Life Sciences Commons^™

Progeny Of Germ Line Knockouts Of Asi2, A Gene Encoding A Putative Signal Transduction Receptor In Tetrahymena Thermophila, Fail To Make The Transition From Sexual Reproduction To Vegetative Growth, Shuqiang Li, Lihui Yin, Eric S. Cole, Rupa A. Udani, Kathleen M. Karrer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena has two nuclei: a germ line micronucleus and a somatic macronucleus. The transcriptionally active macronucleus has about 50 copies of each chromosome. At sexual reproduction (conjugation), the parental macronucleus is degraded and new macronucleus develops from a mitotic product of the zygotic micronucleus. Development of the macronucleus involves massive genome remodeling, including deletion of about 6000 specific internal eliminated sequences (IES) and multiple rounds of DNA replication. A gene encoding a putative signal transduction receptor, ASI2, (anlagen stage induced 2) is up-regulated during development of the new macronuclei (anlagen). Macronuclear ASI2 is nonessential for vegetative …

Consistent Effects Of Tsg101 Genetic Variability On Multiple Outcomes Of Exposure To Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Arman A. Bashirova, Gabriela Bleiber, Ying Qi, Holli Hutcheson, Traci Yamashita, Randall C. Johnson, Jie Cheng, Galit Alter, James J. Goedert, Susan Buchbinder, Keith Hoots, David Vlahov, Margaret May, Frank Maldarelli, Lisa Jacobson, Stephen J. O'Brien, Amalio Telenti, Mary Carrington

Biology Faculty Articles

Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) encodes a host cellular protein that is appropriated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the budding process of viral particles from infected cells. Variation in the coding or noncoding regions of the gene could potentially affect the degree of TSG101-mediated release of viral particles. While the coding regions of the gene were found to lack nonsynonymous variants, two polymorphic sites in the TSG101 5' area were identified that were associated with the rate of AIDS progression among Caucasians. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located at positions -183 and +181 relative to the …

Chitosan Protects Cooked Ground Beef And Turkey Against Clostridium Perfringens Spores During Chilling, Vijay Juneja, Harshavardhan Thippareddi, Latiful Bari, Yasuhiro Inatsu, Shinichi Kawamoto, Mendel Friedman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

We investigated the inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by the biopolymer chitosan during abusive chilling of cooked ground beef (25% fat) and turkey (7% fat) obtained from a retail store. Chitosan was mixed into the thawed beef or turkey at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, or 3.0% (w/w) along with a heat-activated 3-strain spore cocktail to obtain a final spore concentration of 2 to 3 log₁₀ CFU/g. Samples (5 g) of the ground beef or turkey mixtures were then vacuum-packaged and cooked to 60 ◦C in 1 h in a temperature-controlled water bath. Thereafter, the products …

Sheep Updates 2006 - Part 3, Karen Venning, Andrew Thompson, Mike Hyder, Sue-Ellen Shaw, Kelly Hill, Ron Mctaggart, Gus Rose, Carolyn Kabore, Mandy Curnow, P. R. Kenyon, S. T. Morris, D. M. West, N. R. Perkins, G. L. Pinchbeck, Ralph Behrendt

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

GRAZING

1. Making better use of clover, Karen Venning and Andrew Thompson, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria

2. Grazing systems demonstration to optimise pasture utilisation and stocking rate, Mike Hyder, Sue-Ellen Shaw, Kelly Hill and Ron McTaggart, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia.

3. Know your audience to increase their rate of practice change - Lifetime Wool as an example, Gus Rose, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Carolyn Kabore, Kazresearch

REPRODUCTION

4. Lifetime Wool - Ewe Management Guidlines, Mandy Curnow, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia

5. …

Sheep Updates 2006 - Contents, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Sheep Updates

No abstract provided.

Patterns Of Scleractinian Health In Broward County, Florida, Melody J. White

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

This study was survey of disease distribution and abundance relating to coral diseases present in Broward County. Data of the 1330 scleractinian coral individuals found, 88 showed signs of disease. 19 coral species, 3 diseases and bleaching were represented. Diseases affected 9 of the species. Bleaching was the most common disease noted in this survey, followed by dark spot, red band, and yellow band.

