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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

Excavations At Tel Shunem (Sulam), Areas G And G1 (Pp. 25–62), Karen Covello-Paran, Eran Arie Jan 2025

Excavations At Tel Shunem (Sulam), Areas G And G1 (Pp. 25–62), Karen Covello-Paran, Eran Arie

'Atiqot

The excavation revealed five strata, dating from Late Bronze Age III (Stratum V), early Iron Age I (Stratum IV), Iron Age I (Stratum III/3), and the Roman (Stratum 2), Byzantine (Stratum III/1) and modern (Stratum I) periods. The ceramic assemblage of the LB III stratum is characteristic of the end of Egyptian rule in Canaan (Dynasty XX). This Canaanite site was destroyed in the second half of the twelfth century BCE, probably as part of the collapse of Egyptian rule in Canaan. A successive occupation of the site occurred during Iron I, as indicated by the pottery assemblage and supported …


Petrographic Examination Of The Ceramic Vessels From Tel Shunem (Sulam) (Pp. 63–68), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Petrographic Examination Of The Ceramic Vessels From Tel Shunem (Sulam) (Pp. 63–68), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

A total of 20 ceramic vessels dating to LB III–Iron I were sampled for petrographic examination. The results of the examination were compared with the natural geology and lithology of the surroundings, existing petrographic databases and prior research results. Five petrographic groups were identified according to their matrix and temper affinities: Groups 1–3 were locally made, Group 4 was produced in the upper and central Jordan Valley and Group 5 was probably imported from the South Lebanese coast.


A Note On The Provenance Of Black Wheel-Made Vessels From A Burial Cave West Of Tel Hazor (Pp. 21–23), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

A Note On The Provenance Of Black Wheel-Made Vessels From A Burial Cave West Of Tel Hazor (Pp. 21–23), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

A petrographic analysis was undertaken to determine the source of the raw materials used in the production of the Intermediate Bronze Age Black Wheel-Made Ware (BWMW) vessels retrieved from a burial cave west of Tel Hazor. The BWMW repertoire is limited to goblets, cups, jars, kraters, teapots and bottles; its distribution seems to be largely restricted to northern Israel, particularly to the Hula Valley. The aims of this study were to identify the raw materials that were used to manufacture the selected vessels, determine their geological sources and assess possible geographic regions of manufacture.


A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And The Middle Bronze Age West Of Tel Hazor (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, Pp. 119–120), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And The Middle Bronze Age West Of Tel Hazor (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, Pp. 119–120), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

The burial cave was hewn into the side of a chalk spur southwest of the large rampart in the Lower City of Hazor. The entry to the cave was via a square shaft, at the bottom of which was an opening that led into a rectangular chamber, followed by another, elliptically-shaped chamber with a central stone platform. The two chambers yielded skeletal remains of at least seven children and adults, as well as potsherds and limestone beads from the Intermediate Bronze Age, and an intact jar and a jug from early in the Middle Bronze Age. It seems that the …


An Early Bronze Age I–Early Bronze Age Iii Occupation Sequence At Tamra, Western Galilee (With A Contribution By Ofer Marder)(Pp. 1–19), Howard Smithline Jan 2025

An Early Bronze Age I–Early Bronze Age Iii Occupation Sequence At Tamra, Western Galilee (With A Contribution By Ofer Marder)(Pp. 1–19), Howard Smithline

'Atiqot

The excavation at Tamra yielded important information concerning the Early Bronze Age on the eastern edge of the ‘Akko plain. The first recognizable settlement was established during EB IB. This phase was followed by an EB II settlement, whose pottery assemblage was typically dominated by a large number of Metallic Ware vessels. The major contribution of the excavation, however, is the documentation of an established settlement during EB III. The discovery of an EB III occupation that includes Khirbet Kerak Ware finally introduces this period and its pottery repertoire into the plain.


