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2007

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Articles 391 - 420 of 3598

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Bats Of Anguilla, Northern Lesser Antilles, Hugh H. Genoways, Carleton J. Phillips, Scott C. Pedersen, Linda K. Gordon Oct 2007

Bats Of Anguilla, Northern Lesser Antilles, Hugh H. Genoways, Carleton J. Phillips, Scott C. Pedersen, Linda K. Gordon

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Five species of bats are known in the literature from Anguilla—Monophyllus plethodon, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Artibeus jamaicensis, Natalus stramineus, and Molossus molossus. These records are scattered in the literature as parts of simple reports of the species from the island or included in revisions of taxonomic groups that occur on the island, but the first comprehensive study of bats of Anguilla is presented herein. In addition to providing morphometric and natural history information for the five species of bats previously known from the island, records of a species of bat new to the fauna of the island of Anguilla—Tadarida …

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The Potential Role Of Probiotics In Reducing Poverty-Associated Infections In Developing Countries, Kingsley Anukam Oct 2007

The Potential Role Of Probiotics In Reducing Poverty-Associated Infections In Developing Countries, Kingsley Anukam

Data and Test Instruments

Probiotics are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” [1]. The potential benefits of their use have not been adequately investigated, especially in the developing world. Japan introduced Yakult, a probiotic fermented food drink in 1935, and in the Northern hemisphere, research and use of probiotics has gained an unprecedented momentum in the last decade [2]. Use of probiotics is not uncommon in Europe [3], but in many developing countries use of probiotics in its present definition is a foreign concept. …

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Impervious Surface Analysis For Durham Under Current And Build-Out Conditions In Support Of Stormwater Management, David Cedarholm, Stone Environmental, Inc. Oct 2007

Impervious Surface Analysis For Durham Under Current And Build-Out Conditions In Support Of Stormwater Management, David Cedarholm, Stone Environmental, Inc.

PREP Reports & Publications

An analysis was performed to determine current and projected impervious surface areas in the Town of Durham, New Hampshire with the purpose of generating data to guide the adoption of stormwater management practices in the Town. Because impervious surfaces affect stormwater runoff peak flows and volumes significantly, it is critical to understand the Town’s impervious area characteristics (and the resulting stormwater management implications) under current conditions in order to develop appropriate stormwater management policies.

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Review Of Northwood’S Stormwater Management Regulations Northwood, New Hampshire, Stone Environmental, Inc. Oct 2007

Review Of Northwood’S Stormwater Management Regulations Northwood, New Hampshire, Stone Environmental, Inc.

PREP Reports & Publications

This project was funded through a grant from the New Hampshire Estuaries Project (NHEP) of the University of New Hampshire to assist the Town of Northwood in a review of their stormwater management regulations. The revisions suggested in Northwood’s Development Ordinance, Subdivision Regulations, and Site Plan Review Regulations are intended to improve stormwater management in Northwood for the benefit of the community and the protection of its water resources and wetlands. Review

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Do The Size And Landscape Context Of Forest Openings Influence The Abundance And Breeding Success Of Shrubland Songbirds In Southern New England?, Robert A. Askins, Benjamin Zuckerberg, Leah Novak Oct 2007

Do The Size And Landscape Context Of Forest Openings Influence The Abundance And Breeding Success Of Shrubland Songbirds In Southern New England?, Robert A. Askins, Benjamin Zuckerberg, Leah Novak

Biology Faculty Publications

Early successional birds have declined in the northeastern United States due to the regeneration of forest on abandoned farm fields and the suppression of natural disturbances that once provided appropriate habitat. These species have become increasingly dependent on early successional habitats generated by such activities as timber harvesting. Recent approaches of timber harvesting, which range from single-tree harvesting to clearcutting, create forest openings of different sizes and configurations embedded in landscapes with different land use patterns. To assess the importance of forest openings created by timber harvesting for shrubland birds, we surveyed birds on 50m radius plots in 34 harvest …

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A Non-Circadian Role For Clock-Genes In Sleep Homeostasis: A Strain Comparison, Paul Franken, Ryan Thomason, H. Craig Heller, Bruce F. O'Hara Oct 2007

A Non-Circadian Role For Clock-Genes In Sleep Homeostasis: A Strain Comparison, Paul Franken, Ryan Thomason, H. Craig Heller, Bruce F. O'Hara

