Life Sciences Commons^™

Forage News [2009-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at KCA
• 10th Kentucky Grazing Conference
• KFGC Presents Awards
• KFGC Update
• Caldwell Willig is New Kentucky Forage Spokesman
• Forage Testing A Must for This Years' Hay Crop
• "Growing Alfalfa in the South" & "Understanding Forage Quality" New Available on NAF Website
• It's the Pitts: A Can of Worms
• Estimating Clover Percentage in Your Pasture
• Upcoming Events

Aging Influences The Neural Correlates Of Lexical Decision But Not Automatic Semantic Priming, Brian T. Gold, Anders H. Andersen, Greg A. Jicha, Charles D. Smith

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Human behavioral data indicate that older adults are slower to perform lexical decisions (LDs) than young adults but show similar reaction time gains when these decisions are primed semantically. The present study explored the functional neuroanatomic bases of these frequently observed behavioral findings. Young and older groups completed unprimed and primed LD tasks while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was recorded, using a fully randomized trial design paralleling those used in behavioral research. Results from the unprimed task found that age-related slowing of LD was associated with decreased activation in perceptual extrastriate regions and increased activation in regions associated with …

A 2009 Supplement To Birds Of The Rocky Mountains, Paul A. Johnsgard

Birds of the Rocky Mountains by Paul A. Johnsgard

More than 20 years have elapsed since the publication of Birds of the Rocky Mountains, and many changes have occurred in that region’s ecology and bird life. There has also been a marked increase in recreational bird-watching, and an associated need for informative regional references on where and when to look for rare or especially appealing birds. As a result, an updating of the text seemed appropriate, especially as to the species accounts and the technical literature. The following update includes all those species that have undergone changes in their vernacular or Latin names, have had important changes in ranges, …

Birds Of The Rocky Mountains—Introduction, Paul A. Johnsgard

Birds of the Rocky Mountains by Paul A. Johnsgard

The Rocky Mountains represent the longest and in general the highest of the North American mountain ranges, extending for nearly two thousand miles from their origins in Alaska and northwestern Canada southward to their terminus in New Mexico, and forming the continental divide for this entire length. As such, these mountains have provided a convenient corridor for northward and southward movement of both plants and animal life, but on the other hand have produced important barriers to eastern and western plant and animal movements. These effects result nat only from their height and physical nature, but also from their manifold …

Birds Of The Rocky Mountains—Checklist Of Birds Of The Rocky Mountain Parks, Paul A. Johnsgard

Birds of the Rocky Mountains by Paul A. Johnsgard

Checklist of Birds of the Rocky Mountain Parks:

United States: Rocky Mountain, Grand Teton, Yellowstone, Glacier
Canada: Waterton Lakes, Kootenay, Yoho, Banff/Jasper

Symbols: R = breeding resident; r = resident, breeding unproven; S = breeding summer resident; s = summer resident, breeding unproven; M = migrant, including wintering visitors; V = vagrant, out of normal range; X = extirpated from area; * = species also included in the Birds of the Great Plains (Johnsgard, 1979).

A 16-page table

Phylogeography Of The Frog Leptodactylus Validus (Amphibia: Anura): Patterns And Timing Of Colonization Events In The Lesser Antilles, Arley Camargo, W. Ronald Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

The frog Leptodactylus validus occurs in northern South America, Trinidad and Tobago, and the southern Lesser Antilles (Grenada and St. Vincent). Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to perform a nested clade phylogeographic analysis (NCPA), to date colonization events, and to analyze colonization patterns using on a relaxed molecular clock and coalescent simulations. L. validus originated on the mainland and first colonized Trinidad with subsequent independent colonizations of Tobago and the Lesser Antilles from Trinidad. The NCPA suggests a historical vicariant event between populations in Trinidad and Tobago from those in the Lesser Antilles. The colonization of Trinidad occurred 1 million …

Reliability Of A Brief Intercept Survey For Trail Use Behaviors, Philip J. Troped, Heather A. Whitcomb, Brent Hutto, Julian A. Reed, Steven P. Hooker

Kinesiology and Public Health

Purpose: This study assessed test-retest reliability of an interviewer-administered trail survey.

