Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Corpus Luteum: Quality And Recovery Rate Of Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Oocytes, Lakshman Sahoo, Suresh K. Singla

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Recovery rate and quality of oocytes were investigated from abattoir collected ovaries with and without corpora lutea (CL). The oocytes were categorized into four grades: grade-A, grade-B, grade-C, and grade-D based on the presence of the cumulus cells complex around the oocytes. The number of oocytes per ovary were 1.7 ±0.1 and 1.5 ±0.1, obtained from ovaries without CL and with CL, respectively. Recovery rate of different grades of oocytes from ovaries with CL and without CL were almost identical.

Relative Transit Time Of Chyme Between Duodenal And Jejunal Segments Of The Small Intestine Of Cattle, Alejandro Plascencia, Maria Alejandra Lopez-Soto, Victor Manuel Gonzalez, Francisco Javier Monge, Richard Zinn

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two steers (228 ± 4.5 kg) equipped with \"T\" type cannulas in the proximal duodenum, duodenal-jejunal juncture, and distal ileum were used to measure transit time of chyme within the duodenum and jejunum. Steers were fed (as fed basis) with 5.75 kg of chopped alfalfa hay per day. The transit time was measured during 3 consecutive days using aniline dye, which was pulse-dosed via the duodenal and jejunal cannulas. The site of each cannula placement was confirmed and the small intestine was dissected and measured. Time required between the infusion of aniline dye into the proximal duodenal cannula and its …

Vertical Transmission Of Porcine Circovirus 2b (Pcv2b) To Mouse Fetuses In Maternal Uterus By Artificial Insemination With Semen From Pcv2b-Infected Male Mouse, Deng Zhibang, Gong Qianlong, Wang Naidong, Yuan Anwen, Yu Xing Long

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to investigate whether porcine circovirus 2b (PCV2b) can be replicated in the spermatids of mice and whether semen from PCV2b-infected male mice can induce reproductive failure in female mice, 10 male Kunming mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with PCV2b, and 10 female Kunming mice were artificial inseminated with semen from the PCV2b-inoculated male mice. Semen from inoculated male mice and newborn mice or dead fetuses from inseminated female mice were tested for PCV2b by polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescent histochemistry. The results showed that PCV2b was capable of being replicated in spermatids in Kunming mice and …

Fungal Peritonitis In Dog Caused By Candida Albicans - A Case Report And Literature Overview, Kamila Glinska, Marcin Jankowski, Krzysztof Kubiak, Jolanta Spuzak, Maciej Grzegory, Stanislaw Dzimira

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This clinical case concerns a male dog of Pointer breed, 10 years of age. The clinical examination revealed severe tenderness and a tension in the abdominal walls. The ultrasound examination detected fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The fluid collected from the peritoneal cavity displayed typical features of exudative fluid. In the cytological examination of the fluid, numerous stimulated endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were found. In the microbiological examination of the peritoneal fluid, Candida albicans was cultured. On the basis of the clinical signs, laboratory test results of the peritoneal fluid, and microbiological culture, the diagnosis of fungal peritonitis was …

The Use Of Moringa Oleifera In Poultry Diets, Talha E. Abbas

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Poultry production sectors in developing countries are facing some problems, one of which is an increase in the cost of feed due to high prices of protein and energy sources. In addition, they are also faced with the problem of the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens due to unwise and excessive use of antibiotics. Researchers are therefore looking for cheap, available, and safe alternative sources of protein and energy. In addition, scientists are also searching for natural antimicrobial ingredients. Some tropical legumes and plants were introduced into poultry diets as protein sources to decrease the cost of the feed. Recent studies …

Polymorphism Of 5’ Regulatory Region Of Caprine Fshr Gene And Its Association With Litter Size In Jining Grey Goat, Xiaohong Guo, Yang Li, Mingxing Chu, Chunjing Feng, Ran Di, Qiuyue Liu, Tao Feng, Guiling Cao, Dongwei Huang, Li Fang, Qianqian Tang, Yuehui Ma, Kui Li

