Life Sciences Commons^™

Food Neophobia Across The Life Course: Pooling Data From Five National Cross-Sectional Surveys In Ireland, Daniel Hazley, Mairead Stack, Janette Walton, Breige A. Mcnulty, John Kearney

Articles

Food neophobia describes a reluctance to eat novel foods. Levels of food neophobia vary throughout life and are thought to peak in childhood. However, the trajectory of food neophobia across the life course is not fully clear. Using data from five national cross-sectional surveys in Ireland we explored levels of food neophobia in males and females aged 1–87 years. In addition, we assessed the influence of sociodemographic factors, breastfeeding and parental food neophobia on food neophobia. Food neophobia was measured using the Food Neophobia Scale in adults and adolescents and with the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in preschool and school …

Emotional Intelligence And Soft Skills: A Case Study On Information Technology Employee Performance, James Tyler

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Soft skills such as communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and stress management in recent years have been seen as a new trend in organizations. Even though there is research demonstrating the importance of soft skills, there is little research on how information technology (IT) organizations are training and evaluating their employees in soft skills. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand how human resources departments in IT organizations are training employees on soft skills and how they are evaluating employees’ level of performance. The conceptual framework that was used in this study was Goleman’s emotional intelligence model of self-awareness, …

The Relationship Between First Case On-Time Starts, Turnover Times, And Operating Room Productivity, Rhafia Bucoy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Operating room (OR) managers struggle to manage day-to-day surgical operations while meeting and exceeding organizational productivity amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The deferral of surgeries contributes to millions of backlogs of surgical case volume and unintended negative consequences. Grounded in the proposition that first-case on-time starts (FCOTS) and turnover time (TOT) are correlates of OR productivity, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between FCOTS, TOT, and OR productivity. Archival data from 136 electronic surgical records were collected from two free-standing ambulatory surgery centers and analyzed using multiple regression. The results of the one-service, eye-specialized, ambulatory …

Cryo-Em Structure Of Transmembrane Aaa+ Protease Ftsh In The Adp State, Wu Liu, Martien Schoonen, Tong Wang, Sean Mcsweeney, Qun Liu

Advanced Science Research Center

AAA+ proteases regulate numerous physiological and cellular processes through tightly regulated proteolytic cleavage of protein substrates driven by ATP hydrolysis. FtsH is the only known family of membrane-anchored AAA+ proteases essential for membrane protein quality control. Although a spiral staircase rotation mechanism for substrate translocation across the FtsH pore has been proposed, the detailed conformational changes among various states have not been clear due to absence of FtsH structures in these states. We report here the cryo-EM structure for Thermotoga maritima FtsH (TmFtsH) in a fully ADP-bound symmetric state. Comparisons of the ADP-state structure with its apo-state and a substrate-engaged …

Fish And Invertebrate Use Of Restored Vs. Natural Oyster Reefs In A Shallow Temperate Latitude Estuary, Jonathan H. Grabowski, Christopher J. Baillie, Adam Baukus, Rachael Carlyle, F. Joel Fodrie, Rachel K. Gittman, A. Randall Hughes, David L. Kimbro, Juhyung Lee, Hunter S. Lenihan, Sean P. Powers, Kevin Sullivan

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Coastal marine habitats continue to be degraded, thereby compelling largescale restoration in many parts of the world. Whether restored habitats function similarly to natural habitats and fully recover lost ecosystem services is unclear. In estuaries, oyster reefs have been degraded by multiple anthropogenic activities including destructive fishing practices and reduced water quality, motivating restoration to maintain oyster fisheries and other ecosystem services, often at relatively high cost. We compared fish and invertebrate communities on recently restored (0–1 year post-restoration), older restored (3–4 years post-restoration), and natural oyster reefs to determine if and when restored reefs support functionally similar faunal communities. …

Public Procurement Practices And Policies: Implications For Public Research And Development In The Philippines, Nelson Jose Vincent B. Querijero, Rhea L. Gumasing, Arlene C. Gutierrez, Ruth Anne T. Ruelos, Charina Krissel D. Tingson

Journal of Public Affairs and Development

This study examines procurement practices and policies that hinder or facilitate public research and development. An online survey and interviews with key informants in 44 research development institutions (RDIs) in the Philippines were conducted. Participants include Project Leaders, members of the Bids and Awards Committee (BAC), the BAC secretariat, chief accountants, technical working groups, and suppliers. The results show that some procurement policies, workflows, and capacities of the procuring entities contribute to procurement delays. A lack of qualified or suitable suppliers and a limited market of highly specialized and scientific equipment are also factors affecting procurement efficiency. It is recommended …

