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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture
Grain Banks In South Dakota, Harlan J. Dirks
Grain Banks In South Dakota, Harlan J. Dirks
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Grain banking is a relatively new feed merchandising technique being used by country elevators in South Dakota. In simple terms, grain banking is any kind of an arrangement whereby farmers deposit feed grain at the elevator, and later withdraw it in one form or another, generally as mixed feed. Many country elevators have shown interest in grain banking as a means of utilizing surplus storage capacity and expanding services offered to farmers. Because of this interest, information is needed to guide elevator managers in developing more efficient and uniform methods of grain banking. This study obtained information about the operating …
Managing Change In The Livestock Industry Of South Dakota: Papers Presented At The Fourth Annual Agri-Business Day 1965, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University
Managing Change In The Livestock Industry Of South Dakota: Papers Presented At The Fourth Annual Agri-Business Day 1965, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
It is appropriate that the annual agri-business day program address itself to the current status and future potential of South Dakota's largest industry, the meat animal business. The 1965 program is the fourth in a series designed to probe opportunities for increased economic development of human and physical resources in our state. If maximum development is to take place, we must study every resource, discuss it, and then determine how we might harness it to fit man's social, cultural, and economic goals. South Dakota State University is proud of its long tradition of helping individuals and groups solve problems. But …
An Analysis Of Economic Factors And Institutions Affecting The Productivity Of South Dakota Land And Water Resources For Upland Game Birds And Migratory Waterfowl, Arthur J. Matson
An Analysis Of Economic Factors And Institutions Affecting The Productivity Of South Dakota Land And Water Resources For Upland Game Birds And Migratory Waterfowl, Arthur J. Matson
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
This study examines the role of government at the state level in the allocation of land and water resources which supply recreational products for which there is economic demand. Two approaches are employed with special reference to South Dakota. One approach considers the productivities of resources which provide goods and services according to consumer choice. The other approach analyzes policy decisions and the means by which society, organized through government, is able to move toward a goal of maximization of satisfactions. The two approaches are highly interrelated. Attention is given (1) to the jurisdiction of a state over the factors …
South Dakota Agriculture And Its Problems, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University
South Dakota Agriculture And Its Problems, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
The significant characteristics of the economy of South Dakota are: (1) the dominant role of agriculture in the state (2) the erratic nature of its agricultural production and (3) the decrease in economic activity and population as one moves from the southeastern to the northwestern part of the state. In I960, 61 percent of the population was classified as rural by the Census Bureau. This includes towns under 2,500 population. Only North Dakota has a greater percentage of its population living in rural areas The saying that "you can't keep them home on the farm" is as appropriate to South …
Community And Commercial Benefits From Water Resource Development Of The Oahe Area, Rex D. Helfinstine
Community And Commercial Benefits From Water Resource Development Of The Oahe Area, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
The recently completed Oahe dam across the Missouri river near Pierre is storing water potentially useful for developing the economy of north central South Dakota. Such water if used within the State for improving the agricultural productivity of the region could be expected to increase the volume of business in towns within or near the Oahe area and to improve industrial and municipal water supplies. This leaves the objectives of this study as follows: estimate the change in business activity within and near the project area; assess the value of adequate municipal and industrial water supplies for expansion purposes; and …
International Trade In Cattle And Beef Products With Emphasis On The Effects Of The European Economic Community On The South Dakota Economy, Harold F. Bjarnson
International Trade In Cattle And Beef Products With Emphasis On The Effects Of The European Economic Community On The South Dakota Economy, Harold F. Bjarnson
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
The purpose of this thesis is to estimate the extent to which selected European Economic Community (EEC) agricultural policy alternatives would affect United States imports and exports of cattle and beef products, and to hazard conclusions concerning the effects of the various EEC policies on the South Dakota cattlemen. This involves an examination of United States trade in these commodities and of alternative Common Market policies and the future trade patterns which would result from each. It is hoped that the facts assembled herein concerning international trade in cattle and beef products will be of assistance to South Dakota ranchers, …
Increasing Income From South Dakota Resources: Papers Presented At The Third Annual Agri-Business Day, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University
Increasing Income From South Dakota Resources: Papers Presented At The Third Annual Agri-Business Day, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
