Life Sciences Commons^™

Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Californian Scrophulariaceae. Ii. Penstemon Subgenus Saccanthera, David C. Michener

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Wood anatomy of nonarboreal Scrophulariaceae is little studied, yet such information is needed to understand the evolution of woodiness in the family and order. Description and quantification of wood characters of six species (nine taxa) of Penstemon subgenus Saccanthera show that these woods are specialized. Paedomorphic features include the standard declining-to-level curve of vessel element length by age, and (in several samples) a pronounced tendency to raylessness. Variation in ray characteristics is as great within as between species, suggesting that unsampled populational variation in ray characteristics may be present. Cells intermediate between fibers and nonseptate parenchyma are present and complement …

Apparent Interactions In Community Models: A Challenge For Theoretical Ecology, Peter J. Taylor

Working Papers on Science in a Changing World

The primary aim of this working paper is to challenge theoretical ecologists to clarify the intended status of any simple model that they use. If we restrict our attention to a subcommunity and treat it as if it were the full community, we need to invoke apparent interactions that incorporate the effects of unspecified or hidden variables as well as direct interactions. This position resembles that of previous discussions of apparent competition (Holt 1977), indirect effects (Lawlor 1979), and ecological abstraction (Schaffer 1981), but my definition of apparent interactions differs from those stated or implied by these authors. I advance …

The Relationship Between Mathematical Expression And Biological Insight: Some Issues In Community Ecology Modeling, Exemplified By The Logistic Equation, Peter J. Taylor

Working Papers on Science in a Changing World

The relationship between mathematical expression and biological insight is a central problem for modelers in community ecology. In this paper I distinguish three interpretations of this relationship: models as redescriptions as observations; models as capturing fundamental or generative biological relations; and models as an aid in exploring how to formulate the inquiries we put to nature. I aim to show that we can reduce ambiguities and confusion and ecological theory if we hold the different interpretations clearly in mind. I conclude by advancing an overall strategy of model building—de/composition—in which each of the interpretations plays a role. The logistic equation, …

Foraging Ecology Of Temperate-Zone And Tropical Woodpeckers, Robert A. Askins

Biology Faculty Publications

The foraging behavior of 11 species of woodpeckers in Guatemala, Maryland, and Minnesota was studied in order to test the seasonal stability hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that specialization and species richness should be no greater for tropical wood-excavators than for those in the temperate zone because wood-excavators in both regions are buffered against seasonal change. Niche breadth values for six variables that describe foraging methods and perches were calculated by two methods. Unweighted niche breadth values were similar for tropical and temperate woodpeckers for all variables except foraging techniques; in this case the temperate species are more specialized. With weighted …

Areographic Representation Of Faunal Characteristics Through A "Second Order" Relational Approach, Charles H. Smith

DLPS Faculty Publications

Areographic analysis has traditionally depended on primary data consisting of location-specific tallies of presence or absence of given forms. In the present work, an alternate manner of representing distributions is suggested. Regional units are first established, and presence and absence of the forms under consideration in these units is noted. The relation of the biota at any given point location to all others is then established through examination of the former's characteristics of inclusion in the latter. This is accomplished by detailing regional level trends of inclusion and setting up a "second-order" distribution of associations. Two kinds of descriptive information …

The High Uintas: Utah's Land Of Lake And Forest, C. Lynn Hayward

Books by Faculty of the Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum

This book details the exploration history, geology, hydrology, ecology, flora, and fauna of the High Uinta Range in Utah. Each chapter is written in a narrative style and includes photographs and identification for the various habitats and species discussed. In the Resources chapter, there is a collection of color photographs for greater aid in identification and appreciation of the beautiful Uinta region and the species that live there.