Revisiting Participatory Rural Appraisal (Pra) Related Studies And Exploring Pra's Success Determinants: A Content Analysis, Raquel Garcia-Agustin

Journal of Public Affairs and Development

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) has shown that participation in development programs in poor communities can be empowering not only for the community members but also for the development workers. However, not all PRAs have seen successes especially in fulfilling their mission to encourage real participation. Hence, it is imperative to understand whether PRA has led to adequate understanding of indigenous perspective to call for action and the interest PRA serves. This analysis aims to provide critical insights and reflections from the experiences of previously conducted PRAs. It further aims to reveal whether PRAs were used effectively and successfully according to …

Taiwanese Perceptions Of China, Taiwan, And Us Relations From 2016 To 2021, Wan-Ling Liao, Armand Christopher C. Rola

Journal of Public Affairs and Development

In 2016, a dramatic shift in Taiwan's politics caught China's attention. After the inauguration of President Tsai Ing-wen, Beijing increased the pressure on Taiwan. Aside from limiting Taiwan's international space, Beijing had taken other steps. This study aims to review the policy regarding the relationship among Taiwan, the US, and China. The primary data were gathered through interviews with Taiwanese key informants of different age groups. Secondary data were gathered from official documents, online sources, journal and news articles, and books. Based on the analysis of informants' opinions on this issue, the study found that the majority of informants prefer …

Monitoring And Modelling The Dynamics Of The Cellular Glycolysis Pathway: A Review And Future Perspectives, Nitin Patil, Hugh Byrne, Orla L. Howe, Paul A. Cahill

Articles

Background

The dynamics of the cellular glycolysis pathway underpin cellular function and dysfunction, and therefore ultimately health, disease, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Evolving our understanding of this fundamental process and its dynamics remains critical.

Scope of review

This paper reviews the medical relevance of glycolytic pathway in depth and explores the current state of the art for monitoring and modelling the dynamics of the process. The future perspectives of label free, vibrational microspectroscopic techniques to overcome the limitations of the current approaches are considered.

Major conclusions

Vibrational microspectroscopic techniques can potentially operate in the niche area of limitations of other …

Effects Of Vitamin D Administration At The Beginning Of Lactation In Dairy Cows Oninflammatory Response And Liver Metabolism, Feyyaz Kaya, Hasan Batmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D administered 24 h after calving of dairy cows on calcium-phosphorus metabolism, carbohydrate, lipid and liver metabolism, and inflammatory response. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to the experimental (EG) and control group (CG). The EG received 5,000,000 IU vitamin D3 (5 mL) 24 h after parturition intramuscularly, whereas the CG group received 5 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Blood samples were taken 24 h after parturition before treatments and at the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days of lactation. Serum NEFA, BHBA, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin, calcium, phosphorus, …

The Effect Of Dystocia On Oxidative Stress, Colostral Antibody/Passive Immune Status, Andblood Gases In Damascus Goats And Their Kids, Tuğra Akkuş, Ömer Korkmaz, Bi̇rten Emre, Abuzer Kafar Zonturlu, Peli̇n Fatoş Polat Di̇nçer, Ömer Yaprakci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dystocia on oxidative stress, venous blood gases, and colostrum and serum immunoglobulins G (IgG) in Damascus goats and their kids, respectively. The study sample comprised a total of 40 Damascus goats with of their own 40 kids separated into 2 groups according to the type of birth. Group 1 consisted of goats with eutocia (n = 20) and their kids (n = 20), and Group 2 consisted of goats with dystocia (n = 20) and their kids (n = 20). Blood samples were taken from the goats and their kids …

Relationships Between Famacha Scores And Some Blood Values In Sheep And Goats, Özcan Şahi̇n, İbrahi̇m Ayteki̇n, Sai̇m Boztepe, İsmai̇l Keski̇n, Ali̇ Karabacak, Yasi̇n Altay, Mervan Bayraktar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, Akkaraman sheep and Hair goats raised extensively on the same farm were scored with the FAMACHA card. Score 1 was not present in both sheep and goats, whereas scores 5 and 2 were not detected in sheep and goats, respectively. While the number of animals with scores of 2, 3, and 4 was 9, 46, and 55 in sheep, the number of animals with 3, 4, and 5 scores in goats was 6, 55, and 41, respectively. In the study, the differences in the amount of RBC, Hct, and Hb in goats according to these score groups …