Methods: An intercept survey was conducted with adults using 2 paved trails in Indiana and South Carolina (N = 295; mean age = 46.9 ± 18 y). The survey included items on frequency and duration of trail use for recreation and transportation, other patterns of trail use, and sociodemographic characteristics. Fiftyfive adults completed the survey twice (2–16 d apart; mean = 7.4 ± 2.6 d). Test-retest reliability was assessed with Spearman rank correlation coefficients, Kappa coefficients, and percent agreement.

Results: Kappa coefficients and percent agreement for 9 categorical items …

Pillow Talk, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Genome 10k: A Proposal To Obtain Whole-Genome Sequence For 10000 Vertebrate Species, David Haussler, Stephen J. O'Brien, Oliver A. Ryder, F. Keith Barker, Michele Clamp, Andrew J. Crawford, Robert Hanner, Olivier Hanotte, Warren E. Johnson, Jimmy A. Mcguire, Webb Miller, Robert W. Murphy, William J. Murphy, Frederick H. Sheldon, Barry Sinervo, Byrappa Venkatesh, Edward O. Wiley, Fred W. Allendorf, George Amato, C. Scott Baker, Aaron Bauer, Albano Beja-Pereira, Eldredge Bermingham, Giacomo Bernardi, Cibele R. Bonvicino, Sydney Brenner, Terry Burke, Joel Cracraft, Mark Diekhans

Biology Faculty Articles

The human genome project has been recently complemented by whole-genome assessment sequence of 32 mammals and 24 nonmammalian vertebrate species suitable for comparative genomic analyses. Here we anticipate a precipitous drop in costs and increase in sequencing efficiency, with concomitant development of improved annotation technology and, therefore, propose to create a collection of tissue and DNA specimens for 10000 vertebrate species specifically designated for whole-genome sequencing in the very near future. For this purpose, we, the Genome 10K Community of Scientists (G10KCOS), will assemble and allocate a biospecimen collection of some 16203 representative vertebrate species spanning evolutionary diversity across living …

Nebline, November/December 2009

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Middle School Youth on a “Nutrition Mission”
Roasts – Easy to Make for the Holidays and Any Other Time, Too!
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Get a Handle on Holiday Cleaning
Radon—A Health Hazard
Computer Cleaning—Hotspots for Germs
Flexible Cash Lease Provisions
Thistle Control Still Possible This Fall — but Hurry
Use Season-Long Records to Assess Pumping Plant Performance
Diversity is the Key to Attracting Wildlife
Provide Basic Needs to Attract Birds
Relocating Problem Wild Animals: Not as Humane as Most People Think
Evergreen Colors for Winter
Fall Vegetable Garden …

Behavior Of Buff-Breasted Sandpipers (Tryngites Subruficollis) During Migratory Stopover In Agricultural Fields, John P. Mccarty, Joel G. Jorgensen, Lareesa Wolfenbarger

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

Background: Understanding the behavior of birds in agricultural habitats can be the first step in evaluating the conservation implications of birds’ use of landscapes shaped by modern agriculture. The existence and magnitude of risk from agricultural practices and the quality of resources agricultural lands provide will be determined largely by how birds use these habitats. Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Tryngites subruficollis) are a species of conservation concern. During spring migration large numbers of Buff-breasted Sandpipers stopover in row crop fields in the Rainwater Basin region of Nebraska. We used behavioral observations as a first step in evaluating how Buff-breasted Sandpipers …

Mapping Of The Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Oxa1-Mitochondrial Ribosome Interface And Identification Of Mrpl40, A Ribosomal Protein In Close Proximity To Oxa1 And Critical For Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex Assembly, Lixia Jia, Jasvinder Kaur, Rosemary A. Stuart