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the 5' regulatory region of the FSHR gene were detected in 3 goat breeds (Jining Grey, Boer, and Inner Mongolia Cashmere) by the polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism method, and its effects on litter size in Jining Grey goats were also evaluated. Concerning primer P1, 2 genotypes (AA and BB) were detected in Boer goats, while only the AA genotype was identified in Jining Grey and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats. Sequencing revealed a T->A transversion at the 26th position and an A->C transversion at the 61st position of the amplified region in genotype BB …

Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Antibiotic-Resistant Soil And Manure Bacteria Adjacent To Swine Production Facilities, Meli̇ke Eki̇zoğlu, Satoshi Koike, Ivan Krapac, Mahmut Nedi̇m Sultan, Roderick Mackie

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to identify phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from soil and manure samples obtained from a farm where tetracycline and tylosin were used extensively. Samples were collected from the manure and soil, before and after manure application. All of the 151 bacteria were identified based on BLAST results. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution and E-test methods. Class-specific primers were used to amplify 6 erythromycin and 7 tetracycline resistance (Tc^r) genes for 46 tetracycline- and 18 erythromycin-resistant isolates. Tc^r gene sequence identity between different species of isolates was identified to investigate the dissemination …

Enhancement Of Immune Response For Newcastle Disease Vaccine Using A Combined Adjuvant Solution Of Astragalus Polysaccharides, Levamisole, And Selenoprotein, Yaogui Sun, Xiaojing Xie, Junping He, Junbing Jiang, Ruiyan Niu, Yuansheng Bai, Hongquan Li

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The Newcastle disease vaccine strain I (ND I vaccine) was reconstituted using a 3-component combined adjuvant solution containing Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), levamisole (LMS), and selenoprotein (Se). A total of 200 Hy-Line brown chickens, 60 days of age, were randomly assigned into 10 groups. The first group was a negative control and was immunized using the phosphate buffered saline-reconstituted vaccine. The other 9 groups were immunized using the vaccine reconstituted with the combined adjuvant solution. The serum and blood samples were collected on days 7, 14, 21, 27, 35, and 42 after the vaccinations and were analyzed for IgG, IL-2, and …

Comparative Evaluation Of Liquid-Phase Blocking Elisa And Solid-Phase Competition Elisa Methods For The Detection Of Antibodies To The Structural Proteins Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Types O And A Viruses, Murat Şevi̇k, Fahri̇ Ferudun Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, we compared 2 methods, liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) and solid-phase competition ELISA (SPCE), for the detection of antibodies to the structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). These methods were compared using sera collected from cattle (n = 30) without a history of foot-and-mouth disease infection or vaccination, cattle (n = 180) vaccinated with oil-adjuvanted bivalent vaccine, and international reference sera (positive, weak positive, and negative) for FMDV serotypes O and A. The results showed that SPCE had a better specificity (96.67% for serotype O and 100% for serotype A) than LPBE (90% for serotype O and …

Acute Toxicity Of Diazinon And Its Effects On Hematological Parameters In The Indian Carp, Cirrhinus Mrigala (Hamilton), Abdul Rauf, Naeemuddin Arain

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Diazinon is a commonly used pesticide and its existence in the fresh water reservoirs of Pakistan has been reported by some authors. A semistatic experiment was conducted to find out the acute toxicity of diazinon as an aquatic pollutant on some hematological parameters of Indian carp (Cirrhinus mrigala). The 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h LC50 values of diazinon for Indian carp were estimated as 17.32 mg/L, 15.39 mg/L, 12.64 mg/L, 10.98 mg/L, and 8.15 mg/L respectively. A significant increase in the number of dead fish was observed as the concentration of diazinon and exposure time increased (P < 0.05). The results after acute exposure to 8.15 mg/L of diazinon for 96 h showed that compared to the control fish, the total erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in exposed fish. The mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of both groups remained unchanged during the study. In conclusion, acute exposure to LC50 values of diazinon induced hematological alterations in Indian carp and offers a tool to evaluate toxicity derived alterations.