Investigations On Some Aerobic Bacterial Agents Isolated From Heifers At The Beginning Ofthe First Lactation, Tuncay Çökülgen, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, it was aimed to identify the predominant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) species in subclinical, clinical, and persistent infections in Konya province, to determine various virulence and resistance mechanisms of CNS species within the agelactation level. The research has been carried out in a dairy herd that is free from brucellosis and tuberculosis and uses an automated herd management system. Thirty-two heifers at the beginning of lactation with milk yields of more than 20 liters have been observed in terms of udder infections during the first 1-4 months of lactation. The prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI) and of CNS-caused …

Dental Morphometric Investigation On The Chinchilla (Chinchilla Lanigera) Using A Threedimensionalreconstruction Model, Sema Özkadi̇f, Emrullah Eken, Ayşe Haligür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to reveal the morphometric characteristics of the teeth of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera), which are both kept as pet animals and raised for the economic value of their fur, using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions created from two-dimensional (2D) multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images and to investigate whether there was a difference between the sexes. A total of 12 chinchillas of both sexes (six males and six females) were used. The teeth reconstructions of the animals were performed with Mimics. 14.1 3D modeling software on the 2D images was taken in the prone position. According to …

Determination Of The Morphometric Characteristics Of Donkey (Equus Asinus)Populations Reared In Turkey, Eser Kemal Gürcan, Serdar Genç, Selçuk Kaplan, Fulya Özdi̇l, Emel Özkan Ünal, Hasan Bulut, Selen Yatkin, Sezen Arat, Mehmet İhsan Soysal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research aims to determine the morphometric characteristics of the donkey (Equus asinus) populations reared in Turkey. For this purpose, live weights and body measurements were collected from 500 donkeys. The donkeys were grouped according to the factors of color, age, sex, and province and the live weights (LW) (kg), withers heights (WH), rump heights (RH), body lengths (BL), chest circumferences (CC), chest depths (CD), front shank circumferences (FSC), head lengths (HL) and ear lengths (EL) (cm) of the donkeys were measured. In the study, the males were found to have higher values of live weight, withers height, rump height, …

The Molecular Prevalence Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Babesia Spp., And Anaplasma Spp. Inshelter Dogs Of The Thrace Region In Turkey, Nuri̇ Altuğ, Mustafa Necati̇ Muz, Di̇lek Muz, Fulya Altinok Yi̇pel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study aimed to update the molecular prevalence of some tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp.) in the shelter dogs of the Thrace Region, Turkey. The study was carried out on 450 dogs from 7 pet shelters. The individual data of the dogs were recorded, and blood samples were collected in tubes with anticoagulants (EDTA). Then, individual PCR protocols were applied to all samples for the three infective agents. PCR test results recorded for B. burgdorferi is 38.22% (n = 172), 24.22% (n = 109) for Babesia spp., and 21.6% (n = 97) for Anaplasma spp. The …

Genetic Variation At The Olr1, Anxa9, Myf5, Ltf, Igf1, Lgb, Csn3, Pit1, Mbl1,Cacna2d1, And Abcg2 Loci In Turkish Grey Steppe, Anatolian Black, And Eastanatolian Red Cattle, Özden Çobanoğlu, Sena Ardiçli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Native breeds are excellent sources of genetic variation. Anatolian native breeds are relatives of the first cattle domesticated and are ancestors of many European breeds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of OLR1, ANXA9, MYF5, LTF, IGF1, LGB, CSN3, PIT1, MBL1, CACNA2D1, and ABCG2 markers in Turkish Grey Steppe, Anatolian Black, and East Anatolian Red cattle. The analysis included 367 cattle and the genotyping was performed by the PCR-RFLP. Population genetics indices including heterozygosity, the number of effective alleles, the polymorphism information content, fixation index, and the level of possible variability realization, and moreover, the genetic diversity …

Effects Of Dietary Insect (Ephestia Kuehniella) Egg Meal On Growth Performance And Fattyacid Profile Of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio), Levent Doğankaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of mill moth (Ephestia kuehniella) egg meal (IEM) upon growth performance and fatty acid profile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (1.12 ± 0.01 g) were evaluated in triplicate groups for 12 weeks. Three isonitrogenous (35% CP) and isocaloric (17 MJ kg?1) diets were formulated replacing fishmeal with 0% (G-0), 50% (G-50), and 100% (G-100) IEM. The results of the trial indicated that G-50 had the highest growth performance values and a more efficient FCR (1.79). Replacement levels of IEM did not have any significant effect on survival. Total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to be statistically different …