A Late Byzantine Industrial Quarter And Early Islamic-Period Finds At Ḥorbat Be’Er Shema‘ (Pp. 209–248), Tali Erickson-Gini, Benjamin J. Dolinka, Larissa Shilov Jan 2025

A Late Byzantine Industrial Quarter And Early Islamic-Period Finds At Ḥorbat Be’Er Shema‘ (Pp. 209–248), Tali Erickson-Gini, Benjamin J. Dolinka, Larissa Shilov

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Magnetic Prospecting Of Archaeological Targets At Ḥorbat Be’Er Shema‘ (Pp. 249–253), Sonia Itkis Jan 2025

Magnetic Prospecting Of Archaeological Targets At Ḥorbat Be’Er Shema‘ (Pp. 249–253), Sonia Itkis

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Glass Vessels From The Monastery At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 199–204), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Monastery At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 199–204), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


The Skeletal Remains From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 205–208), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 205–208), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


The Inscription From Khirbat Umm Leisun, And Georgian Presence In The Holy Land (Pp. 185–193), Tamila Mgaloblishvili Jan 2025

The Inscription From Khirbat Umm Leisun, And Georgian Presence In The Holy Land (Pp. 185–193), Tamila Mgaloblishvili

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Bishop Iohane From Khirbat Umm Leisun And The Caucasian Albanian Church (Pp. 195–197), Yana Tchekhanovets Jan 2025

Bishop Iohane From Khirbat Umm Leisun And The Caucasian Albanian Church (Pp. 195–197), Yana Tchekhanovets

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Georgian Monastery From The Byzantine Period At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Jon Seligman And Iulon Gagoshidze) (Pp. 145–179), Jon Seligman Jan 2025

A Georgian Monastery From The Byzantine Period At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Jon Seligman And Iulon Gagoshidze) (Pp. 145–179), Jon Seligman

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Paleographic Study Of The Georgian Tombstone From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 181–184), Giorgi Gagoshidze Jan 2025

Paleographic Study Of The Georgian Tombstone From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 181–184), Giorgi Gagoshidze

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


The Coins From Meron (Pp. 143–144), Danny Syon Jan 2025

The Coins From Meron (Pp. 143–144), Danny Syon

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Roman Burial Caves At I‘Billin (With A Contribution By Irina Segal) (Pp. 93–123), Nurit Feig, Shulamit Hadad Jan 2025

Roman Burial Caves At I‘Billin (With A Contribution By Irina Segal) (Pp. 93–123), Nurit Feig, Shulamit Hadad

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Meron: A Late Roman–Ottoman Settlement (Pp. 125–142), Howard Smithline Jan 2025

Meron: A Late Roman–Ottoman Settlement (Pp. 125–142), Howard Smithline

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Two Seasons Of Rescue And Exploratory Excavations At Ḥorbat ‘Avot, Upper Galilee (With A Contribution By Orit Shamir) (Pp. 1–66), Eliot Braun Jan 2025

Two Seasons Of Rescue And Exploratory Excavations At Ḥorbat ‘Avot, Upper Galilee (With A Contribution By Orit Shamir) (Pp. 1–66), Eliot Braun

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Pottery Workshop At Ahihud And Its Relationship To The Jar Industry In The Northeastern Zevulun Valley And Western Galilee During The Roman Period (Pp. 67–92), Dina Avshalom-Gorni, Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

A Pottery Workshop At Ahihud And Its Relationship To The Jar Industry In The Northeastern Zevulun Valley And Western Galilee During The Roman Period (Pp. 67–92), Dina Avshalom-Gorni, Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Tomb From The Early Bronze Age I And The Intermediate Bronze Age At Azor (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, P. 255), Eli Yannai Jan 2025

A Tomb From The Early Bronze Age I And The Intermediate Bronze Age At Azor (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, P. 255), Eli Yannai

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Relative Chronology Of The Proto-Historic Remains At Naḥal Saflul 71 In The Gal‘Ed Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–20*; English Summary, Pp. 221–223), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Relative Chronology Of The Proto-Historic Remains At Naḥal Saflul 71 In The Gal‘Ed Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–20*; English Summary, Pp. 221–223), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Two areas were excavated (A, B) at the site, and a report on Meir’s Excavation C (1976–1982) is included as well. Six round, rock-hewn pits were exposed in Area A, all of which probably belong to one system. In Area B, three natural steps were found on bedrock, as well as part of a pressing installation(?) for wine or oil production. Areas A and B were covered with gray soil that contained stones, potsherds, flint items and animal bones. The site also yielded limestone and basalt vessels, pottery spindle weights, bone points and archaeozoological remains. The pottery at the site …