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The Oxa1 protein plays a central role in facilitating the cotranslational insertion of the nascent polypeptide chains into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mitochondrially encoded proteins are synthesized on matrix-localized ribosomes which are tethered to the inner membrane and in physical association with the Oxa1 protein. In the present study we used a chemical cross-linking approach to map the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Oxa1-ribosome interface, and we demonstrate here a close association of Oxa1 and the large ribosomal subunit protein, MrpL40. Evidence to indicate that a close physical and functional relationship exists between MrpL40 and another large ribosomal protein, the Mrp20/L23 protein, is …

Influx Of Calcium Through L-Type Calcium Channels In Early Postnatal Regulation Of Chloride Transporters In The Rat Hippocampus, Jennifer Grace Bray, Michelle Mynlieff

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

During the early postnatal period, GABA_B receptor activation facilitates L-type calcium current in rat hippocampus. One developmental process that L-type current may regulate is the change in expression of the K⁺Cl⁻ co-transporter (KCC2) and N⁺K⁺2Cl⁻ co-transporter (NKCC1), which are involved in the maturation of the GABAergic system. The present study investigated the connection between L-type current, GABA_B receptors, and expression of chloride transporters during development. The facilitation of L-type current by GABA_B receptors is more prominent in the second week of development, with the highest percentage of cells exhibiting …

Camp Pulsing Of Denuded Mouse Oocytes Increases Meiotic Resumption Via Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase, Jing Chen, Maggie M. Chi, Kelle H. Moley, Stephen M. Downs

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

cAMP plays a critical role in the control of oocyte maturation, as a high level of cAMP maintains oocyte arrest at the first meiotic prophase. Yet this study shows that pulsing meiotically arrested denuded oocytes (DO) with cAMP induces oocyte maturation through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKA). Short-term (3 h) pulsing of meiotically arrested oocytes with forskolin, an adenyl cyclase (AC) activator, increased oocyte cAMP, led to elevated AMP, and induced oocyte meiotic resumption compared to oocytes continuously cultured in the control medium with or without forskolin. Western analysis showed that germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes after forskolin pulsing …

Novel Lc8 Mutations Have Disparate Effects On The Assembly And Stability Of Flagellar Complexes, Pinfen Yang, Chun Yang, Maureen Wirschell, Stephanie Davis

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

LC8 functions as a dimer crucial for a variety of molecular motors and non-motor complexes. Emerging models, founded on structural studies, suggest that the LC8 dimer promotes the stability and refolding of dimeric target proteins in molecular complexes, and its interactions with selective target proteins, including dynein subunits, is regulated by LC8 phosphorylation, which is proposed to prevent LC8 dimerization. To test these hypotheses in vivo, we determine the impacts of two new LC8 mutations on the assembly and stability of defined LC8-containing complexes in Chlamydomonas flagella. The three types of dyneins and the radial spoke are disparately affected …

Circadian Timing Of Food Intake Contributes To Weight Gain, Deanna M. Arble, Joseph Bass, Aaron D. Laposky, Martha H. Vitaterna, Fred W. Turek

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Studies of body weight regulation have focused almost entirely on caloric intake and energy expenditure. However, a number of recent studies in animals linking energy regulation and the circadian clock at the molecular, physiological, and behavioral levels raise the possibility that the timing of food intake itself may play a significant role in weight gain. The present study focused on the role of the circadian phase of food consumption in weight gain. We provide evidence that nocturnal mice fed a high‐fat diet only during the 12‐h light phase gain significantly more weight than mice fed only during the 12‐h dark …

Genome 10k: A Proposal To Obtain Whole-Genome Sequence For 10 000 Vertebrate Species, Tony Gamble, Genome 10k Community Of Scientists

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The human genome project has been recently complemented by whole-genome assessment sequence of 32 mammals and 24 nonmammalian vertebrate species suitable for comparative genomic analyses. Here we anticipate a precipitous drop in costs and increase in sequencing efficiency, with concomitant development of improved annotation technology and, therefore, propose to create a collection of tissue and DNA specimens for 10 000 vertebrate species specifically designated for whole-genome sequencing in the very near future. For this purpose, we, the Genome 10K Community of Scientists (G₁₀KCOS), will assemble and allocate a biospecimen collection of some 16 203 representative vertebrate species spanning …

Fall-Bearing Raspberries In High Tunnels, Dan Drost, Brent Black, Daniel Rowley

All Current Publications

This publication provides information on growing high tunnel fall-bearing raspberries including site preparation, site and irrigation management, and planting dates and spacing.