The In Vitro Effect Of Hypochlorous Acid-Metal Nanoparticles Combination On Salmonellaunder Different Temperature Conditions, Serkan Kemal Büyükünal, Karlo Muratoğlu, Ahmet Koluman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is an excellent surface disinfectant and classified as nonhazardous but maintaining a steady HClO solution is extremely difficult. This study aimed to mix HClO with various metal nanoparticles (NPs) to improve stability. The efficiency of the prepared solutions against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Dublin, and Salmonella Infantis was assessed using the culture method in five distinct experimental groups at varying temperatures (4 °C, 10 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C). The type of metal NPs, HClO, and application temperatures utilized in the combined solutions for bacterial decontamination did not result in a significant difference …

Acute Phase Proteins, Endocrine And Productive Responses Of Laying Hens To Heat Stress, Amani Aldawood, Hosam Altamimi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to characterize changes in the acute phase proteins (APPs), hormones parallel to performance, and egg quality traits in laying hens exposed to heat stress (HS). A total of 120 sixteen-week-old Lohmann hens was allowed an adaptation period of 5 weeks in 3 different rooms at 21 °C. The hens were then exposed to one of three climatic thermal treatments over the next 6 weeks; thermoneutrality (TN, 21 °C), constant (C-HS, 28 °C), and cyclic HS (HS, 20 h/d at 28 ± 1 °C and 4 h/d at 33 ± 1 °C). Blood samples were weekly obtained, …

Changes In Serum Pon1 Activity, Gene Expression And Their Association With Lipid Profile Parameters In Healthy Darehshori Neonatal Foals: A Preliminary Study, Rouzbeh Razavi Dehkordi, Gholam Ali Kojouri, Behnaz Karimi, Ali Mohammad Ahadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) contributes to the antioxidant mechanisms that prevent lipoprotein oxidation and act as a negative acute-phase protein. This study aimed to evaluate changes in serum PON1 activity, the leukocyte PON1 gene expression, as well as lipid profile tests (LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol) in 16 healthy Darehshori newborn foals up to 60 days of life. Blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days used for detecting biochemical parameters, PON1 activity, and, and its gene expression, using realtime RT-PCR. Low levels of PON1 activity were observed at birth, which increased significantly with increasing age at …

The Effect Of Nongenetic Factors On Calf Birth Weight And Growth Performance In Anatolian Buffaloes, Kürşat Alkoyak, Sezer Öz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the current study is to determine the growth performances of Anatolian buffaloes such as birth weight (BW$_{0}$), body weight at 6 months (BW$_{6}$), body weight at 12 months (BW$_{12}$), average daily weight gain from birth to 6 months (ADG$_{0 - 6}$), average daily weight gain from birth to 12 months (ADG$_{0 - 12}$) and average daily weight gain from 6 to 12 months (ADG$_{6 - 12}$), and to identify various nongenetic factors affecting these traits. In the study, the data of 2821 head buffalo calves born from buffaloes bred from the Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project in Bartın …

Computed Tomography And Osteological Examination Of The Nuchal Perforations In Byzantine Cattle Skulls, Vedat Onar, Aleksander Chroszcz, Dominik Poradowski, Nazan Gezer İnce, Mehmet Ali̇ Polat, Rahmi̇ Asal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study presents computed tomography (CT) and osteological observations of nuchal perforations in the Middle-Late Byzantine cattle skulls, unearthed from Yenikapı Metro and Marmaray excavations (ancient Theodosius harbour), İstanbul, Türkiye. A total of 17 skulls with perforations of various size, ranging from elliptical to triangular, located in the nuchal (posterior) region of protuberantia intercornualis were examined. Rounded edges and smooth inner walls of these perforations indicated that they were formed when the animals were alive (ante mortem). The CT helped to understand the details of the caudal and dorsal part of head as well as the relationships between these perforations …

B Cells In The Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (Galt), Ameera Bukhari

Dissertations

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body, and it is a unique line of defense where immune cells are in constant contact with gut commensals and pathogens. B lymphocytes constitute most of the lymphatic tissues of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and they play a critical role in protecting from infections, promoting tolerance, and shaping microbiota in the gut through the production of immunoglobulins (Ig). Previous studies on GALT B cells in human showed that large B cell clones in the body partition into two broad networks: one includes the blood, bone marrow, …