Disease distribution appears to be scattered on the reef system. No apparent patterns were found when grouped by reef or corridor locations. MDS cluster analysis revealed a clumping of disease, but this was not correlated with …

Tumor Associated Macrophages In A Mafia Mouse Model, Adrianne Brown Clifford

Theses and Dissertations

Recent evidence has shown the important role of macrophages in both tumor development and progression. To investigate the role of macrophages we used a mouse model known as MaFIA (Macrophage Fas Induced Apoptosis) mice that allows for the selective deletion of macrophages. Mice were given melanoma cells at various stages of depletion. Tumor mass was measured and organs were processed for flow cytometry to measure melanoma cell migration. The results show that mice receiving depletion treatment have larger tumor sizes and weights than those mice retaining their macrophage population. We detect metastasis in both the lung and kidney in both …

Sheep Updates 2006 - Part 1, David Sackett, Kevin Foster, Ronald J. Yates, Phil Nichols, Graeme Martin, John Milton, Scott Williams, Garry Mcalister, Mark Suttie, Peter Fennessy, Jack Cocks

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors:

PLENARY

1. Making Dollars from Merinos, David Sackett, Holmes Sackett & Associates Pty Limited, Wagga Wagga, NSW

2. A new variety of sulla (Hedysarun coronarium)for forage production in southern Australia, Kevin Foster, Ron Yates, Phil Nichols, Department of Agriculture and Food, WA and Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, UWA

3. Mating - Short and fast is better, Graeme Martin, John Milton, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia

4. Breech strike protection in sheep post 2010, Scott Williams, Program Manager Animal Health and Welfare, Australian Wool …

Sheep Updates 2006 - Part 4, K. G. Geenty, A. A. Swan, A. J. Smith, J. L. Smith, Chris Oldham, R. G. Woodgate, R. A. Love, E. Dobbe, H. M. Hoult, J. Pearson, S. Hill, A. Van Burgel, R. B. Besier, R. Warburton, L. Mathwin, D. Rogers, E. Crossley, Allan Herbert, P. Nichols, Tony Albertsen, Darryl Mcclements, Graeme Martin, Penny Hawken, Caroline Vinoles, Beth Paganoni, Dominique Blanche

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors:

MANAGEMENT

1. Wool and meat traits in Merino flocks in different regions, K.G. Geenty, A.A. Swan, A.J. Smith, J.L. Smith, Sheep CRC and CSIRO Livestock Industries, Armidale

2. Fat score or Condition score? - It all depends on what you want to do! Chris Oldham, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia

3. Sheep worm control - the latest for Western Australia, RG Woodgate, RA Love, E Dobbe, HM Hoult, J Pearson, S Hill, A van Burgel and RB Besier, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia

PASTURES

4. Rethinking pasture production …

Sheep Updates 2006 - Part 2, Darryl Smith, Kathryn Kemper, David Rutley, R. R. Woolaston, D. J. Brown, K. D. Atkins, A. E. Casey, A. J. Ball, David Hopkins, David Stanley, Leonie Martin, Arthur Gilmour, Remy Van De Ven, Geoff Duddy, Steve Semple, David Kessell, Andrew Thompson

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

GENETICS

1. Novel selection traits - what are the possible side effects?, Darryl Smith, Kathryn Kemper, South Australian Research and Development Institute, David Rutley, University of Adelaide.

2. Genetic Changes in the Australian Merino since 1900, Sheep Genetics Australia Technical Committee, R.R. Woolaston Pullenvale, Queensland, D.J. Brown, Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit*, University of New England, K.D. Atkins, A.E. Casey, NSW Department of Primary Industries, A.J. Ball, Meat and Livestock Australia, University of New England

3. Influence of Sire Growth Estimated Breeding Value (EBV0 on Progeny Growth, David Hopkins, David Stanley, Leonie …

Vitis Vulpina L., Gordon C. Tucker

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Phylogeographic Analyses Of Obligate And Facultative Cave Crayfish Species On The Cumberland Plateau Of The Southern Appalachians, Jennifer Elizabeth Buhay