As increasing income is closely related to resource development, the Agri-Business Day Program was structured to include a consideration of resources most directly influencing levels of personal income. This program was divided into three major parts. The first primarily concerned ways to expand economic activity and higher levels of income through development of human resources. Human resource development was placed at the head of the program as it is recognized that all economic development has its inception in the thinking processes of man. The second part of the program was built around ways of generating income through the development of …
An Appraisal Of The Use Of Soil Survey Information As The Basis For Valuing Land For Tax Purposes In Spink County, South Dakota, Donald Dean Patterson
An Appraisal Of The Use Of Soil Survey Information As The Basis For Valuing Land For Tax Purposes In Spink County, South Dakota, Donald Dean Patterson
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
There is, however, strong justification for enacting modifications in the structure of the property tax and seeking means of strengthening its administration. Historical trends are of special interest when studying the property tax because it has survived with few modifications during a period of changing economic conditions. Since its adoption in Colonial times, the nation's economy has passed from the agricultural to the present industrial stage. Many of today's property tax problems are related to those gradual changes in the economy of the country and in the needs of its citizens. These aspects of the property tax are also related …
Comparison Of Alternative Beef Cattle Systems For Western South Dakota Ranches, Grant L. Cornelius
Comparison Of Alternative Beef Cattle Systems For Western South Dakota Ranches, Grant L. Cornelius
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Speculation often arises among ranchers that an increase in size of operation, a change from one type of system to another, or a modification of the present type of system may be profitable. This speculation is caused by cost and price changes which reduce net returns and make other types of operations appear to be more profitable. The objective of this study is to develop cost and return estimates of common types of cattle ranching systems and thereby determine whether such speculation is well founded.
Marketing And Other Factors Affecting The Cattle Feeding Enterprise In Eastern South Dakota, Gerald Marousek
Marketing And Other Factors Affecting The Cattle Feeding Enterprise In Eastern South Dakota, Gerald Marousek
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
The marketing aspects of the cattle feeding operation are vitally important to its financial success. Decisions concerning transportation rates, grade specifications, market information, and many others cannot be made or put into effect by individual action. Often financial, legislative, and legal considerations are involved. In order to gain knowledge concerning the marketing aspects of cattle feeding in South Dakota, the cooperation of established feeders was sought. Cooperators supplied information on present and expected future operations, both individual and for the geographic area over which they had knowledge.
Cost Of Producing And Marketing Finished Beef In Relation To Consuming Areas, David A. Myers
Cost Of Producing And Marketing Finished Beef In Relation To Consuming Areas, David A. Myers
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
South Dakota exports a large part of its agricultural production. The commodities exported and the form in which they are exported are determinants of the returns producers receive for the employment of their resources. The objectives of this study were: (1) To determine the principal costs for bringing beef cattle from 400 pound weight to a finished weight of 1150 pounds in South Dakota and in other selected areas. Two main categories of cost are purchase price of the animal and feed costs. (2) To compare the cost of marketing beef produced in South Dakota with beef produced in selected …
Variability Of Feed Grain And Forage Production In South Dakota, Edward Dailey
Variability Of Feed Grain And Forage Production In South Dakota, Edward Dailey
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
The volume of feed grain and roughage production varies from year to year and the variation in South Dakota is sizable. This variation has a bearing on the extent to which cattle feeding is carried out in South Dakota. It helps to explain why different areas or regions have unlike rates of expansion. It is important that this variation be recognized for there are a number of sound farm management practices which can be used to reduce instability and uncertainty. Feeders in some areas must make more provisions to increase stability than others. Stabilization of feed grain and roughage availability …
Yearly Maximum Mean, Minimum Mean, And Yearly Mean Temperatures For 58 South Dakota Weather Stations Together With Daily Frequencies For Each Year. Maximum Temperatures Of 90 Degrees Or Higher And 32 Degrees Or Lower. Also Daily Frequencies Of Minimum Temperatures Of 32 Degrees Or Lower And 0 Degrees Or Lower, Ray F. Pengra, W. F. Lyle