A New Model For Partial Immobilization Of Rat Hind Limb After Achilles Tendon Excision/Reinterposition, Cansin Güngörmüş, Mehmet Alper Çeti̇nkaya, Alper Demi̇rutku

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

There have been several attempts to repair the Achilles tendon by surgery or replacement with graft materials. Because tissue repair is a complex process, tendon healing occurs slowly. In rats, immobilization of the limb is essential during recovery. There are immobilization methods such as plaster or fiber casting. According to prolonged recovery, most of the procedures cause skin ulceration, decrease in weight, restrictions in checking the surgery area, and slipping out of the cast. Our aim was to apply a suture around the defect for immobilization. Tendons of 30 male Wistar rats (250 ± 50 g and aged 8 ± …

Helical Computed Tomography Application In Rabbit Liver Anatomy: Comparison With Frozen Cross-Sectional Cuts, Kamelia Stamatova Yovcheva, Rosen Dimitrov, Yuliana Toneva, Penka Yonkova, Dimitar Kostov, Anton Rusenov, Krassimira Uzunova, Violeta Yordanova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Our focus has been to study and compare the anatomical helical computed tomography (CT) features of the normal rabbit liver with its native cross-sectional anatomy. Helical CT was used for scanning the cranial part of the abdominal cavity. The slice thickness was 5 mm. Frozen transversal anatomic cross-sections with a thickness of 10 mm were obtained from the cranial abdominal part of 4 animals following euthanasia. They were compared with the corresponding helical CT scans. At Th9 (thoracic vertebra), the helical CT images showed in the whole aspect a normal liver. It was a massive, heterogeneous, soft tissue, with normal …

Effect Of Oxytocin Treatment On The Reproductive Performance Of Sows After Artificial Insemination With Liquid Semen, Kamil Duzinski, Damian Knecht, Pawel Gajewczyk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of oxytocin treatment at the time of insemination on fertility and prolificacy of sows during the summer season (July and September). The study included 107 Polish Large White × Polish Landrace sows divided into 3 groups: C, control (without oxytocin); I, experimental (5 IU oxytocin administrated intramuscularly per sow, 2 min before insemination); and II, experimental (5 IU of oxytocin added into a 100-mL seminal dose, at the time of insemination). Semen was collected from 11 boars: 2 Polish Large White, 5 Polish Landrace, and 4 Duroc × Pietrain. The highest farrowing …

Consumer Preferences And Consumption Situation Of Chicken Meat In Ankara Province, Turkey, Yilmaz Aral, Erol Aydin, Pinar Demi̇r, Ahmet Cumhur Akin, Yavuz Cevger, Çağla Yüksel Kaya Kuyululu, Mehmet Saltuk Arikan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to create a chicken meat consumption profile, including factors that influenced buying habits and consumer preferences. Data were obtained from surveys conducted face-to-face with 450 household heads in the city center of Ankara. In the study, the average size of the household and the total monthly household consumption of chicken meat were determined to be 3.9 persons and 3.31 kg, respectively. The majority of participants claimed that their average chicken meat consumption would increase by 82.0% if their total real household income increased by 100%. Of those surveyed, 32.9% preferred chicken as a first choice …

Microbiological And Parasitological Quality Of Honey Produced In İstanbul, Emek Dümen, Hayretti̇n Akkaya, Gülay Merve Öz, Funda Hati̇ce Sezgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, 500 honey samples (with combs) were collected directly from the hives in various parts of İstanbul. The presence and the interactions of different microbiological and parasitological parameters (coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Ascosphaera apis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus pluton, and Nosema spp.) were investigated. According to the results, 80 samples (16%) tested positive for coliforms, 18 samples (3.6%) for E. coli, 67 samples (13.4%) for S. aureus, 51 samples (10.2%) for A. apis, 22 samples (4.4%) for A. flavus, 32 samples (6.4%) for A. fumigatus, 16 samples (3.2%) for P. larvae, 29 samples (5.8%) …

