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2018

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Articles 481 - 510 of 12524

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Mitigating The Risk For Glufosinate Resistance, Christopher John Meyer Dec 2018

Mitigating The Risk For Glufosinate Resistance, Christopher John Meyer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

While glufosinate-resistant weeds have not yet been identified in U.S. row crops, rapid evolution of glyphosate-resistance, and resulting cost to U.S. farmers, demonstrates the need to responsibly steward the limited number of herbicides available in agricultural systems. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to: 1) Identify herbicide interactions that can occur in Enlist™ and Roundup Ready® Xtend® systems; 2) Identify herbicide interactions that occur when glufosinate is mixed with fomesafen, clethodim, and glyphosate; 3) Determine the optimum rate structure and application timings when multiple POST applications of glufosinate are applied to LibertyLink soybean; 4) Use 14C techniques to determine why …

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Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status, Janithri Savindya Wickramanayake Dec 2018

Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status, Janithri Savindya Wickramanayake

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fatty Acid Desaturase7 (FAD7) is a chloroplast-localized enzyme that converts 16 and 18 carbon dienoic fatty acids to trienoic fatty acids. The suppressor of prosystemin-mediated response2 (spr2) mutant in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the fad7-1 mutant in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) result in the loss of function of FAD7, which alter the fatty acid profiles of chloroplast membranes and enhance resistance against aphids. This research contributes toward the long-term goal of identifying factors that determine aphid resistance in FAD7 mutants. Previous data suggested constitutive differences between spr2 and WT including increased expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and differences in redox …

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Classifying Interdependencies In The Food And Agriculture Critical Infrastructure Sector, John Doerpinghaus Dec 2018

Classifying Interdependencies In The Food And Agriculture Critical Infrastructure Sector, John Doerpinghaus

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This work classifies examples of infrastructure interdependencies found in the food and agriculture critical infrastructure sector. Interdependencies are identified through an examination of rice and poultry agriculture throughout the state of Arkansas. The subtleties of interdependence examples in the food and agriculture sector are inadequately captured by the well-studied interdependence classification taxonomies. Through 39 interviews, we develop an understanding of the subtle temporal, geographic, and productivity scales of interdependence in over 100 examples and present five new, distinct classifications of interdependence: (1) dynamic physical, (2) dynamic geographic, (3) deadline, (4) delay, and (5) human, economic, and natural resource interdependencies. An …

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Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila Suzukii) In Arkansas: Winter Morphs, Wild Hosts, And Fungal Control, Rosalee Knipp Dec 2018

Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila Suzukii) In Arkansas: Winter Morphs, Wild Hosts, And Fungal Control, Rosalee Knipp

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), or spotted wing drosophila (SWD), is an invasive fruit fly pest that was first found in the United States in 2008. Unlike native Drosophila, SWD females have a serrated ovipositor that allows them to attack ripening fruit. Since its introduction, it is unclear how and where they overwinter in Arkansas, what local hosts they utilize and what potential alternative tactics can be used to combat this pest. In states north of Arkansas, winter morphs (WM) of SWD are larger, darker pigmented, and can survive colder temperatures than SWD flies found in the summer. These WM were found …

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Relative Contribution Of Physical Interference And Allelopathy To Weed Suppression By Winter Annual Cover Crop Mixtures, Alyssa D. Travlos Dec 2018

Relative Contribution Of Physical Interference And Allelopathy To Weed Suppression By Winter Annual Cover Crop Mixtures, Alyssa D. Travlos

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Cover cropping systems are widely used in crop production systems to prevent erosion, improve soil health, and suppress weeds. Common cover cropping systems include combinations of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), Brassica species, legumes, and other winter annual species. Three cover crop mixtures (cereal rye alone, cereal rye plus winter pea, and cereal rye plus winter pea plus radish) were applied using three methods (fresh residue, dried leached residue, and leachate) to common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. The experiment was conducted once in a greenhouse and once in a …

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Effects Of Parafluvial Flows On Interstitial Ammonia And Freshwater Mussels In The Buffalo National River, David Alan Johnson Dec 2018

Effects Of Parafluvial Flows On Interstitial Ammonia And Freshwater Mussels In The Buffalo National River, David Alan Johnson