A Burial Cave Of The Late Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I At Midrakh ‘Oz, Western Jezreel Valley (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–46*, English Summary, Pp. 224–225), Nimrod Getzov, Yossi Nagar Israel Antiquities Authority, Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

A Burial Cave Of The Late Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I At Midrakh ‘Oz, Western Jezreel Valley (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–46*, English Summary, Pp. 224–225), Nimrod Getzov, Yossi Nagar Israel Antiquities Authority, Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

Remains of a natural cave that was used for burial were exposed north of Moshav Midrakh ‘Oz. Four strata were identified: Strata IV and II contained finds from the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze I periods respectively; Strata I and III were sterile. The majority of the finds comprise pottery vessels from both occupation periods, as well as skeletal remains of approximately 50 individuals. Stratum IV contained ossuary fragments, V-shaped bowls, a flint blade and beads. The finds in Stratum II included pottery vessels, a clay disk, beads, sickle blades, a dagger and human bones. This is the first Chalcolithic …


Excavations At Tel Lod: Remains From The Pottery Neolithic A, Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age I, Middle Bronze Age I And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 141–218), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Robert Kool, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis, Vladimir Zbenovich Jan 2025

Excavations At Tel Lod: Remains From The Pottery Neolithic A, Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age I, Middle Bronze Age I And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 141–218), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Robert Kool, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis, Vladimir Zbenovich

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations at the ancient tell of Lod revealed six strata (I–VI). Stratum I consisted of much-disturbed topsoil. The partial remains of three buildings were uncovered in Stratum II, dated to the Byzantine period. Stratum III consisted of sand deposits with a high concentration of MB I potsherds. Stratum IV represented the main phase of human occupation at the site, containing the remains of two superimposed settlements (Strata IVa, IVb), dating from the later phases of EB I. Stratum IVa revealed segments of three sundried mud-brick walls, lacking stone foundations; a large storage jar was found sunk into a …


Tell Qasile (North): Remains Of A Pre-Ghassulian Structure On Fichmann Street, Tel Aviv (Pp. 131–139), Ronit Lupu, Ayelet Dayan Israel Antiquities Authority Jan 2025

Tell Qasile (North): Remains Of A Pre-Ghassulian Structure On Fichmann Street, Tel Aviv (Pp. 131–139), Ronit Lupu, Ayelet Dayan Israel Antiquities Authority

'Atiqot

The excavation revealed remains of walls, living surfaces, pottery sherds, flint artifacts, stone vessels and animal bones that can be attributed mainly to Pre-Ghassulian entities dating within the first half of the fifth millennium BCE. The small assemblage of finds from the site suggests a chrono-cultural attribution within the transitional period between the late Wadi Rabah and the beginning of the Ghassulian Chalcolithic cultures. The faunal assemblage comprises mainly sheep/goat remains, as well as a single hippopotamus(?) bone. The site represents an important milestone in the research of late prehistory in the Tel Aviv area, attesting to the presence of …


Abu Ghosh, Jasmine Street: A Pre-Ghassulian Site In The Judean Hills (Pp. 85–130), Ianir Milevski, Ofer Marder, Henk K. Mienis, Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

Abu Ghosh, Jasmine Street: A Pre-Ghassulian Site In The Judean Hills (Pp. 85–130), Ianir Milevski, Ofer Marder, Henk K. Mienis, Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

The excavations at Abu Ghosh revealed two phases dated to the Pre-Ghassulian period, between the end of the sixth millennium and the mid-fifth millenium BCE. Three archaeological-sedimentary layers were identified at the site: Layer I—topsoil, Layer II—possibly EB I, and Layer III—Pre-Ghassulian. The architecture of Layer III consisted of rectilinear units, with apparent passages and entrances between them, whose walls were built on stone foundations. Most of the pottery shows affinities with the Qatifian-Besorian horizons typical of southern sites. The lithic assemblages are characterized by sickle blades, bifacials and perforators. The groundstone tools and stone bowls are characteristic of repertories …


Beisamun: An Early Pottery Neolithic Site In The Hula Basin (Pp. 1–61), Hamoudi Khalaily, Tali Kuperman, Nimrod Marom, Ianir Milevski, Dmitry Yegorov Jan 2025

Beisamun: An Early Pottery Neolithic Site In The Hula Basin (Pp. 1–61), Hamoudi Khalaily, Tali Kuperman, Nimrod Marom, Ianir Milevski, Dmitry Yegorov

