmaz, Recep Ay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism of abamectin resistance in a Tetranychus urticae Koch population collected from a bean greenhouse (BEYO 2) in Beyobası village in Gazipaşa district, Antalya province, and maintained in the laboratory. LC_{50, 60, 90} levels of BEYO 2 population of T. urticae were determined using a dry film method. The LC50 level of the BEYO 2 strain with abamectin was selected 15 times and was increased from 2.42 µL 100 mL^{-1} water to 38.67 µL 100 mL^{-1} water. A selected strain showing 35.05-fold resistance was named ABA 15 strain. It was investigated whether the resistant …