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Articles 931 - 960 of 1038

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Taxonomic And Faunistic Studies Of The Fauna Of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) In The Region Of Edirne, Meral Fent, Ni̇hat Aktaç Jan 1999

Taxonomic And Faunistic Studies Of The Fauna Of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) In The Region Of Edirne, Meral Fent, Ni̇hat Aktaç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Studies were carried out to establish the family of Pentatomidae within 50 localities in Edirne and its provinces during the seasons of spring, summer and autumn of 1992-1994. Thus, 7 species, 6 genus of Podopinae; 2 species, 2 genus of Asopinae; 25 species, 16 genus of Pentatominae and as a total of 34 species, 24 genus, 3 subfamilies, belong to the family of Pentatomidae were determined. Moreover, with regard to the locality numbers, Sciocoris (Aposciocoris) luteolus, Aelia virgata, Arma custos, Mustha spinosula and Neottiglossa bifida have also been accepted to have rare distribution. Whereas, Dolycoris baccarum, Carpocoris mediterraneus, C. purpureipennis, …

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On Specimens Of Lacerta Cappadocica Werner, 1902 (Sauria: Lacertidae) Collected From Ihlara Valley (Aksaray), Yusuf Kumlutaş, Kurtuluş Olgun Jan 1999

On Specimens Of Lacerta Cappadocica Werner, 1902 (Sauria: Lacertidae) Collected From Ihlara Valley (Aksaray), Yusuf Kumlutaş, Kurtuluş Olgun

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, a total of 29 specimens (16 males, 10 females and 3 juvenile) collected from Ihlara Valley were examined. The study was based on pholidosis, coloration and pattern, and body measurement as well as ecological and biologic observations. In conclusion it was determened that the population in the vicinity of Aksaray possess the same features as the nominate subspecies.

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Taxonomic Studies On The Species Of Ceutorrhyncidius, Ceutorrhynchus And Zacladus Of The Subfamily Ceutorrhynchinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) From Central Anatolia, Osman Sert, Neşe Çağatay Jan 1999

Taxonomic Studies On The Species Of Ceutorrhyncidius, Ceutorrhynchus And Zacladus Of The Subfamily Ceutorrhynchinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) From Central Anatolia, Osman Sert, Neşe Çağatay

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the keys, morphological descriptions, World and Turkey's distributions and their hosts of the species Ceuthorrhynchidius horridus Panzer, Ceuthorrhynchus (Glocianus) albovittatus Germar, C. (Mogulones) javeti Ch. Brisout, Ceuthorrhynchus (s. str.) picitarsis Gyllenhal, C. (s. str.) similis Ch. Brisout, C. (s. str.) sulcicollis Paykull, C. (Hadroplantus) trimaculatus Fabricius and Zacladus asperatus Gyllenhal are given. The male genitalia are illustrated with the figures and described. The male genital characters of these species are discussed on the level of species and other categories.

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Nomenclatural Novelties In Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae), Donald Padgett Jan 1999

Nomenclatural Novelties In Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae), Donald Padgett

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent revisionary and cladistic studies in Nuphar Sm. resulted in the following nomenclatural amendments: two novel sections are described (sect. Nuphar and sect. Astylus), five new combinations are proposed (N. advena subsp. orbiculata, N. advena subsp. ozarkana, N. advena subsp. ulvacea, N. pumila subsp. sinensis, N. pumila subsp. oguraensis), and one species, N. oguraensis Miki, is lectotypified.

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A Study Of The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Meriones Persicus (Blanford, 1875) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak Jan 1999

A Study Of The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Meriones Persicus (Blanford, 1875) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, three live specimens captured around Oltu ( Erzurum ) were examined in terms of their morphological and karyological features. The diploid number of the chromosomes was 2n= 42, the fundamental number FN= 78 and the number of autosomal arms was FNa= 74. The X and Y chromosomes were both submetacentric in M. persicus. It was determined that the small white supraorbital spot found between the eyes and ears of the pelage, as well as karyological traits, distinguish Meriones persicus from Meriones tristrami. On the basis of morphological similarity, it was concluded that these taxa were sibling species.