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Freshwater mussel populations and distributions have declined over the past several decades in the Buffalo River, Arkansas. Among many possible causes, this study tested the hypothesis that ammonia concentrations in parafluvial flows through gravel bars might be high enough to impair the survival and growth of juvenile mussels. Ammonia, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured in interstitial and water column samples from gravel bars to test for possible longitudinal gradients. Samples were taken along 3 large bars at locations within the Buffalo National River, at approximate bi-weekly intervals between June and September of 2010. Water sample ammonia concentrations were …

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Evaluation Of Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum L.) Cultivars And Air Root Pruning For Edible Greens Production In The Midwest, Jesse Lee Carroll Dec 2018

Evaluation Of Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum L.) Cultivars And Air Root Pruning For Edible Greens Production In The Midwest, Jesse Lee Carroll

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Goji berry plants (Lycium barbarum L.) are grown across the globe for their berries and the health benefits that come from eating those berries. However, in Ningxia, China, Goji berry plants are also grown as a source of edible greens. In order to harvest the young green shoots, the plants are subjected to intense pruning and kept as a small, low-growing shrub. There is little information on this method of Goji berry management and greens production in the United States. The purpose of this research is to determine if Goji berry cultivars grown for berry production in the United …

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Nesting Success And Habitat Preference Of The Barn Owl (Tyto Alba) In Southwest Missouri, Samantha Ann Meilink Dec 2018

Nesting Success And Habitat Preference Of The Barn Owl (Tyto Alba) In Southwest Missouri, Samantha Ann Meilink

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) is a cavity-dwelling species and has been known to inhabit both natural and artificial cavities, such as nest boxes. The Barn Owl has a global distribution and can be found as far north as British Columbia and as far south as South America. They have a stable population in the United States; however, although generally stable in the United States, Missouri populations have experienced recent declines, prompting their listing as a species of special concern. In order to assist conservation efforts, land cover needs to be assessed to determine where it is best to place …

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Effects Of Calcium Fertilization On Growth, Yield, And Nutrient Content Of Hydroponically Grown Radish Microgreens, Cady C. Goble Dec 2018

Effects Of Calcium Fertilization On Growth, Yield, And Nutrient Content Of Hydroponically Grown Radish Microgreens, Cady C. Goble

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Radish microgreens were grown in a hydroponic wicking system and subjected to a range of calcium chloride (Ca) solutions to evaluate growth, yield, and mineral content. A solution range of 0 to 160 mM Ca was applied to determine upper limits of Ca fertilization. Solutions above 20 mM Ca showed toxic effects to germination and growth, while 5 and 10 mM Ca resulted in the greatest percent of shoots that grew to a desired size for harvest (%H), as well as greater average hypocotyl length per plant (HL) and cotyledon surface area per plant (CSA). For subsequent experiments, Ca solution …

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Effects Of Irrigation On Forage Growth Rates On Rotational Grazing Dairies, Zachary Davis Dec 2018

Effects Of Irrigation On Forage Growth Rates On Rotational Grazing Dairies, Zachary Davis

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The amount and timing of rainfall in Missouri can be very irregular. This causes issues for producers of agronomic products in the state who rely on forages for income. The most sensible approach to the problem is the use of irrigation. But there is little useful information to reference when implementing this management decision. By studying three different styles of irrigation (center pivot, spider, and k-line) on 4 species of forages native to Missouri (alfalfa, crabgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue/clover), this study provides valuable insight as to the cost and benefit of irrigation. The main goal is to produce …

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Impacts Of Cover Crop Mixtures On Productivity Of Cropping Systems, Brionna Lee West Dec 2018

Impacts Of Cover Crop Mixtures On Productivity Of Cropping Systems, Brionna Lee West

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

A field study and a meta-analysis were conducted to compare the impact of cover crops on carbon and nitrogen dynamics and cash crop yield. The field study included six treatments: winter cereal rye, winter cereal rye-Austrian winter pea at two seeding rates, cereal rye-Austrian winter pea-radish at two seeding rates, and a no cover control. Meta-analysis data sets were compiled from studies published between 1994 and 2017. Treatments were grouped into the following classifications: monoculture, binary mix, polyculture, or control. In both the field study and meta-analysis, cover crops did not affect cash crop yield. However, plant biomass and plant …