'Atiqot

The excavation was conducted along the western fringes of the site of Beisamun. Three areas were opened (Areas A–C), revealing four layers. Layer I, the upper layer, is a dark brown clayey soil, which contained few archaeological finds. Layer II is a gray-brown clayey soil, rich in organic material and ash—most of the artifacts and architectural remains, dating to the Pottery Neolithic, were found in this layer. Layer III (in Area C) was rich in architectural remains dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. The lowest layer (Layer III in Areas A and B; Layer IV in Area C) is of …


Neolithic Flint Workshops At Giv‘At Rabi (East) In Lower Galilee (Pp. 63–83), Omry Barzilai, Ianir Milevski Israel Antiquities Authority Jan 2025

Neolithic Flint Workshops At Giv‘At Rabi (East) In Lower Galilee (Pp. 63–83), Omry Barzilai, Ianir Milevski Israel Antiquities Authority

'Atiqot

This article presents the flint assemblages from the Neolithic workshops exposed at Giv‘at Rabi (East), which produced bidirectional blades, unidirectional blades and bifacial tools. The Neolithic blades were produced from wide cores with relatively few preparations. The bifacial tools included unfinished and finished cortical axes and adzes. These techno-typological characteristics suggest that the workshops at Giv‘at Rabi (East) should be dated to the Final Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB) and the Early Pottery Neolithic (PN) periods. The discovery of the Neolithic workshops at Giv‘at Rabi (East) contributes to our understanding of the organization of the lithic industries in the region of Lower …


Excavations At The Dar El-Gharbiya Neighborhood Of Kafr Yasif: A Crusader Estate In The Territory Of ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen)(Pp. 233–261), Danny Syon, Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

Excavations At The Dar El-Gharbiya Neighborhood Of Kafr Yasif: A Crusader Estate In The Territory Of ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen)(Pp. 233–261), Danny Syon, Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

Six excavation squares and three test trenches were opened. In Square A, a building was unearthed, probably first constructed in the Byzantine period and reused, probably as a stable, in the Crusader period (twelfth century); the last phase of the building (also a stable?) dates to the Mamluk period (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries). The earliest architectural stratum in Squares B and D dates to the late Byzantine or Early Islamic period, followed by an architectural phase from the Crusader period (the twelfth century); the last phase, including a water system, dates to the Mamluk period. Square C contained a large quantity of …


Skeletal Remains From The Gezer–Ramla Aqueduct (Qanat Bint Al-Kafir) (Pp. 231–232), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Skeletal Remains From The Gezer–Ramla Aqueduct (Qanat Bint Al-Kafir) (Pp. 231–232), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

During the excavation of the Gezer–Ramla aqueduct, human skeletal remains were found in simple pit graves, dated to the Late Islamic or Mamluk period. Each grave contained a single individual in primary burial, on their right side, in an east–west direction, with the head in the west facing south. This burial custom is typical of a Muslim population.


A Section Of The Gezer–Ramla Aqueduct (Qanat Bint Al-Kafir) And A Mamluk-Period Cemetery Near Moshav Yashresh (Pp. 213–230), Amir Gorzalczany Jan 2025

A Section Of The Gezer–Ramla Aqueduct (Qanat Bint Al-Kafir) And A Mamluk-Period Cemetery Near Moshav Yashresh (Pp. 213–230), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

The excavation exposed the excellently preserved remains of a section of the Gezer–Ramla aqueduct (Area B), as well as nine pit graves (Areas A, B). This section of the aqueduct, generally oriented southwest–northeast, was exposed along c. 150 m; two maintenance shafts were located along its course. It is the northernmost part of the Umayyad-period aqueduct to Ramla found to date. It may have been a secondary branch that split from the main channel and headed toward the water cisterns in the White Mosque area or the industrial area excavated in a neighborhood south of Ramla. After use of the …


Human Skeletal Remains From Tombs At Kursi-Gergesa (Pp. 209–212), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From Tombs At Kursi-Gergesa (Pp. 209–212), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human remains were found in three burial chambers and one cist tomb at Kursi, dated to the Byzantine period. Based on anthropological analysis, at least 69 individuals, including infants, children and adults of both sexes, were identified. The finds at Kursi might suggest that the people buried at the site were of foreign origin (pilgrims?).