Theses and Dissertations

Cave systems and their unique biota are widely viewed as highly endangered, yet very little is known about basic life history, ecology, distributions, habitat requirements, and evolutionary relationships of subterranean species. The crux of the problem in cave studies is the assumption that traditionally defined morpho-species represent distinct evolutionary lineages. Convergence is exhibited in the morphologies of many animal groups, vertebrate and invertebrate, which leads to confusion in diagnosing species' boundaries, geographic distributions, gene flow routes, and imperilment. This dissertation research includes phylogeographic analyses of freshwater cave-dwelling crayfishes in the Southern Appalachians, a global hotspot of subterranean biodiversity. By examining …

Ecological Investigations Of Chukars In Western Utah, Randy T. Larsen

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents three separate manuscripts in chapter format dealing with the ecology of Chukars (Alectoris chukar) in western North America. All three manuscripts have been formatted for publication in professional journals. Chapter one confirms discovery of ingested lead pellets in Chukars across a broad region of western Utah including all four western counties sampled. Prevalence rates were 1.9% (n=105) for crops and 10.7% (n=75) of gizzards showing no evidence of penetration wounds. Ingestion is likely related to grit size preferences that are consistent with common shot sizes. The second chapter describes watering patterns and water-site selection of Chukars. Chukars …

Bovine Respiratory Disease In Feedlot Cattle: Environmental, Genetic, And Economic Factors, G. D. Snowder, L. Dale Van Vleck, L. V. Cundiff, G. L. Bennett

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to characterize genetic, environmental, and economic factors related to the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot calves. Records from 18,112 calves representing 9 breeds (Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental) and 3 composite types (MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III) over a 15-yr period (1987 to 2001) were evaluated. Disease incidence was observed and recorded by station veterinary and technical staff. The incidence of BRD varied across years, with the annual observed incidence ranging from 5 to 44%. From 1987 to 1992, the annual average incidence …

Testing Of Great Bay Oysters For Two Protozoan Pathogens, John I. Nelson

PREP Reports & Publications

Two protozoan pathogens, Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and Perkinsus marinus(Dermo) are known to be present in Great Bay oysters. With funds provided by the New Hampshire Estuaries Project (NHEP), the Marine Fisheries Division of New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, (NHF&G) continues to assess the presence and intensity of both disease conditions in oysters from the major beds, some open for harvest, within the Great Bay estuarine system. Histological examination of Great Bay oysters has also revealed other endoparasites.

Pka As An Upstream Kinase For Lkb1/Strad/Mo25, Seth Taylor Herway

Theses and Dissertations

The LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex (LSMK) has been identified as the major upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). PKA phosphorylates LKB1 at the Ser428 residue in humans and Ser431 residue in mice. We investigated PKA as an upstream kinase for LSMK. LKB1 that had been incubated with PKA prior to incubation with AMPK experienced up to a 51% increase in AMPK Kinase activity compared to LKB1 alone (p < 0.05). When blocked with a PKA Inhibitor, the kinase effect of PKA on LKB1 was eliminated. Rat epitrochlearis muscle tissue incubated with epinephrine experienced no increase in AMPK activity compared with controls indicating that epinephrine does not cause AMPK activity in this type of tissue. In conclusion, phosphorylation by PKA can increase the AMPKK activity of LKB1-STRAD-MO25 in vitro. Because LKB1 has been found to be constitutively active, it is postulated that phosphorylation by PKA may act to enhance LKB1-AMPK interaction and thus achieve its effect.