The First Record Of Pseudoscorpions In Honeybee Hives In Turkey, Ahmet Onur Gi̇ri̇şgi̇n, Oya Gi̇ri̇şgi̇n, Mark Harvey

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Three pseudoscorpions identified as Neobisium validum were found in a honeybee hive in Bursa Province of Turkey. They were collected from the bottom of the hive but no relationship between the pseudoscorpions and bees was observed. This case is a first report of pseudoscorpions in a honeybee hive from Turkey.

The First Report Of Morbidity And Mortality In Golden Pheasant, Chrysolophus Pictus, Due To A Mixed Infection Of Heterakis Gallinarum And H. Isolonche In Iran, Ali Halajian, John Michael Kinsella, Pejman Mortazavi, Mohammad Abedi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Following deaths in a flock of Golden Pheasants, Chrysolophus pictus, in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, during June 2008, necropsies of dead birds were undertaken and revealed a heavy mixed infection of Heterakis isolonche and H. gallinarum in the caeca, which were heavily swollen with gross nodules on the surface. Infected caeca were studied histopathologically and surviving birds were treated with fenbendazole 2.5% (20 mg/kg), with a second course 3 weeks later. No further mortality was seen in the flock. This is the first documented report of Heterakis isolonche in Iran, and also the first report of a concurrent infection of …

Comparison Of The Ovine Prion Protein Genotype Profiles Of Breeds Tigaie With Black Head And Merino, Stelian Baraitareanu, Maria Rodica Otelea, Mihaela Zaulet, Kurt Schneider, Mihai Turcitu, Leonardo Leonardi, Doina Danes

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A comparison between a rare old breed and a common breed of ovine prion protein (PrP) genotype profiles was performed in 3 Romanian sheep flocks. The total number of animals used in the research was 698 sheep, of which 53 were Merino breed (MB) rams, 12 were Tigaie with Black Head breed (TBHB) rams, 340 were MB ewes, and 293 were TBHB ewes. The PrP genotype was investigated by identification of codons 136, 154, and 171 and by gene sequencing between codons 101 and 227. All sheep groups contained the ARR, AHQ, ARH, ARQ, and VRQ haplotypes, with frequencies ranging …

Genetic Polymorphisms Of Fam13a1, Opn, Lap3, And Hcap-G Genes In Jersey Cattle, Inga Kowalewska Luczak, Hanna Kulig

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this experiment was to estimate possible associations between FAM13A1, OPN, LAP3, and HCAP-G genotypes and some milk performance traits, like daily milk yields (kg), protein content (%), and fat content (%). The study included 181 Jersey cows. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and artificial constructed restriction sites methods were used to identify genotypes. The minor allele frequencies were as follow: FAM13A1 G/A 0.34, FAM13A1 A/C 0.44, OPN T/C 0.22, OPN G/T 0.38, LAP3 0.07, and HCAP-G 0.49. No associations were observed between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in analyzed loci and the traits in this study; however, …

Levamisole Enhances Global And Differential Leukocyte Numbers In Peripheral Blood Of Dogs With Ehrlichiosis, Dhagma Renata Denis Souza, Andreia Lima Tome Melo, Livia Saab Muraro, Daniel Moura Aguiar, Deijanira Albuquerque

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by Ehrlichia, a genus of obligatory intracellular bacteria that parasitize leukocytes and provoke several hematological alterations. In this work, we investigated the effect of levamisole associated with doxycycline on peripheral leukocytes in dogs PCR-positive for ehrlichial DNA. Twenty-one Ehrlichia-infected dogs were randomly distributed in 2 groups: a control group (n = 10) and a levamisole-treated group (n = 11). Blood samples were collected from each animal for hematological and DNA analysis both before initiating the experiment and 5 days later. All dogs were treated with doxycycline (10 mg/kg body weight), cimetidine (5 mg/kg of body …