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Phosphate Removal And Recovery Using Immobilized Phosphatebinding Proteins, Kaushik Venkiteshwaran, Nilisha Pokhrel, Faten Hussein, Edwin Antony, Brooke K. Mayer Dec 2018

Phosphate Removal And Recovery Using Immobilized Phosphatebinding Proteins, Kaushik Venkiteshwaran, Nilisha Pokhrel, Faten Hussein, Edwin Antony, Brooke K. Mayer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Progress towards a more circular phosphorus economy necessitates development of innovative water treatment systems which can reversibly remove inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ultra-low levels (<100 μg L−1), and subsequently recover the Pi for reuse. In this study, a novel approach using the high-affinity E. coli phosphate binding protein (PBP) as a reusable Pi bio-adsorbent was investigated. PBP was expressed, extracted, purified and immobilized on NHS-activated Sepharose beads. The resultant PBP beads were saturated with Pi and exposed to varying pH (pH 4.7 to 12.5) and temperatures (25–45 °C) to induce Pi release. Increase in …

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Business Sustainability: Moving From Thought To Action, Emily Skill, Roslynn Mccann Dec 2018

Business Sustainability: Moving From Thought To Action, Emily Skill, Roslynn Mccann

All Current Publications

This guide will help businesses develop a sustainability goal, understand the behavior changes necessary to meet goals, understand the behavior changes necessary to meet goals, provide successful techniques to achieve those behavior changes, and outline the implementation of a successful plan to reach those goals.

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Business Sustainability: Moving From Thought To Action, Emily Skill, Roslynn Mccann Dec 2018

Business Sustainability: Moving From Thought To Action, Emily Skill, Roslynn Mccann

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes what a sustainable business is and will help businesses develop a sustainability goal, understand the behavior changes necessary to meet that goal, provide techniques to achieve those behavior changes, and outline the implementation of a successful plan.

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Red Mite On Blackberry [Acalitus Essigi (Hassan)], Michael Caron, Sheriden M. Hansen, Taun Beddes, Ryan Davis, Ann Mull, Diane G. Alston, Claudia Nischwitz Dec 2018

Red Mite On Blackberry [Acalitus Essigi (Hassan)], Michael Caron, Sheriden M. Hansen, Taun Beddes, Ryan Davis, Ann Mull, Diane G. Alston, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

Redberry mite is a microscopic pest of blackberry that causes drupelets (small fruit sections) to remain hard and red (or less commonly hard and green) on an otherwise normally-ripened blackberry. The red drupelets can occur from a single drupelet to the entire berry. Redberry mite largely affects late-maturing blackberry varieties. Once it is detected, control is ineffective for that season's crop; control can be obtained in subsequent seasons by a variety of management practices. It was first reported in Utah in 2017 in Davis County

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Size And Scope Of Box Elder County Agriculture 2018, Michael Pace, Joshua Dallin, Ryan Larsen Dec 2018

Size And Scope Of Box Elder County Agriculture 2018, Michael Pace, Joshua Dallin, Ryan Larsen

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes agriculture in Box Elder County, Utah, and includes location, land ownership, growing season, crop production, irrigation water, livestock production, disease and health concerns, marketing, farm income, and demographics.

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Palm Trees For Southern Utah, Rick Heflebower Dec 2018

Palm Trees For Southern Utah, Rick Heflebower

All Current Publications

This fact sheet gives information on selecting and growing the palm tree species recommended for the St. George area.

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Successfully Inter-Seeding Legumes Into Existing Cool-Season Pastures, Jacob Briscoe, Earl Creech, Michael Peel, Blair Waldron, Grant Cardon, Kevin Heaton Dec 2018

Successfully Inter-Seeding Legumes Into Existing Cool-Season Pastures, Jacob Briscoe, Earl Creech, Michael Peel, Blair Waldron, Grant Cardon, Kevin Heaton

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides research based guidance on the most effective way to inter-seed legumes into existing pasture which will create a more sustainable grazing system.