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that the expression of circadian clock-genes increases in the cerebral cortex after sleep deprivation (SD) and that the sleep rebound following SD is attenuated in mice deficient for one or more clock-genes. We hypothesized that besides generating circadian rhythms, clock-genes also play a role in the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Here we follow the time course of the forebrain changes in the expression of the clock-genes period (per)-1, per2, and of the clock-controlled gene albumin D-binding protein (dbp) during a 6 h SD and subsequent recovery sleep in three inbred strains of mice for which …

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Engineering, Nutrient Removal, And Feedstock Conversion Evaluations Of Four Corn Stover Harvest Scenarios, Reed L. Hoskinson, Douglas L. Karlen, Stuart J. Birrell, Corey W. Radtke, Wally Wilhelm Oct 2007

Engineering, Nutrient Removal, And Feedstock Conversion Evaluations Of Four Corn Stover Harvest Scenarios, Reed L. Hoskinson, Douglas L. Karlen, Stuart J. Birrell, Corey W. Radtke, Wally Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Crop residue has been identified as a near-term source of biomass for renewable fuel, heat, power, chemicals and other bio-materials. A prototype one-pass harvest system was used to collect residue samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) field near Ames, IA. Four harvest scenarios (low cut, high-cut top, high-cut bottom, and normal cut) were evaluated and are expressed as collected stover harvest indices (CSHI). High-cut top and high-cut bottom samples were obtained from the same plot in separate operations. Chemical composition, dilute acid pretreatment response, ethanol conversion yield and efficiency, and thermochemical conversion for each scenario were determined. Mean …

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Induction Of Insulin Secretion In Engineered Liver Cells By Nitric Oxide, Latha Muniappan, Sabire Özcan Oct 2007

Induction Of Insulin Secretion In Engineered Liver Cells By Nitric Oxide, Latha Muniappan, Sabire Özcan

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus results from an autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin. The lack of insulin leads to chronic hyperglycemia and secondary complications, such as cardiovascular disease. The currently approved clinical treatments for diabetes mellitus often fail to achieve sustained and optimal glycemic control. Therefore, there is a great interest in the development of surrogate beta cells as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. Normally, pancreatic beta cells produce and secrete insulin only in response to increased blood glucose levels. However in many cases, insulin secretion from non-beta cells engineered to produce insulin occurs …

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Exploring Implications Of Synesthesia On Memory, Emily Brown Oct 2007

Exploring Implications Of Synesthesia On Memory, Emily Brown

Honors College Theses

This research proposal describes an original research procedure to study the effects of the neurological phenomenon of synesthesia (union of the senses) on memory. It provides supporting evidence as to how and why the proposed research fits into contemporary questions in the study of synesthesia.

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The Economic Contribution Of Marine Science And Education Institutions In The Monterey Bay Crescent, Judith T. Kildow Dr, Nathaniel Miller Oct 2007

The Economic Contribution Of Marine Science And Education Institutions In The Monterey Bay Crescent, Judith T. Kildow Dr, Nathaniel Miller

Publications

Ocean and coastal areas of the United States contribute significantly to our nation’s overall economy. The extent to which our economy benefits from the wide range of marine and coastal activities is not completely understood. The National Ocean Economics Program (NOEP) has attempted to track and value the ocean and coastal- related economic activities in the United States. To date six sectors are included in its information system (www.oceaneconomics.org). The economic contribution of marine research and education institutions is a sector of activity that lies outside of the normal federal government datasets, but one which seemed to have growing importance …

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Smokejumper Obituary: Weinmann, Harold J. "Hal" (North Cascades 1947), National Smokejumper Association Oct 2007

Smokejumper Obituary: Weinmann, Harold J. "Hal" (North Cascades 1947), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

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Strategic And Scenario Planning In Ranching: Managing Risk In Dynamic Times, Barry H. Dunn, Roger N. Gates, Jack Davis, Agustin Arzeno Oct 2007

Strategic And Scenario Planning In Ranching: Managing Risk In Dynamic Times, Barry H. Dunn, Roger N. Gates, Jack Davis, Agustin Arzeno