Attempting Genetic Inference From Directional Asymmetry During Convergent Hindlimb Reduction In Squamates, Samantha Swank, Ethan Elazegui, Sophia Janidlo, Thomas J. Sanger, Michael A. Bell, Yoel E. Stuart

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Loss and reduction in paired appendages are common in vertebrate evolution. How often does such convergent evolution depend on similar developmental and genetic pathways? For example, many populations of the threespine stickleback and ninespine stickleback (Gasterosteidae) have independently evolved pelvic reduction, usually based on independent mutations that caused reduced Pitx1 expression. Reduced Pitx1 expression has also been implicated in pelvic reduction in manatees. Thus, hindlimb reduction stemming from reduced Pitx1 expression has arisen independently in groups that diverged tens to hundreds of millions of years ago, suggesting a potential for repeated use of Pitx1 across vertebrates. Notably, hindlimb reduction based …

Discordant Population Structure Among Rhizobium Divided Genomes And Their Legume Hosts, Alex B. Riley, Michael A. Grillo, Brendan Epstein, Peter Tiffin, Katy D. Heath

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Symbiosis often occurs between partners with distinct life history characteristics and dispersal mechanisms. Many bacterial symbionts have genomes comprising multiple replicons with distinct rates of evolution and horizontal transmission. Such differences might drive differences in population structure between hosts and symbionts and among the elements of the divided genomes of bacterial symbionts. These differences might, in turn, shape the evolution of symbiotic interactions and bacterial evolution. Here we use whole genome resequencing of a hierarchically structured sample of 191 strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti collected from 21 locations in southern Europe to characterize population structures of this bacterial symbiont, which forms …

Gut Dysbiosis In Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Is Characterized By Shifts In Relative Abundances Of Specific Bacterial Taxa And Decreased Diversity In More Advanced Disease, Madeline J. Hooper, T.M. Lewitt, Y. Pang, F.L. Veon, G.E Chlipala, L. Feferman, S.J. Green, D. Sweeney, K.T. Bagnowski, Michael B. Burns, P.C. Seed, J. Choi, J. Guitart, X.A. Zhou

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients often suffer from recurrent skin infections and profound immune dysregulation in advanced disease. The gut microbiome has been recognized to influence cancers and cutaneous conditions; however, it has not yet been studied in CTCL.ObjectivesTo investigate the gut microbiome in patients with CTCL and in healthy controls.MethodsA case-control study was conducted between January 2019 and November 2020 at Northwestern’s busy multidisciplinary CTCL clinic (Chicago, Illinois, USA) utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to characterize the microbiota present in fecal samples of CTCL patients (n = 38) and age-matched healthy controls (n …

Abl2 Promotes Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Via Ppar Gamma Regulation, Gregory Malnassy

Dissertations

Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is an umbrella term for a spectrum of diseases resulting from chronic alcohol (e.g. ethanol) abuse ranging in severity from reversible conditions such as alcohol-induced steatosis to advanced and largely irreversible liver pathologies including alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), alcoholic hepatitis (AH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AALD is one of the primary causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and accounts for 44% of liver disease deaths in the United States. Drinking rates, both in the United States and globally, have increased year over year for the past three decades, a trend which has resulted in significantly …

Elucidating The Role Of Kmt2d In Her2+ Breast Cancer, Emily Ma

Dissertations

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the US. Histone modifications are common epigenetic changes that have been implicated in several breast cancers, including HER2+ breast cancers. Current therapies, such as trastuzumab, block the HER2 receptor to reduce tumor growth. Unfortunately, HER2+ breast cancers have found ways to overcome these therapies, leading to tumor resistance, metastases, and poor survival outcomes. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms contributing to HER2+ breast cancer resistance may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.One prognostic marker for poor survival in women with …

The Role Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Β (Gsk-3Β) At The Cardiac Myofilament, Marisa Jean Stachowski

Dissertations

Altered kinase activity and localization is gaining appreciation as a mechanism contributing to cardiovascular disease. Previous work suggests that the kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) regulates contractile function of the myofilament, but this work was performed in vitro. The goal of this work was to investigate GSK-3β’s in vivo role in regulating myofilament function, the mechanisms involved, and the translational relevance in disease. GSK-3β’s myofilament localization was confirmed in wild type mouse and human tissue via western blot of myofilament enriched tissue and immunofluorescence. These experiments also revealed that GSK-3β phosphorylated at Y216 binds to the z-disc. We …