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Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Viii. Monandromyces, A New Genus Based On Autophagomeces Microveliae(Laboulbeniales), Richard K. Benjamin Jan 1999

Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Viii. Monandromyces, A New Genus Based On Autophagomeces Microveliae(Laboulbeniales), Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A new genus of Laboulbeniales (Laboulbeniaceae: Stigmatomycetinae), Monandromyces, was described. Its type species, M. hemipteralis, was based on Autophagomyces hemipteralis. The latter, which parasitizes a riparian bug, a species of Microvelia (Heteroptera: Veliidae), was characterized by Roland Thaxter in 1931. Ten new species of Monandromyces- taken from members of three genera of Veliidae-were described as follows: M. australis, M. falcatus, M. polhemorum, M. protuberans, M. tenuistipitis, and M. umbonatus (on Microvelia spp.); M. neoalardi (on Neoalardus sp.); and M. elongates, M. longispinae, and M. pseudoveliae (on Pseudovelia spp.). Keys …

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An Expanded Circumscription Of Bouteloua (Gramineae: Choridoideae): New Combinations And Names, J. Travis Columbus Jan 1999

An Expanded Circumscription Of Bouteloua (Gramineae: Choridoideae): New Combinations And Names, J. Travis Columbus

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Cladistic analysis of nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences has revealed that the New World grass genus Bouteloua (Chloridoideae) is not monophyletic. Indeed, some species of Bouteloua are more closely related to species in other genera than to congeners. The problem was dealt with by expanding the circumscription of Bouteloua to include species formerly positioned in the satellite genera Buchloe (1 species), Buchlomimus/em> (1), Cathestecum/em> (4), Cyclostachya/em> (1), Griffithsochloa (1), Opizia (2), Pentarrhaphis (3), Pringleochloa (1), and Soderstromia(1). Thirteen new combinations and names were necessary. As here circumscribed, Bouteloua is monophyletic and comprises 57 species.

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Specimens Of Ophisops Elegans (Sauria:Lacertidae) Collected From Ihlara Valley (Aksaray), Kurtuluş Olgun, Cemal Varol Tok Jan 1999

Specimens Of Ophisops Elegans (Sauria:Lacertidae) Collected From Ihlara Valley (Aksaray), Kurtuluş Olgun, Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, a total of 30 specimens (15 , 15 ) collected from Ihlara Valley were examined for their taxonomic characteristics. The Ihlara population was compared with two nearby populations (Kayseri and Karaman), which are included in the distribution range of Ophisops elegans centralanatoliae. When pholidosis, coloration and pattern features were taken into consideration it was concluded that the Ihlara population can be included in the species Ophisops elegans centralanatoliae.

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Taxonomic Status Of Myotis Occultus, Ernest W. Valdez, Jerry R. Choate, Michael A. Bogan, Terry L. Yates Jan 1999

Taxonomic Status Of Myotis Occultus, Ernest W. Valdez, Jerry R. Choate, Michael A. Bogan, Terry L. Yates

Sternberg Museum of Natural History Faculty Publications

The taxonomic status of the Arizona myotis (Myotis occultus) is uncertain. Although the taxon was described as a distinct species and currently is regarded as such by some authors, others have noted what they interpreted as intergradation with the little brown bat (M. lucifugus carissima) near the Colorado-New Mexico state line. In this study, we used protein electrophoresis to compare bats of these nominal taxa. We examined 20 loci from 142 specimens referable to M. occultus and M. lucifugus from New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. Nine of the 20 loci were polymorphic. Results show that there were high similarities among …

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A Concise Taxonomic Revision Of The Genus Alopecurusl. (Gramineae), Musa Doğan Jan 1999

A Concise Taxonomic Revision Of The Genus Alopecurusl. (Gramineae), Musa Doğan

Turkish Journal of Botany

An account of 29 species and 12 subspecies identified in the genus AlopecurusL. is given including the genus description, a key for the species, species descriptions, flowering times, habitats, altitudes, type citations, citation of the specimens examined, general distributions and biogeography of the species.

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Macrofungi Of İzmir Province, Mehmet Hali̇l Solak, Mustafa Işiloğlu, Fahretti̇n Güci̇n, İsa Gökler Jan 1999

Macrofungi Of İzmir Province, Mehmet Hali̇l Solak, Mustafa Işiloğlu, Fahretti̇n Güci̇n, İsa Gökler

Turkish Journal of Botany

This investigation was done basing on the macrofungi specimens collected from Izmir province situated in Eagean Region in the West Anatolia between 1992 and 1996. As a result of the studing of laboratory and field, 104 taxa belonging to 32 families were determined. One genus ( Lyophyllum Karst.), 8 species ( Clitocybe bresadoliana Sing., Cystoderma granulosum (Batsch: Fr.) Fay., Lyophyllum favrei Haller & Haller., Melanoleuca paedida (Fr.) Kühn. & Mre., Mycena rosea (Bull.) Gramberg., Stereum ostrea(Blume & Nees ex Fr.) Fr., Strobilurus stephanocystis (Hora) Sing., Tricholoma pardalotum Herink & Kotl.), and 1 variety ( Melanoleuca cognata var. typica (Fr.) Konr. …

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Contributions To Turkish Mycoflora From The Ardanuç District Of Artvin Province, Kenan Demi̇rel Jan 1999

Contributions To Turkish Mycoflora From The Ardanuç District Of Artvin Province, Kenan Demi̇rel

Turkish Journal of Botany

Macrofungi collected from the Ardanuç district between 1994-1996, and 56 taxa belonging to Basidiomycetes were identified.