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Premium Potential For Organic Wheat Products, Kynda R. Curtis, Tatiana Drugova, Haylea Thomason Dec 2018

Premium Potential For Organic Wheat Products, Kynda R. Curtis, Tatiana Drugova, Haylea Thomason

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides an overview of the premiums consumers in the Western U.S. are willing to pay for organic wheat products, as well as their knowledge of organic production methods, and opinions and attitudes toward organic food products in general.

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Who Are Organic Wheat Consumers?, Kynda R. Curtis, Tatiana Drugova, Haylea Thomason Dec 2018

Who Are Organic Wheat Consumers?, Kynda R. Curtis, Tatiana Drugova, Haylea Thomason

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides an overview of the socio-demographics, attitudes, and preferences of organic wheat consumers in the Western U.S. It discusses information on what food attributes these consumers value most along with their lifestyle and shopping habits.

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Estimating Market Size And Price For Fresh Produce Sales, Kynda R. Curtis, Sierra Allen Dec 2018

Estimating Market Size And Price For Fresh Produce Sales, Kynda R. Curtis, Sierra Allen

All Current Publications

This fact sheet discusses the process and tools available for estimating market size, as well as assessing profitable pricing, along with examples and pricing resources for fresh produce and food products.

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Labeling And Product Characteristic Preferences Of Organic Food Buyers, Kynda R. Curtis, Tatiana Drugova, Haylea Thomason Dec 2018

Labeling And Product Characteristic Preferences Of Organic Food Buyers, Kynda R. Curtis, Tatiana Drugova, Haylea Thomason

All Current Publications

This fact sheet discusses the results of an online survey conducted in 2017 across 16 western states via Qualtrics. Just over one thousand residents responded to the survey. The goal of the survey was to examine what types of consumer characteristics, attitudes, concerns, and past consumption habits define a typical consumer of organic wheat products and also examine what factors play into their organic food purchase decisions.

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Get Educated: Understanding Federal Student Loans, Wynell Pettett, Marilyn Albertson Dec 2018

Get Educated: Understanding Federal Student Loans, Wynell Pettett, Marilyn Albertson

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides tips on understanding financial aid options for students. It includes description of various student loans, how to begin the loan process, paying loans back, loan forgiveness, and consequences of default.

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2018 Outlook And Analysis Letter, The Vital Statistics Of America's State Park System, Jordan Smith, Yu-Fai Leung Dec 2018

2018 Outlook And Analysis Letter, The Vital Statistics Of America's State Park System, Jordan Smith, Yu-Fai Leung

All Current Publications

The annual Outlook and Analysis Letter presents the ‘vital statistics’ that characterize the operation and use of the nation’s 50 state park systems. In the report, we detail historical trends relevant to state park system management using data within the Annual Information Exchange (AIX) archive. The Outlook and Analysis Letter illustrates annual values aggregated across the 50 state park systems between the years of 1984 and 2017 for each of the following measures: Attendance; Operating Expenditures; Capital Expenditures; Revenues; Labor; and Acreage. In addition to the historical trends, we also present projected values for each measure into the near future …

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Insights Into The Reactivation, Regulation And Essentiality Of Oxidative Protein Folding Pathways In Actinobacteria, Belkys Sanchez Dec 2018

Insights Into The Reactivation, Regulation And Essentiality Of Oxidative Protein Folding Pathways In Actinobacteria, Belkys Sanchez

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Accurate disulfide bond formation is important for proper folding, stability and function of exported proteins. The process of disulfide bond formation, termed oxidative protein folding, is catalyzed by thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase enzymes. Oxidative protein folding pathways influence processes essential for bacterial physiology and pathogenicity. In the Gram-positive actinobacterial pathogens Actinomyces oris and Corynebacterium diphtheriae oxidative protein folding is catalyzed by the primary thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase MdbA. MdbA is required for assembly of adhesive pilus, which mediate receptor-dependent bacterial interactions, or coaggregation, in A. oris. In the first part of this dissertation, I identify components of the electron transport chain (ETC) required for …