The Protective And Therapeutic Effect Of Phenoxy-2-Methyl-2-Propionic Acid On Experimental Fatty Liver In Rats, Ümmügülsüm Gümüş, Gülbi̇n Şennazli, Utku Bakirel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the potential protective and therapeutic effect of phenoxy-2-methyl-2-propionic acid (PMPA) was investigated in rats with experimental hepatic steatosis induced by a carbon tetrachloride and paraffin liquid mixture (1:1). Forty Wistar albino rats were allocated to 4 groups with 10 rats in each. Group 1 was administered a saline solution; group 2 was administered the carbon tetrachloride and paraffin liquid mixture; group 3 was administered the carbon tetrachloride and paraffin liquid mixture and PMPA for 7 days; and in group 4, hepatic steatosis was created with the carbon tetrachloride and paraffin liquid mixture during the first 7 days, …

Light And Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies On The Lingual Papillae Of 80-Day-Old Wild Pig Fetal Siblings, Sevi̇nç Ateş, Yeşi̇m Akaydin Bozkurt, Tolunay Kozlu, Aydin Alan, Ayhan Düzler

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study examined the lingual papillae of 80-day-old wild pig fetal siblings through macroscopic and light and scanning electron microscopic observations. The results revealed that fungiform papillae were located on every aspect of the tongue except the ventral surface and the center of the dorsal surface. Conical papillae were present on the dorsal surface of the root of the tongue and marginal papillae were observed on the lateral edges of the tip of the tongue. There were 2 vallate papillae on the dorsal and 2 foliate papillae on the lateral aspects of the root of the tongue. The filiform papillae …

Effect Of Paragenetic Factors On Race Time In A Small Population Of Trotters, Ljuba Strbac, Snezana Trivunovic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Based on the information from the Trotting Association of Serbia, we analyzed the effect of paragenetic factors on the race times of trotters born between 1995 and 2005. Data consisted of 3435 observations of 141 trotters. The fixed effects of sex, racetrack, season, age, and distance were used to generate a linear regression model. All the observed factors had a highly significant influence on race times. On average, stallions, compared to mares and geldings, had statistically significantly faster race times (P < 0.01), while there was also a statistically significant difference between mares and the slower geldings (P < 0.05). Race horses produced their best results in the summer season (May, June, July, and August). The race times of trotters decreased as the age of the horses increased, i.e. between age and race time, there was a statistically significant negative correlation, while between distance and race time there was a statistically significant positive correlation. These results will aid in decision making about which fixed factors should be included in estimation of breeding values, even when the number of horses in the gene pool is relatively small. Incorporation of such data should enable better selection of trotting horses for breeding purposes, as it would be based on measured performance criteria.

Effects Of Sodium Lactate On The Presence Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Enterotoxins In Çiğ Köfte (Raw Meatball), Enver Bariş Bi̇ngöl, Ömer Çeti̇n, Hi̇lal Çolak Üzüm, Hamparsun Hampi̇kyan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Çiğ köfte is a traditional raw meat product consumed almost everywhere in Turkey. It has a poor hygienic quality and can contain several pathogenic bacteria as no heating or cooking process is applied during any stage of manufacturing. The effects of sodium lactate on the presence of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated during the display-life of çiğ köfte and the formation of enterotoxins was also investigated. For this purpose, çiğ köfte samples were manufactured with different concentrations of sodium lactate (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% NaL) and examined either in ambient (20 ± 2 °C) or refrigerator (4 ± 2 °C) …

Semen Quality In White Leghorn Chicken Selected For Egg Production Traits, Shanmugam Murugesan, Niranjan Matam, Rakesh Kulkarni, Tarun Kumar Bhattacharya, Rudranath Chatterjee

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of selection for egg production traits in White Leghorn chicken based upon the semen quality. Males of 3 pure lines of White Leghorn, namely IWH, IWI, and IWK, along with a pedigree random-bred control (IWC) population, were selected and housed in individual cages. The semen collected from individual birds was evaluated for different physical and biochemical parameters. There was significant (P =< 0.013) difference in semen quality parameters studied between the lines. High egg-producing lines IWH and IWI had poor semen quality in comparison with that of the control line (IWC). Thus, it can be concluded that selection for higher egg production affects the semen quality of males in the selected lines.