SDSU Extension Circulars

Content
Steps Toward Success
Stage 1: Charting the Course: Creating the Vision
Step 1: Assess current situation and inventory of ranch resources
Step 2: Conduct SWOT analysis
Step 3: Establish a vision for the ranch business
Stage 2: Determining Strategies to Achieve the Ranch’s Vision
Step 4: GAP analysis
Step 5: Alternative strategies to close the gap
Stage 3: Scenario Planning for the Ranch
Step 6: Describe multiple scenarios
Step 7: Select and evaluate the most-probable Scenarios
Stage 4: Merging Strategies and Scenario Planning
Step 8: Determine strategies with the highest likelihood of success
Stage 5: Putting the Plan Into …

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Fish & Wildlife News: Summer/Fall 2007 Oct 2007

Fish & Wildlife News: Summer/Fall 2007

Fish and Wildlife News

Contents:
Director’s Corner / 1
News Briefs / 3
Service Spotlight / 8
Back to Nature / 8
Path to Discovery / 12
A Prescription for Healthy Kids / 14
River Explorers / 16
Linking Girls to the Land / 18
Senses in the Desert / 22
Science / 24
Around the Service / 28
In Their Own Words / 42
Our People / 45
Transitions / 45
Honors / 47
In Memoriam / 49

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Evolutionary Dynamics Of Eukaryotic Selenoproteomes: Large Selenoproteomes May Associate With Aquatic Life And Small With Terrestrial Life, Alexey V. Lobanov, Dmitri E. Fomenko, Yan Zhang, Aniruddha Sengupta, Dolph L. Hatfield, Vadim N. Gladyshev Oct 2007

Evolutionary Dynamics Of Eukaryotic Selenoproteomes: Large Selenoproteomes May Associate With Aquatic Life And Small With Terrestrial Life, Alexey V. Lobanov, Dmitri E. Fomenko, Yan Zhang, Aniruddha Sengupta, Dolph L. Hatfield, Vadim N. Gladyshev

Vadim Gladyshev Publications

Background: Selenocysteine (Sec) is a selenium-containing amino acid that is co-translationally inserted into nascent polypeptides by recoding UGA codons. Selenoproteins occur in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, but the selenoprotein content of organisms (selenoproteome) is highly variable and some organisms do not utilize Sec at all.

Results: We analyzed the selenoproteomes of several model eukaryotes and detected 26 and 29 selenoprotein genes in the green algae Ostreococcus tauri and Ostreococcus lucimarinus, respectively, five in the social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum, three in the fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, and 16 in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, including several new selenoproteins. Distinct selenoprotein …

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Simulated Migration Of European Silver Eel; Swim Capacity And Cost Of Transport, Guido Van Den Thillart, Arjan Palstra, Vincent Van Ginneken Oct 2007

Simulated Migration Of European Silver Eel; Swim Capacity And Cost Of Transport, Guido Van Den Thillart, Arjan Palstra, Vincent Van Ginneken

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

An important aspect of the reproduction of European silver eels is the huge distance (ca 6000-km) they have to swim to reach their spawning grounds. So, obviously endurance swimming is a major requirement for successful reproduction. As migrating eels don’t feed, two major questions should be asked: 1) what are the energy costs to cross the Atlantic Ocean, 2) How much fat do eels need to cover the expenses. From swim tunnel experiments run for days till even 6 months we could determine the cost of transport (COT): 0.5 kJ km-1 kg-1. This amount is about 5 times lower than …

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Effects Of Elevated Seawater Co2 Concentration On The Meiofauna, Haruko Kurihara, Atsushi Ishimatsu, Yoshihisa Shirayama Oct 2007

Effects Of Elevated Seawater Co2 Concentration On The Meiofauna, Haruko Kurihara, Atsushi Ishimatsu, Yoshihisa Shirayama

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

An increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a rise in CO2 concentrations and a decrease in pH of the ocean surface water due to continuous gas exchange between air and seawater, which may have serious impacts on neritic marine organisms. In this study, we assessed the impacts of elevated CO2 concentrations on meiobenthic organisms by exposing them to seawater equilibrated with air (control: CO2 concentration 380 ppm) or CO2-enriched air (2,000 ppm higher than control, CO2 concentration predicted by the year 2300) for 56 days in microcosms. We observed no significant differences in the abundance of total meiofauna, nematodes, …