Table of Contents

Introduction

History

Rocks

Water

Forests

Meadows

Fishes

Birds

Mammals

Resources

Photo Credits

Investigation Of Selected Aspects Of Kokanee (Onchorhynchus Nerka) Ecology In Porcupine Reservoir, Utah, With Management Implications, Paul Joel Janssen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several aspects of kokanee (Onchorhynchus nerka) ecology were studied in the fluctuating, 80ha Porcupine Reservoir, Utah in order to determine optimum management strategies. In 1981, escapement was enumerated and estimates of egg deposition were made. An estimate of the resulting fry recruitment was also attempted and was successful up to the arrival of spring runoff. In 1982, escapement was enumerated and estimates of egg deposition were made, with subsequent estimates of egg deposition and percent survival to the advanced eyed stage. Age and growth rates were determined and survival rates estimated.

Escapement for 1981 and 1982 was 5,463 …

Cameron B. Kepler's Review Of Janet Kear And A. J. Berger's The Hawaiian Goose: An Experiment In Conservation, Cameron B. Kepler

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Relative Intestine Length And Feeding Ecology Of Freshwater Fishes, David O. Ribble, M H. Smith

Biology Faculty Research

There is a significant relationship between the intestine length (Y) and total body length (X) for 11 species of freshwater fish (Y = 0.08X1.42). Sufficient variation exists about this relationship to indicate important differences among the species' diets. The diets for each species, ranked on a Trophic Index scale determined from literature data, are negatively rank order correlated with the mean relative intestine lengths (rs = -0.67). There is no significant rank order correlation between the Trophic Indices determined from data on stomach contents and the mean relative intestine lengths for fish from a single creek.

The Distribution, Ecology And Growth Of The Chestnut Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon Castaneus, In The Clearwater River, Minnesota, Charles S. Holt, Paul A. Durkee

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This study dealt primarily with the ammocoete stage of the chestnut lamprey, lchthyamyzan castaneus (Girard). The population estimate for ammocoetes in the 25.5 m2 section studied was 540 individuals. The lengths of 452 ammocoetes collected ranged from 42 to 164 mm. A total of 213 chestnut lampreys were retained for laboratory study. Twenty of these were adults with an average length of 136.8 mm (range= 125 mm to 191 mm). Six age classes of ammocoetes were determined. An average increase in body length of recaptured ammocoetes of 2.9 mm was observed during the summers of 1980 and 1981. The habitat …

Effects Of Recreation (Trampling) On The Forest Floor And Associated Streams Of Aspen And Conifer Forests, M.C. Molles, J.R. Gosz, R.G. Cates

Aspen Bibliography

Heavy trampling significantly reduced the biomass of understory vegetation in aspen stands subject to different management procedures (thinning, fertilization). Light trampling also resulted in lower understory biomass except where it was performed in a fertilized aspen stand which had an understory community dominated by grasses. The grass community appears to be more resistant to trampling. Coverage by the understory was also reduced by both heavy and light trampling in aspen stands. The sparse understory of spruce-fir forests was not significantly changed. Trampling fragmented the forest floor in aspen but not in spruce-fir.

Joseph P. Reser's Review Of R. L. Kirk's Aboriginal Man Adapting: The Human Biology Of Australian Aborigines, Joseph P. Reser

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Agenda: New Sources Of Water For Energy Development And Growth: Interbasin Transfers: A Short Course, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

New Sources of Water for Energy Development and Growth: Interbasin Transfers: A Short Course (Summer Conference, June 7-10)

Even before the [Natural Resources Law] Center was established [in the fall of 1981], the [University of Colorado] School of Law was organizing annual natural resources law summer short courses. To date four programs have been presented:

- July 1980: "Federal Lands, Laws and Policies-and the Development of Natural Resources"

- June 1981: "Water Resources Allocation: Laws and Emerging Issues"

- June 1982: "New Sources of Water for Energy Development and Growth: lnterbasin Transfers"

- June 1983: "Groundwater: Allocation; Development and Pollution"

(Reprinted from Resource Law Notes, no. 1, Jan. 1984, at 1.)

Faculty for this conference included University of …

Introduced Species And The Issue Of Animal Welfare, Michael Hutchins, Victoria Stevens, Natasha Atkins

Ecology Collection

Recently, considerable debate has been heard about the control or elimination of introduced or "exotic" animals on publicly held U.S. lands. Species introductions, whether intentional or unintentional, seem to be an inevitable result of human activities, but they may result in both economic and ecological problems: It has been estimated that over 90 percent of all such introductions have been harmful in some respect. Control of exotics can be accomplished through containment, shooting, poisoning, reintroduction of native predators, introduction of disease organisms, live capture and removal, and reproductive inhibition.