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The Taxonomic Status Of Triturus Vulgaris(Linnaeus, 1758) Populations In Western Anatolia, Turkey, Kurtuluş Olgun, İbrahi̇m Baran, Cemal Varol Tok Jan 1999

The Taxonomic Status Of Triturus Vulgaris(Linnaeus, 1758) Populations In Western Anatolia, Turkey, Kurtuluş Olgun, İbrahi̇m Baran, Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A total of 179 (97 males, 82 females) Triturus vulgaris specimens collected during the breeding season from Western Anatolia (Efes, Ayvacık, Lapseki, Karacabey, Gemlik) and European Turkey (Bolayır) was examined. The morphological and the statistical evaluations showed that the Western Anatolian (except Efes) and the Thrace populations are similar. The West Anatolian populations, therefore, should be included in the nominate subspecies, T.v. vulgaris. The Efes specimens were found to be different from specimens of Ayvacik, Lapseki and Gemlik especially in terms of body measurements. The explanation of the taxonomic status of the Efes population will be possible with the material …

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A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifer Fauna Of Akşehir Lake, Ahmet Altindağ, Si̇bel Yi̇ği̇t Jan 1999

A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifer Fauna Of Akşehir Lake, Ahmet Altindağ, Si̇bel Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study the Rotifera fauna of Akşehir lake was studied taxonomically between June 1992 - November 1993. Thirty - two rotifer species and 2 genus belonging to Rotifera phylum have been identified.

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Taxonomik States Of The Lizards Species Living In Turkish Tharace (Lacertilia: Anguidae, Lacertidae, Scincidae), İ. Ethem Çevi̇k Jan 1999

Taxonomik States Of The Lizards Species Living In Turkish Tharace (Lacertilia: Anguidae, Lacertidae, Scincidae), İ. Ethem Çevi̇k

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this investigation, lizard species of Turkish Thrace are investigated indetail for the first time. Morphological characrteristics, range, distribution and subspecific states of the species are given. Furthermore, some observations concerning their biological and ecological characteristics are also given. In this study a total of 678 specimens and 10 species belonging to 3 families of Lacertilia have been investigated from Turkish Trace.

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Taxsonomical States Of Lacerta Viridis (Lacertidae) Populations From Turkey, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, Yusuf Kumlutaş Jan 1999

Taxsonomical States Of Lacerta Viridis (Lacertidae) Populations From Turkey, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, Yusuf Kumlutaş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this research, , A total of 64 MM and 37 VV adult specimens from Turkish Thrace and 158 MM and 188 VV adult specimens from Anatolia were investigated comparatively as two separate populations groups to determine the subspecific status of the species in Turkey. No significant differences are discernible between the two population groups from the viewpoints of pholidosis, morphometrical measurements and rations and pattern and coloration characteıistics. So the Turkish L. viridis populations belong to a single subspecies L. v. meridionalis.

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A Taxonomical Study On The Cladocera And Copepoda Species (Crustacea) Of Mert, Erikli, Hamam, Pedina Lakes (İğneada/Kırklareli), Hüseyi̇n Güher Jan 1999

A Taxonomical Study On The Cladocera And Copepoda Species (Crustacea) Of Mert, Erikli, Hamam, Pedina Lakes (İğneada/Kırklareli), Hüseyi̇n Güher

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the species of Cladocera and Copepoda in the Mert, Erikli, Hamam and Pedina lakes located in the region of İğneada/ Kırklareli were determined during the period of April 1993-May 1994. Results show that the study area is represented with a total of 32 Cladocera and 19 Copepoda species. Of these, Ceriodaphnia megops (Cladocera) is a new record for Turkey.