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Role Of Sex Hormones In Sex Change Of Grouper, Masaru Nakamura, Mohammad Ashraful Alam, Yasuhisa Kobayashi, Ramji Kumar Bhandari Oct 2007

Role Of Sex Hormones In Sex Change Of Grouper, Masaru Nakamura, Mohammad Ashraful Alam, Yasuhisa Kobayashi, Ramji Kumar Bhandari

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Groupers are commercially important coral reef fishes because of their excellent flavor and high price. Due to their sex changing nature, commercial aquaculture operations have not yet been developed for groupers. Sex steroids play a critical role in the initiation of sex change, but their exact function and mechanism of action are unknown. We have investigated the role of sex steroids in protogynous sex change using the honeycomb grouper, Epinephelus merra, for a number of years. Our studies have shown that sex steroids play a major role in sex change. In this review, we integrate our findings to better understand …

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Neuroendocrinology Of Fish Metamorphosis And Puberty: Evolutionary And Ecophysiological Perspectives, Sylvie Dufour, Karine Rousseau Oct 2007

Neuroendocrinology Of Fish Metamorphosis And Puberty: Evolutionary And Ecophysiological Perspectives, Sylvie Dufour, Karine Rousseau

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Metamorphosis and puberty are two major events of the postembryonic development in Vertebrates. Based on some examples from fish species, we review the definition, role and regulation of these events, analyze their common and different features, as well as their impact on the evolution and diversity of life cycles. The term of puberty, firstly defined in humans, has been subsequently extended to the first acquisition of the capacity to reproduce in all mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates as well as in invertebrates. By definition, puberty occurs only once in the life cycle. However, some similarities may be found with other events, …

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Developmental Reproductive Effects Of Exposure To Pharmaceutical Steroids In The Aquatic Environment: Studies On Mosquitofish (Gambusia Affinis Affinis),Roach (Rutilus Rutilus) And Medaka(Oryzias Latipes), Taisen Iguchi, Yoshinao Katsu, Hiroshi Urushitani, Anke Lange, Charles R. Tyler Oct 2007

Developmental Reproductive Effects Of Exposure To Pharmaceutical Steroids In The Aquatic Environment: Studies On Mosquitofish (Gambusia Affinis Affinis),Roach (Rutilus Rutilus) And Medaka(Oryzias Latipes), Taisen Iguchi, Yoshinao Katsu, Hiroshi Urushitani, Anke Lange, Charles R. Tyler

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Pharmaceutical androgens and estrogens discharged into the aquatic environment are now known to induce adverse effects in fish and are a health concern for wildlife. Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to a pharmaceutical androgen, trenbolone, used to enhance cattle growth and found to pollute waters below feedlots in the USA, has been shown to alter the development of the anal fin of the females and disrupt gonopodium development in fry. In our work, we showed that altered gonopodium development was associated with disruption in the normal patterns of expression of 2 cloned androgen receptors. Furthermore, exposure to trenbolone at 1 µg/L …

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Adaptation To Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents: Some Molecular And Developmental Aspects, Florence Pradillon, Françoise Gaill Oct 2007

Adaptation To Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents: Some Molecular And Developmental Aspects, Florence Pradillon, Françoise Gaill

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Alvinella pompejana is a polychaetous annelid inhabiting the surface of deep sea hydrothermal chimneys along the ridge of the east part of the Pacific ocean. The main characteristic of this emblematic species is its habitat, which is very aggressive considering its temperature. The exceptional thermotolerance of this species (up to 80°C) has been the subject of much controversy. This review is focused on the thermal adaptation of this worm regarding molecular data relative to its extracellular matrix and life history traits.