Those who must make decisions about the fate of introduced species …

An Evaluation Of Nutrient Sources To Onslow Bay, North Carolina, Larry P. Atkinson, Leonard J. Pietrafesa, Eileen E. Hofmann

CCPO Publications

Hydrographic and current meter data from Onslow Bay, North Carolina, were examined to determine the relative importance of various nutrient sources.

Upwelled Gulf Stream water is the major source of nutrients while rivers represent a minor, if not insignificant, source. In the summer during stratified conditions, the upwelled water penetrates across the shelf, but in the winter the upwelled water is restricted to the outer shelf. Nitrate flux across the 40 m isobath was calculated from continuous temperature and current records. Flux during the summer of 1976 was 2 μM m² sec^-1 which is considerably less than flux …

A Bibliography Of Varietal Resistance To The Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia Oryzae (Wood-Mason), P. K. Pathak, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

This bibliography contains 330 published and unpublished references for the period 1881-1981. References are arranged alphabetically by author and are also classified by country and by subjects (mass rearing, screening, evaluation and utilization of resistant varieties, breeding for and inheritance of resistance, and biotype variation). Tables list resistant varieties identified, varietal sources used in breeding programs, varieties which have been released for cultivation by farmers and biotype classification.

Maine's Whitewater Rapids And Their Relevance To The Critical Areas Program, Janet Mcmahon

Maine Collection

Maine's Whitewater Rapids and Their Relevance to the Critical Areas Program

by Janet McMahon

Planning Report No. 74, Critical Areas Program, 184 State St., Augusta, Maine,

April, 1981 (additions made in October, 1981). Reprinted July, 1983.

Contents: Introduction / Natural History of Whitewater Rapids / Methods / Criteria / Results / Conclusions / General Evaluation of Whitewater Rapids for Inclusion on the Register of Critical Areas / Bibliography / Action Plan

First Year Final Report: The Ecology Of The Desert Bighorn Sheep In Southeastern Utah, Michael M. King, Gar W. Workman

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Aspen [Populus Tremuloides] Community Types On The Bridger-Teton National Forest In Western Wyoming [Including A Key With Indicator Species], Andrew P. Youngblood, Walter F. Mueggler

Aspen Bibliography

A classification system is presented for aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) dominated forests on the Bridger-Teton National Forest in western Wyoming. Twenty-six aspen community types are defined and described. A diagnostic key that utilizes indicator plant species is provided for field identification of the community types. Vegetation composition, environment, productivity, relationship to surrounding vegetation, and successional status are discussed. Tables are provided for detailed comparisons.

Botanical And Ecological Aspects Of Coastal Raised Peatlands In Maine : And Their Relevance To The Critical Areas Program Of The State Planning Office, Ian A. Worley

Maine Collection

Botanical and Ecological Aspects of Coastal Raised Peatlands in Maine : and Their Relevance to the Critical Areas Program of the State Planning Office.

by Ian A. Worley

A Report Prepared for the Maine Critical Areas Program, State Planning Office, 184 State Street, Augusta, Maine 04333.

Planning Report No. 69 (January 1980)

Contents: Foreword / Abstract / Table of Contents / List of Figures / List of Tables / Acknowledgements / Introduction / Natural History and Ecology of the Coastal Raised Peatlands / Selection of Coastal Peatlands Recommended for Evaluation by the Critical Areas Program / General Evaluation of Coastal …

Effects Of Annual Burning On Grassland In The Aspen Parkland Of East-Central Alberta, Howard G. Anderson, Arthur W. Bailey

Aspen Bibliography

Annual early spring burning has markedly altered the physiognomy and species composition of aspen parkland vegetation of east-central Alberta. Burning was conducted in April for at least 24 years when soil moisture was normally high. The number of herbaceous species per quadrat doubled while a number of woody species declined slightly.