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A Taxonoic Study On Cicadatra Hyalina (Fabricius, 1798) (Homoptera, Cicadidae), Veysel Kartal, Ünal Zeybekoğlu Jan 1999

A Taxonoic Study On Cicadatra Hyalina (Fabricius, 1798) (Homoptera, Cicadidae), Veysel Kartal, Ünal Zeybekoğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, rarely studied external genital structures and the variations of these structures, colour and speckling of Ciadatra hyalina were identified with figures according to 156 adult samples were collected from the Inner Anatolian populations.

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On The Lizards Of The Reşadiye (Datça)Peninsula, Cemal Varol Tok Jan 1999

On The Lizards Of The Reşadiye (Datça)Peninsula, Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Eleven species from six families of lizards have been found in the Reşadiye (Datça)Peninsula between the years 1990-1993.In this survey the morphological characteristics such as pholodisis,color-pattern and body measurements and ratios have been investigated.Systematic positions the species of which we have a sufficient number of samples were more accurate in terms of morfhological characteristics. Besides,the biological and ecological information on the species were also given.

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The Taxonomy And Ecology Of Mauremys Caspica Rivulatavalenciennes, 1833 (Testudinata: Bataguridae) And Testudo Graeca Ibera Pallas, 1811 (Testudinata: Testudinidae) On Resadiye (Datça) Peninsula, Cemal Varol Tok Jan 1999

The Taxonomy And Ecology Of Mauremys Caspica Rivulatavalenciennes, 1833 (Testudinata: Bataguridae) And Testudo Graeca Ibera Pallas, 1811 (Testudinata: Testudinidae) On Resadiye (Datça) Peninsula, Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this survey, the tortoise and turtle fauna of Resadiye (Datça) Peninsula, which has not previously been studied in detail, is given. Mauremys caspica rivulata and Testudo graeca ibera specimens were collected as museum material or released after their measurements were taken, from four and nine localities respectively, establishing the status of the peninsula's testudine fauna. A total of 30 adult and eight juvenile specimens were studied morphologically. Observations on the ecological and biological characteristics of the testudines are also given.

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Three New Species Of Nothacrobeles (Nemata: Cephalobidae) From The Mojave Desert, California, I. T. De Ley, P. De Ley, J. G. Baldwin, M. Mundo-Ocampo, Steven A. Nadler Jan 1999

Three New Species Of Nothacrobeles (Nemata: Cephalobidae) From The Mojave Desert, California, I. T. De Ley, P. De Ley, J. G. Baldwin, M. Mundo-Ocampo, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three new species of Nothacrobeles are described from localities in the Mojave Desert, southern California. Nothacrobeles triniglarus n. sp. is characterized by the presence of a long post-vulval sac and three tubular adoral projections. Both N. spatulatus n. sp. and N. nanocorpus n. sp. are smaller than any other known species within the genus. Nothacrobeles spatulatus n. sp. has labial probolae that are short and spatulate without a basal ridge, whereas those of N. nanocorpus n. sp. are flattened and plate-like. Furthermore, N. nanocorpus n. sp. is unique by its extremely short esophageal corpus (less than 25 μm long in …

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Neue Cantharidae (Coleoptera) Aus Der Dominikanischen Republik Und Haiti, Walter Wittmer Sep 1998

Neue Cantharidae (Coleoptera) Aus Der Dominikanischen Republik Und Haiti, Walter Wittmer

Insecta Mundi

New Cantharidae (Coleoptera) from the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The material dealt with in this paper was sent for identification by Dr. M.C. Thomas from the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA). The following species new to science are described: Tylocerus basitestaceus; Silisdiscodon thomasi, S. lauegaensis; Silis superba; Tytthonyx s.str. coriaceipennis, T. s.str. barahonaensis, T. s.str. larimarensis. All holotypes and some paratypes are deposited in the above mentioned collection.

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Aliciella, A Recircumscribed Genus Of Polemoniaceae, J. Mark Porter Jan 1998

Aliciella, A Recircumscribed Genus Of Polemoniaceae, J. Mark Porter

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Recent phylogenetic analyses within Polemoniaceae have provided evidence that the current circumscriptionof Gilia recognizes and gives taxonomic status to a polyphyletic assemblage of species. As a first step in rectifying this problem, the genus Aliciella Brand (Polemoniaceae) is resurrected and recircumscribed to include Gilia section Giliandra and Gilia subgenus Gilmania sensu Mason & Grant, a monophyletic (=holophyletic) group as here described. Twenty-one recombinations are proposed: Aliciella cespitosa, A. formosa, A. haydenii, A. haydenii subsp. crandallii, A. heterostyla, A. humillima, A. hutchinsifolia, A. latifolia, A. latifolia subsp. imperialis. A. leptomeria. A. lottiae. A. mcvickerae.A. micromeria. A. nyensis, A. pentstemonoides, A. …