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Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence - A Day-Long Workshop, Dan E. Krane, William C. Thompson Oct 2007

Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence - A Day-Long Workshop, Dan E. Krane, William C. Thompson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals The Evolution Of Key Animal And Plant Functions, Sabeeha S. Merchant, Simon E. Prochnik, Olivier Vallon, Elizabeth H. Harris, Steven J. Karpowicz, George B. Witman, Astrid Terry, Asaf Salamov, Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin, Laurence Maréchal-Drouard, Wallace F. Marshall, Liang-Hu Qu, David R. Nelson, Anton A. Sanderfoot, Martin H. Spalding, Vladimir V. Kapitonov, Qinghu Ren, Patrick Ferris, Erika Lindquist, Harris Shapiro, Susan M. Lucas, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Chlamydomonas Annotation Team, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Jgi Annotation Team, Igor V. Grigoriev, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Arthur R. Grossman Oct 2007

The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals The Evolution Of Key Animal And Plant Functions, Sabeeha S. Merchant, Simon E. Prochnik, Olivier Vallon, Elizabeth H. Harris, Steven J. Karpowicz, George B. Witman, Astrid Terry, Asaf Salamov, Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin, Laurence Maréchal-Drouard, Wallace F. Marshall, Liang-Hu Qu, David R. Nelson, Anton A. Sanderfoot, Martin H. Spalding, Vladimir V. Kapitonov, Qinghu Ren, Patrick Ferris, Erika Lindquist, Harris Shapiro, Susan M. Lucas, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Chlamydomonas Annotation Team, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Jgi Annotation Team, Igor V. Grigoriev, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Arthur R. Grossman

Vadim Gladyshev Publications

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the ~120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, …

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The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals The Evolution Of Key Animal And Plant Functions, Sabeeha S. Merchant, Simon E. Prochnik, Olivier Vallon, Elizabeth H. Harris, Steven J. Karpowicz, George B. Witman, Astrid Terry, Asaf Salamov, Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin, Laurence Maréchal-Drouard, Wallace F. Marshall, Liang-Hu Qu, David R. Nelson, Anton A. Sanderfoot, Martin H. Spalding, Vladimir V. Kapitonov, Qinghu Ren, Patrick Ferris, Erika Lindquist, Harris Shapiro, Susan M. Lucas, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Igor V. Grigoriev, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Arthur Grossman, Chlamydomonas Annotation Team, Jgi Annotation Team, Heriberto D. Cerutti Oct 2007

The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals The Evolution Of Key Animal And Plant Functions, Sabeeha S. Merchant, Simon E. Prochnik, Olivier Vallon, Elizabeth H. Harris, Steven J. Karpowicz, George B. Witman, Astrid Terry, Asaf Salamov, Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin, Laurence Maréchal-Drouard, Wallace F. Marshall, Liang-Hu Qu, David R. Nelson, Anton A. Sanderfoot, Martin H. Spalding, Vladimir V. Kapitonov, Qinghu Ren, Patrick Ferris, Erika Lindquist, Harris Shapiro, Susan M. Lucas, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Igor V. Grigoriev, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Arthur Grossman, Chlamydomonas Annotation Team, Jgi Annotation Team, Heriberto D. Cerutti

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the ~120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, …

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Jane Jantz, Jane Jantz, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives. Oct 2007

Jane Jantz, Jane Jantz, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Like many others who have made child nutrition into a career, Jane Jantz came to the profession in a roundabout way. She and her husband moved from California to Mississippi, where farmland is more affordable. She planned to work one year to tide them over from a bad crop – that was nineteen years ago, and Jane loves serving the children more each year as manager of the Okolona Elementary School cafeteria.

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Ann Nicholson, Ann Nicholson, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives. Oct 2007

Ann Nicholson, Ann Nicholson, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Ann Nicholson is a role model to all who may want to work their way up through a system. Ann started out in the Okolona Public School System as a cafeteria worker, moved up to be manager of the Okolona Elementary School cafeteria, and has been food service director since 1980. A firm believer in on-the-job training, she is an inspiration to all who work with her.

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Optimization Of Non-Natural Nucleotides For Selective Incorporation Opposite Damaged Dna, Diana Vineyard, Xuemei Zhang, Alison Donnelley, Irene Lee, Anthony J. Berdis Oct 2007

Optimization Of Non-Natural Nucleotides For Selective Incorporation Opposite Damaged Dna, Diana Vineyard, Xuemei Zhang, Alison Donnelley, Irene Lee, Anthony J. Berdis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The promutagenic process known as translesion DNA synthesis reflects the ability of a DNA polymerase to misinsert a nucleotide opposite a damaged DNA template. To study the underlying mechanism of nucleotide selection during this process, we quantified the incorporation of various non-natural nucleotide analogs opposite an abasic site, a non-templating DNA lesion. Our kinetic studies using the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase reveal that the π-electron surface area of the incoming nucleotide substantially contributes to the efficiency of incorporation opposite an abasic site. A remaining question is whether the selective insertion of these non-hydrogen-bonding analogs can be achieved through optimization of …