Ecology Of The Common Snipe In Northern Utah, Samuel C. Winegardner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study addresses five areas relating to the biology and management of common snipe (Capella gallinago), including habitat requirements, food habits, breeding biology, sexing and aging and census techniques.

The primary habitat requirement of snipe was determined to be areas that were saturated or covered with shallow water. Secondary requirements were vegetation of less than 3 decimeters in height and between 30 and 50 percent density.

Food habit studies determined that snipe selected animal material with larger and more abundant organisms being preferred without regard to species . Plant material appeared to be ingested only incidentally.

Common snipe …

Ua12/2/19 Earth Week, Energy For Student Awareness

WKU Administration Documents

Newspaper created by the Energy for Student Awareness group regarding Earth Week and environmental issues.

Classification Of Quaking Aspen Stands In The Black Hills And Bear Lodge Mountains, K.E. Severson, J.F. Thilenius

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

A Taxonomic And Ecologic Study Of The Riverbottom Forest On St. Mary River, Lee Creek And Belly River In Southwest Alberta, Canada, Robert Keith Shaw

Theses and Dissertations

The riverbottom forest community of St. Mary River, Lee Creek and Belly River in southwest Alberta, Canada is a unique ecological entity characterized by poplar species having their major Alberta distribution along these streams. Stands in the community are dominated by three tree species, six shrub species and nine herb species. Establishment of the community is dependent on climate and substrate; destruction is the result of progressive lateral stream-flow erosion. Soils are sandy loams above gravel, with pH values of 7.7 to 8.0 and soluble salt concentration of 176 to 458 parts per million. Trees in mature stands averaged 23.0 …

Seasonal Changes In Water Quality And Primary Productivity In Doe Valley Lake, Edmond J. Bacon, Stuart E. Neff

KWRRI Research Reports

Primary productivity and water quality were studied in Doe Valley Lake, a 147-hectare impoundment on Doe Run, a spring-fed stream in Meade County, Kentucky, from 13 June 1969 to 31 July 1972. Doe Valley Lake is monomictic during most winter seasons, but it is dimictic during more severe winters because of its morphometry and location on the borderline climatic region for dimictic lakes (37° N latitude). Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion is severe, and anaerobic conditions usually prevail by late June. A hypolimnetic areal deficit of 0.038 mg/cm²/day was calculated. Supersaturation of oxygen in the epilimnion was common, …

Ecology Of Central Washington Semi-Arid Lands A Documentary Film, Phillip Robert Debusschere

All Master's Theses

Contrasting vegetation patterns on the west side versus the east side of Washington's Cascade Mountains, due primarily to precipitation distribution, are documented on 16mm sound color film with primary emphasis upon the driest vegetation zone of eastern Washington. Interrelationships of climate, soils, vegetation patterns and animal life are shown for climax types of vegetation and those areas since altered to new habitats due to cultivation, water impoundment, fire and grazing. Emphasis is upon the importance of baseline studies of these semi-arid land habitats.

A Study Of Man's Environmental Impact On Shell Creek And Sand Gulch, Gary Hassebrook

Special Collections

Description of Shell Creek in 1972, including an investigation into the source of pollutants that have killed the first 15 miles of the creek.

Discussion of town dumping at Sand Gulch and the damage that is causing.

Student paper

An Autecological Study Of Blackbrush (Coleogyne Ramosissima Torr.) In Southwestern Utah, James E. Bowns

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide basic ecological information on an important but little studied major vegetation type through autecological investigations of the dominant species. Data include climate and soils where this species occurs, root distribution, phenology and growth, seed germination requirements and seedling survival. Percent ground cover provided by blackbrush and other dominant plants as well as the composition of herbaceous understory vegetation was presented. Leaf and stem anatomy of blackbrush revealed features typical of desert shrub species with stem splitting appearing to be a characteristic of this species.

Blackbrush is characterized as a poor forage species …

Grass-Woody Plant Relationships, A.W. Bailey, R.K. Gupta

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.