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Laboubeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Vii. Addenda To Species Of Triceromyces On Hydrometridae And Further Observations On Dioecism In The Order, Richard K. Benjamin Jan 1998

Laboubeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Vii. Addenda To Species Of Triceromyces On Hydrometridae And Further Observations On Dioecism In The Order, Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Four new species of Triceromyces (Laboulbeniales) parasitic on Hydrometra (Heteroptera: Hydrometridae) were described and aspects of their morphology and development were discussed and illustrated with line drawings. Two of the species, T. floridanus and T. elongatus, are monoecious; T. floridanus, known only from Florida, U.S.A., has features allying it with T. elongatus, which ranges from Madagascar and Kenya in Africa to India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka in Asia. The other two undoubtedly closely related species, T. lithophilus and T. terrestris, are dioecious and parasitize two closely related endemic species of Hydrometra thriving in a small region …

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A Taxonomical Study On The Rana Ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Anura: Ranidae)Population From İvriz-Ereğli (Konya), Hüseyin Arikan, Kurtuluş Olgun, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, C. Varol Tok Jan 1998

A Taxonomical Study On The Rana Ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Anura: Ranidae)Population From İvriz-Ereğli (Konya), Hüseyin Arikan, Kurtuluş Olgun, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, C. Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 15 adult (5 MM , 10 V V ) Rana ridibunda specimens were studied. According to the results of the mor-phological analysis, the Ivriz population was included in R. r. caralitana. Furthermore, the distribution area of R. r. caralitana was extended.

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A New Species Of Exeurytoma Burks, 1971 From Turkey(Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), Halit Çam Jan 1998

A New Species Of Exeurytoma Burks, 1971 From Turkey(Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), Halit Çam

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Exeurytoma anatolica sp. n. is described from Tokat, Turkey, and its diagnostic characters are illustrated.

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The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Rattus Norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) Andrattus Rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Muridae) In Turkey, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt Jan 1998

The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Rattus Norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) Andrattus Rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Muridae) In Turkey, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the Turkish population of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus were studied with regard to external, cranial, phalli, bacula and tooth crown morphology and karyotype. External, internal and karyologic characteristics of R. norvegicus were found to be consistent with previously published results. Additionally, it was determined that there are striking color variations in the dorsal and ventral fur of R. rattus and that crown morphology is not a definitive characteristic distinguishing these species because of connected lobes in old specimens. According to the karyological studies, the diploid chromosome numbers and fundamental numbers of R. norvegicus and R. rattus …

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A New Record For The Turkish Fauna: Tycherobius Stramenticola Bolland(Acari, Actinedida, Camerobiidae), Kamil Koç, Nusret Ayyildiz Jan 1998

A New Record For The Turkish Fauna: Tycherobius Stramenticola Bolland(Acari, Actinedida, Camerobiidae), Kamil Koç, Nusret Ayyildiz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the characters and distribution of Tycherobius stramenticola Bolland, 1986 which is a new record for the Turkish fauna are given.

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Geographic Variations And Taxonomic Status Of Myotis Myotis (Borkhausen,1797) In Turkey ( Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), İrfan Albayrak, Nursel Aşan Jan 1998

Geographic Variations And Taxonomic Status Of Myotis Myotis (Borkhausen,1797) In Turkey ( Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), İrfan Albayrak, Nursel Aşan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study is a taxonomical evaluation of 146 specimens of Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) collected in Turkey between 1974 and 1994. Turkish Myotis myotis were compared with records from the Palaearctic Region. It was determined that both Myotis myotis myotis and Myotis myotis macrocephalicus are distributed in Turkey. The diagnostic characters, habitat, pelage colour, external and cranial measurements and distribution of each taxon were recorded.

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Comparison Of Nest Structure And Caste Parameters Of Sympatric Species Of Odontotermes (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) In Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington Dec 1997

Comparison Of Nest Structure And Caste Parameters Of Sympatric Species Of Odontotermes (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) In Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Four species of Odontotermes are common in semi-arid grassland around Kajiado. They all build centralised nests consisting of a cluster of discrete chambers housing the fungus combs. In at least one nest of each species all the chambers were measured and mapped, and the fungus combs extracted, dried and weighed. Three species, O. monodon, O. anceps and O. tanganicus, build 'classical' nests with open vertical shafts that link up underground, apparently acting as a ventilation system. The fourth species O. zambesiensis has no open shafts and no ventilation system. Each of the four species has fungus combs that are distinctly …

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