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Enhancement Of Efficacy Of Prrsv Vaccines By Altering The Glycosylation Pattern Of Viral Glycoproteins, Asit K. Pattnaik Oct 2007

Enhancement Of Efficacy Of Prrsv Vaccines By Altering The Glycosylation Pattern Of Viral Glycoproteins, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

PRRSV, the causative agent of PRRS is of major economic significance to the pork industry in the USA and around the world. Current commercial vaccine does not provide adequate protection against PRRSV outbreaks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of more efficacious vaccine to combat PRRS. Our previous studies have suggested that (i) induction of neutralizing antibody response is an important correlate of evaluating the efficacy of a vaccine; (ii) neutralizing antibodies can be enhanced by hypoglycosylation of the major surface glycoprotein (GP5). While it is known that GP5 plays a prominent role in neutralizing antibody induction, it …

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Characterization Of Mazfsa, An Endoribonuclease From Staphylococcus Aureus, Zhibiao Fu, Niles P. Donegan, Guido Memmi, Ambrose L. Cheung Oct 2007

Characterization Of Mazfsa, An Endoribonuclease From Staphylococcus Aureus, Zhibiao Fu, Niles P. Donegan, Guido Memmi, Ambrose L. Cheung

Dartmouth Scholarship

The mazEF homologs of Staphylococcus aureus, designated mazEF(sa), have been shown to cotranscribe with the sigB operon under stress conditions. In this study, we showed that MazEF(Sa), as with their Escherichia coli counterparts, compose a toxin-antitoxin module wherein MazF(Sa) leads to rapid cell growth arrest and loss in viable CFU upon overexpression. MazF(Sa) is a novel sequence-specific endoribonuclease which cleaves mRNA to inhibit protein synthesis. Using ctpA mRNA as the model substrate both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that MazF(Sa) cleaves single-strand RNA preferentially at the 5' side of the first U or 3' side of the second …

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Statistical Methods For The Analysis Of Cancer Genome Sequencing Data, Giovanni Parmigiani, J. Lin, Simina Boca, T. Sjoblom, K.W. Kinzler, V.E. Velculescu, B. Vogelstein Oct 2007

Statistical Methods For The Analysis Of Cancer Genome Sequencing Data, Giovanni Parmigiani, J. Lin, Simina Boca, T. Sjoblom, K.W. Kinzler, V.E. Velculescu, B. Vogelstein

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

The purpose of cancer genome sequencing studies is to determine the nature and types of alterations present in a typical cancer and to discover genes mutated at high frequencies. In this article we discuss statistical methods for the analysis of data generated in these studies. We place special emphasis on a two-stage study design introduced by Sjoblom et al.[1]. In this context, we describe statistical methods for constructing scores that can be used to prioritize candidate genes for further investigation and to assess the statistical signicance of the candidates thus identfied.

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The Butterfly Danaus Chrysippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) In Kenya Is Variably Infected With Respect To Genotype And Body Size By A Maternally Transmitted Male-Killing Endosymbiont (Spiroplasma), Jeremy K. Herren, Ian Gordon, Peter W.H. Holland, David Smith Oct 2007

The Butterfly Danaus Chrysippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) In Kenya Is Variably Infected With Respect To Genotype And Body Size By A Maternally Transmitted Male-Killing Endosymbiont (Spiroplasma), Jeremy K. Herren, Ian Gordon, Peter W.H. Holland, David Smith

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Female-biased sex ratios in Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus) (family Nymphalidae, subfamily Danainae, tribe Danaini) populations are attributed to the action of an endosymbiotic 'male-killer' bacterium of the genus Spiroplasma. In stark contrast to the extensive geographic range of their host, the Spiroplasma appears to be restricted to East Africa, where four African D. chrysippus subspecies exist sympatrically and form a hybrid zone. In this study, specimens collected at three sample sites within the hybrid zone were screened for Spiroplasma infection. The findings demonstrate that, within the hybrid zone, the frequency of Spiroplasma infection varies both spatially and temporally. Host genotype at …

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