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Ph-Induced Folding Of The Caspase-Cleaved Par-4 Tumor Suppressor: Evidence Of Structure Outside Of The Coiled Coil Domain, Andrea M. Clark, Komala Ponniah, Meghan S. Warden, Emily M. Raitt, Andrea C. Yawn, Stephen M. Pascal Dec 2018

Ph-Induced Folding Of The Caspase-Cleaved Par-4 Tumor Suppressor: Evidence Of Structure Outside Of The Coiled Coil Domain, Andrea M. Clark, Komala Ponniah, Meghan S. Warden, Emily M. Raitt, Andrea C. Yawn, Stephen M. Pascal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a 38 kDa largely intrinsically disordered tumor suppressor protein that functions in cancer cell apoptosis. Par-4 down-regulation is often observed in cancer while up-regulation is characteristic of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Cleavage of Par-4 by caspase-3 activates tumor suppression via formation of an approximately 25 kDa fragment (cl-Par-4) that enters the nucleus and inhibits Bcl-2 and NF-ƙB, which function in pro-survival pathways. Here, we have investigated the structure of cl-Par-4 using biophysical techniques including circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence. The results demonstrate pH-dependent folding of cl-Par-4, …

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Grazing Strategy Effects On Utilization, Animal Performance, Aboveground Production, Species Composition, And Soil Properties On Nebraska Sandhills Meadow, Aaron Shropshire Dec 2018

Grazing Strategy Effects On Utilization, Animal Performance, Aboveground Production, Species Composition, And Soil Properties On Nebraska Sandhills Meadow, Aaron Shropshire

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Ultrahigh stocking density (a.k.a., mob grazing) is proposed as a management tool that results in greater harvest efficiency, animal performance, aboveground plant production, species richness, and soil carbon content. The study objective was to determine grazing treatment, haying, or non-defoliated control effects on forage utilization, aboveground production, animal performance, and soil properties. In 2010, 25 ha of Sandhills meadow were divided into 2 replications of 3 grazing, a hay, and control treatment. Grazing treatments were a 120-pasture rotation with one grazing cycle (mob), a 4-pasture rotation with one cycle (4PR1), and a 4-pasture rotation with two cycles (4PR2) at stocking …

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Viral Prevalence Among Social Bees In Different Landscapes, Tugce Karacoban Dec 2018

Viral Prevalence Among Social Bees In Different Landscapes, Tugce Karacoban

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Honey bees and wild bees provide important pollination services to numerous crops and native plants. In recent years, declines in bee populations have highlighted the importance of the ecological services they provide and the need for more research into the reasons for their decline. Currently, many conservation efforts to mitigate bee losses include increasing forage and habitat, however, there is growing concern over the role interspecific pathogen transmission plays in bee decline. Viruses commonly found in honey bees may be transmitted and pose a threat to other bee species when bees come together at foraging sites. To elucidate the impact …

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Relationships Among Biodiversity Dimensions Of Birds In Nebraska, Nadejda Mirochnitchenko Dec 2018

Relationships Among Biodiversity Dimensions Of Birds In Nebraska, Nadejda Mirochnitchenko

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is a multi-dimensional concept that can be decomposed to measure information about taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional variation within communities. Although the dimensions of biodiversity are interrelated, the assumption that measuring one dimension of diversity can inform about patterns in another dimension does not necessarily follow from theory or empirical study. The relationships among biodiversity dimensions is not well understood, nor how differences among dimensions could influence conservation decision making. Using the avian community as a study system, we explored the relationships of breadth metrics from the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions among each other and across …

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The Biological Significance And Utility Of Feeding By Dermestes Maculatus, Braymond Adams Dec 2018

The Biological Significance And Utility Of Feeding By Dermestes Maculatus, Braymond Adams

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

With their efficient feeding habits and tolerance to very low moisture and humidity, beetles in the Family Dermestidae are especially adapted to variable environments and habitats. Dermestid cultures have been in use since 1922 in cleaning tissue and flesh from bones, and proven benefit in multiple fields, including zoology, ornithology, and forensics. Dermestid feeding behaviors when coupled with known life stage and insect succession information aids in providing significant entomological evidence. However, the feeding activities of insects, like those of vertebrate scavengers and predators, change remains and may leave artifacts that can be sometimes be difficult to assign to a …

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