Las Frambuesas De Otoño En Los Túneles Altos, Daniel Rowley, Brent Black, Trevin Cardon

All Current Publications

Se ha demostrado que los túneles altos son una manera eficaz para extender la temporada de crecimiento de la frambuesa en Utah y otras áreas de los Estados Unidos. Dependiendo del clima, los rendimientos de las frambuesas de otoño cultivados al aire libre pueden ser reducidos significativamente por la primera helada del otoño. Los túneles altos son una de las maneras de protección de la helada, y cuando se los usan junto con otras maneras de protección de la helada se puede extender significativamente la temporada de crecimiento. Investigadores en Nueva York han extendido eficazmente la temporada de crecimiento hasta …

Wolverine Gene Flow Across A Narrow Climatic Niche, Michael K. Schwartz, Jeffrey P. Copeland, Neil J. Anderson, John R. Squires, Robert M. Inman, Kevin Scot Mckelvey, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Lisette P. Waits, Samuel A. Cushman

Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications

Wolverines (Guio guio) are one of the rarest carnivores in the contiguous United States. Effective population sizes in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, where most of the wolverines in the contiguous United States exist, were calculated to be 35 (credible limits, 28 52) suggesting low abundance. Landscape features that influence wolverine population substructure and gene flow are largely unknown. Recent work has identified strong associations between areas with persistent spring snow and wolverine presence and range. We tested whether a dispersal model in which wolverines prefer to disperse through areas characterized by persistent spring snow cover produced least-cost paths among all …

Sensitivity Of The Carbon Cycle In The Arctic To Climate Change, A. David Mcguire, Leif G. Anderson, Torben R. Christensen, Scott Dallimore, Laodong Guo, Daniel J. Hayes, Martin Heimann, Robie W. Macdonald, Nigel Roulet

Faculty Publications

The recent warming in the Arctic is affecting a broad spectrum of physical, ecological, and human/cultural systems that may be irreversible on century time scales and have the potential to cause rapid changes in the earth system. The response of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to changes in climate is a major issue of global concern, yet there has not been a comprehensive review of the status of the contemporary carbon cycle of the Arctic and its response to climate change. This review is designed to clarify key uncertainties and vulnerabilities in the response of the carbon cycle of …

Effects Of Acute And Chronic Endurance Exercise On Intracellular Nitric Oxide In Putative Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Role Of Napdh Oxidase, Nathan T. Jenkins, Sarah Witkowski, Espen E. Spangenburg, James M. Hagberg

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

We sought to delineate the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the regulation of intracellular nitric oxide (NOi) production in putative endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Putative EPC colony-forming units (CFUEC) were cultured from blood drawn before and after 30 min of treadmill exercise at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake in active (n = 8) and inactive (n = 8) men. CFU-EC were similar between groups at baseline, but increased after exercise in active men only (P = 0.04). CFU-EC expressed lower NADPH oxidase subunit gp91 phox mRNA and elevated endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA in active relative to inactive …

Corn Response To Competition: Growth Alteration Vs. Yield Limiting Factors, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay, D. P. Horvath, J. Pullis, C. Gregg Carlson, Stephanie A. Hansen, Graig Reicks