Prevalence Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli And Pathogenic Leptospira Spp. In Rodents From Outdoor Farms In Western Spain, Alfredo Garcia, Remigio Martinez, Lourdes Garcia, Jose Manuel Benitez-Medina, David Risco, Waldo Luis Garcia, Joaquin Rey, Juan Manuel Alonso, Angeli Kodjo

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Sixty-five rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 5 mice (Mus musculus) were trapped from 8 outdoor farms and the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli was not detected in any individual. Nevertheless, using the microscopic agglutination test, it was found that 20% (13/65) of rat serum samples were positive for anti-Leptospira antibodies, and DNA of pathogenic leptospires was detected in 3.07% (2/65) of the rat kidneys by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The most common infecting serovar was Castellonis (7.69%), followed by Canicola (6.15%) and Mangus (6.15%). According to these results, rats from outdoor farms may be considered a reservoir host for Leptospira …

Decoration Of Graphene With Metal Nanoparticles And Its Application For Bioanalysis, Keun Soo Kwon

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Graphene is a two-dimensional monolayer of tightly packed sp² hybridized Carbon atoms. Formed from graphite, the theoretical surface area of the monolayer is about 2630 m²/g, and the initial formation of graphene oxide from graphite oxide introduces a variety o f functional groups, such as -COOH, -C=0, and -OH, on its surface. The high surface area and the rich presence of functional groups, along with the potential formation o f sp² bonding networks within graphene oxide, all serve as critical factors allowing for additional chemical modifications. There are extensive research attempts being performed to explore and …

The Nagoya Protocol And Synthetic Biology Research: A Look At The Potential Impacts, Margo A. Bagley, Arti K. Rai

Faculty Scholarship

This report, prepared for the Synthetic Biology Project at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, analyzes the 2010 Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity and how it may affect U.S. researchers working in the field of synthetic biology. The objective of the Protocol is to provide a transparent framework for the acquisition and sharing of genetic resources on fair and equitable terms that facilitate the conservation of biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge. The report finds significant uncertainty surrounding the temporal scope of the Agreement as well as the types of genetic material that will be covered …

Boronic Acids As Penicillinase Inhibitors, Juan F. Barquero

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

β-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria resistant to antibiotics. A common feature on beta lactam antibiotics is the beta-lactam ring. β-lactamases hydrolyze the β-lactam ring leaving the antibiotic inoperative. The advent of bacteria that are resistant to β-lactams has impelled researchers to find inhibitors for β-lactamases that mimic the lactam ring but do not get hydrolyzed. One group of these new antibiotics is the aryl boronic acids. The main reason the boronic acids have been chosen as potential drugs is their lack of toxicity and their easy excretion in the urine. One of the most important structural features of these …

Scaling Food Security: A Political Ecology Of Agricultural Policies And Practices In Bukidnon, Philippines, Ryan Ehrhart

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Debates over food security strategies in the Philippines have pitted the neoliberal paradigm of trade liberalization, export cropping, and chemical and biotech agricultural methods against the food sovereignty paradigm of protectionism, staple cropping, and sustainable agriculture methods.

The Philippine government has long pushed for yield increases of staples. However, there has been dissonance between governmental desires for rice self-sufficiency and pursuit of a more export-oriented agricultural economy. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank, and the World Trade Organization have pressured the government of the Philippines to adopt various tenets of neoliberalism (trade liberalization, privatization, deregulation, …