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Annual temperature data for 58 South Dakota weather stations are presented. Station tables are arranged in alphabetical order. Maximum and minimum means are not figured when less than 335 observations for any year were reported at a station. Frequencies during the year of maximum temperatures of 90 degrees F or higher as well as maximum temperatures of 32 degrees or lower are listed. For minimum temperatures, yearly frequencies of 32 degrees F or lower and minimum temperatures of 0 degrees F or lower are presented followed by the yearly mean for all years for each station during which there were …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part A Corn, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part A Corn, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part E All Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part E All Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part H Rye, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part H Rye, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part D Other Spring Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part D Other Spring Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part F Oats, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part F Oats, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part B Winter Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part B Winter Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part M All Tame Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part M All Tame Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part G Barley, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part G Barley, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part C Durum Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part C Durum Wheat, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part L All Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part L All Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part I Flax, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part I Flax, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part J Alfalfa Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part J Alfalfa Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part K Wild Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Crop Acreage, Yields And Production In South Dakota 1926 - 1960 (By Economic Areas And Counties) Part K Wild Hay, Ray F. Pengra, Rex D. Helfinstine
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Tables were made up for 13 crops for each county in South Dakota and for each of 7 different economic areas by combining the data for the counties within each area. The crops assessed include: corn, winter wheat, durum wheat, other spring wheat, all wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, alfalfa, wild hay, all hay, and all tame hay. Tables for county and economic information specific to each of the above crops are included in pamphlets A-M respectively. Data for harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre, and production of principle crops grown in South Dakota from 1900-1960 are also incorporated into …
Farm Business Management Data And Practices In South Dakota: 1959 Annual Reort, Charles H. Benrud
Farm Business Management Data And Practices In South Dakota: 1959 Annual Reort, Charles H. Benrud
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
This pamphlet is the annual summary of the project "Farm Business Management Data and Practices in South Dakota," for 1959. This was the fourth full year of operation of this project. The purpose of this project is to obtain data on costs, return, and organization on farms and ranches in all parts of the state. This data is used by the Extension Service, the Experiment Station, and the College proper for use in farm budgeting and planning and in farm management courses. Along with this, the individual cooperator is able to use this data to improve the efficiency of his …
Interregional Competition In Alfalfa Seed Production In The United States, Charles H. Benrud
Interregional Competition In Alfalfa Seed Production In The United States, Charles H. Benrud
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
“Northern” alfalfa, produced in South Dakota and its neighboring states, has long been noted for its hardy winter-resistant qualities. As a result, for many years its seed was sought after by farmers in all of the northern states in preference to any other. In recent years, however, new "synthetic" varieties have been developed. Certified seed of these varieties has been produced in large quantities in other parts of the United States and sold in competition with Northern seed. In an effort to help Northern producers solve their problems, research has been carried on by the South Dakota State College Agricultural …
Least-Cost Sites For Cooperative Egg Marketing Federations For Eastern South Dakota, John S. Arnold
Least-Cost Sites For Cooperative Egg Marketing Federations For Eastern South Dakota, John S. Arnold
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Traditional outlets for South Dakota eggs, outside the Midwest, are being offered greater supplies of quality eggs by nearby producers than before. As a result. South Dakota has lost much of its Eastern market and may lose its Western market. A number of cooperative associations have expressed an interest in developing more efficient egg marketing systems. Improved cooperative marketing would create increased bargaining power and higher net returns for many producers. Cooperatives have played an important function in South Dakota egg marketing for many years. Cooperatives in other parts of the country have formed federations to increase cooperative egg marketing …
Comparisons Of The Profitability Of Certified And Uncertified Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota, Arnold Lyle Aspelin
Comparisons Of The Profitability Of Certified And Uncertified Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota, Arnold Lyle Aspelin
Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)
Alfalfa is one of the most important crops grown in South Dakota. Approximately two per cent of the total alfalfa acreage harvested for seed in South Dakota during recent years has produced certified seed. The other 98 percent has produced uncertified seed, commonly referred to as "Northern" alfalfa seed. Until 1952, uncertified Northern alfalfa seed found a ready market in areas where winter hardiness is necessary. Since that time the demand for this seed has declined markedly. The problem which has arisen requires an answer to the question: "Can South Dakota seed producers obtain greater net returns by producing certified …