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Competition mechanisms among adjacent plants are not well understood. This study compared corn growth and yield responses to water, N, and shade at 74,500 plants ha⁻¹ (1×) with responses to water and N when planted at 149,000 plant ha⁻¹ Plant biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content, reflectance, and enzyme expression (transcriptome analysis) were measured at V-12. Grain and stover yields were measured with grain analyzed for ¹³C isotopic discrimination (Δ) and N concentration. At V-12, 60% shade plants had increased chlorophyll and reduced leaf area and height compared to full sun plants. In the 2× treatment, plants had …

No-Till Tomato Production, Bradley L. Booker

Master's Theses

Tillage increases erosion rates and diminishes the quality of soils but has traditionally been a way to manage weeds and prepare a seedbed. No-till vegetable production can ameliorate the ill-effects of tillage in an economically effective way but has not been studied much in California. The objective of this thesis was to determine the viability of no-till vegetable cropping on the Central Coast of California. Tomatoes were grown in no-till and conventionally tilled treatments. Total yield, fruit weight, weed emergence, soil bulk density, soil aggregate stability, and soil organic carbon content were measured and compared. Yields and soil tests in …

Every Genome Sequence Needs A Good Map, Harris A. Lewin, Denis M. Larkin, J. U. Pontius, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Molecular And Chromosomal Evidence For Allopolyploidy In Soybean, Navdeep Gill, Seth Findley, Jason G. Walling, Christian Hans, Jianxin Ma, Jeff Doyle, Gary Stacey, Scott A. Jackson

Biology Faculty Articles

Recent studies have documented that the soybean (Glycine max) genome has undergone two rounds of large-scale genome and/or segmental duplication. To shed light on the timing and nature of these duplication events, we characterized and analyzed two subfamilies of high-copy centromeric satellite repeats, CentGm-1 and CentGm-2, using a combination of computational and molecular cytogenetic approaches. These two subfamilies of satellite repeats mark distinct subsets of soybean centromeres and, in at least one case, a pair of homologs, suggesting their origins from an allopolyploid event. The satellite monomers of each subfamily are arranged in large tandem arrays, and intermingled …

Human Uterine Natural Killer Cells But Not Blood Natural Killer Cells Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection By Secretion Of Cxcl12, Teddy F. Mselle, Aexandra L. Howell, Mimi Ghosh, Charles R. Wira, Charles L. Sentman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Natural killer (NK) cells derived from the human female reproductive tract (FRT) are phenotypically and functionally distinct from those obtained from peripheral blood. Because the FRT is a primary site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in women, we determined whether soluble factors secreted by uterine-derived NK (uNK) cells inhibit HIV-1 infection. Clonal populations of uNK cells were activated with interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-15, and conditioned media (CM) from these cultures evaluated for their ability to inhibit infection of cells by HIV-1_IIIB, HIV-1_NL4.3, and HIV-1_HC4 (X4-tropic) or HIV-1_BaL (R5-tropic) viruses. We found …

Cross-Sectional Dating Of Novel Haplotypes Of Herv-K 113 And Herv-K 115 Indicate These Proviruses Originated In Africa Before Homo Sapiens, Aashish Jha, Satish Pillai, Vanessa York, Elizabeth Sharp, Emily Storm, Douglas Wachter, Jeffrey Martin, Steven Deeks, Michael Rosenberg, Douglas Nixon, Keith Garrison

School of Science Faculty Works

The human genome, human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), of which HERV-K113 and HERV-K115 are the only known full-length proviruses that are insertionally polymorphic. Although a handful of previously published papers have documented their prevalence in the global population; to date, there has been no report on their prevalence in the United States population. Here, we studied the geographic distribution of K113 and K115 among 156 HIV-1+ subjects from the United States, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians. In the individuals studied, we found higher insertion frequencies of K113 (21%) and K115 (35%) in African Americans compared with Caucasians (K113 9% and …

My Confidence In Our Creator God, David Steen

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Microevolution And Macroevolution Are Governed By The Same Processes, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

This collection of specially commissioned essays puts top scholars head to head to debate the central issues in the lively and fast growing field of philosophy of biology Brings together original essays on ten of the most hotly debated ...