The Effects Of 3-Phosphoglycerate And Other Metabolites On The Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase By Lkb1/Strad/Mo25, William John Ellingson

Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle contraction results in the phosphorylation and activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by an upstream kinase, AMPKK. The LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex is the major AMPKK in skeletal muscle; however, LKB1-STRAD-MO25 activity is not increased by muscle contraction. This relationship suggests that phosphorylation of AMPK by LKB1-STRAD-MO25 during skeletal muscle contraction may be regulated by allosteric mechanisms. In this study we tested an array of metabolites including glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6-P2), 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), glucose-1,6-bisphosphate (G1,6-P2), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), carnitine (Carn), acetyl-carnitine (Acarn), inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and ammonia for allosteric regulation. We found that …

Dna-Templated Surface Alignment And Characterization Of Carbon Nanotubes., Huijun Xin

Theses and Dissertations

Carbon nanotubes are appealing materials for nanofabrication due to their unique properties and structures. However, for carbon nanotubes to be used in mass-fabricated devices, precise control of nanotube orientation and location on surfaces is critical. I have developed a technique to align single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on surfaces from a droplet of nanotube suspension under gas flow. Fluid motion studies indicate that alignment is likely due to circulation of SWNTs in the droplet. My work provides a facile method for generating oriented nanotubes for nanodevice applications. I have also devised an approach for localizing SWNTs onto 1-pyrenemethylamine-decorated DNA on surfaces. …

Development Of An In Vitro Protocol To Study The Effect Of Estrogen On Osteoblast Activity, Sourik Ganguly

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science & Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Sourik Ganguly on July 7, 2006.

Evolutionary Genetics Of Juvenile Hormone And Ecdysteroid Regulation In Gryllus: A Case Study In The Microevolution Of Endocrine Regulation, Anthony J. Zera

Anthony Zera Publications

During the past 15 years the first detailed synthesis of endocrinology and population genetics has begun, in which natural genetic variations for endocrine regulators have been characterized, almost exclusively in species of the cricket genus Gryllus. Artificial selection studies have documented that regulators of the juvenile hormone titer can rapidly evolve and exhibit levels of genetic variability similar to other physiological traits. Strong genetic correlations exist between some but not all regulators of the JH titer during the juvenile stage. No genetic correlation exists between regulators functioning in juvenile and adult stages, and thus, endocrine regulation can evolve independently in …

The Importance Of Demographic Niches To Tree Diversity, Richard Condit, Peter Ashton, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, H. S. Dattaraja, Stuart J. Davies, Shameema Esufali, Corneille Ewango, Robin Foster, I. A.U.N. Gunatilleke, C. V.S. Gunatilleke, Pamela Hall, Kyle E. Harms, Terese Hart, Consuelo Hernandez, Stephen Hubbell, Akira Ito, Somboon Kiratiprayoon, James Lafrankie, Suzanne Loo De Lao, Jean-Remy Makana, Md. Nur Supardi Noor, Abdul Rahman Kassim, Sabrina E. Russo, Raman Sukumar, Cristián Samper, Hebbalulu S. Suresh, Sylvester Tan, Sean Thomas, Renato Valencia, Martha Vallejo, Gorky Villa, Tommaso Zillio

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Most ecological hypotheses about species coexistence hinge on species differences, but quantifying trait differences across species in diverse communities is often unfeasible. We examined the variation of demographic traits using a global tropical forest data set covering 4,500 species in 10 large-scale tree inventories. With a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we quantified the distribution of mortality and growth rates of all tree species at each site. This allowed us to test the prediction that demographic differences facilitate species richness, as suggested by the theory that a tradeoff between high growth and high survival allows species to coexist. Contrary to the prediction, …

Enhanced Electrospray Ionization For Mass Spectrometry And Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Li Zhou

Theses and Dissertations

Electrospray ionization (ESI) has become one of the most commonly used ionization techniques for mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and efforts continue to improve its performance. ESI-MS is most recognized for its wide application to biomacromolecules where high sensitivity is of paramount importance. However, the major limitation in sensitivity with ESI-MS is due to its low ion transmission efficiency from the ESI source into the sampling orifice and through any stages utilized for transfer of ions from atmosphere to vacuum in the MS. A series of atmospheric pressure ion focusing interfaces were designed and implemented to enhance …

Electric Field Gradient Focusing-Uv Detection For Protein Analysis, Shu-Ling Lin

Theses and Dissertations

Electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) utilizes a hydrodynamic flow and an electric field gradient to focus and concentrate charged analytes and order them in a separation channel according to electrophoretic mobility. Elution can be achieved by decreasing the applied voltage or increasing the hydrodynamic flow. EFGF has the advantages of concentrating a large volume (100 micro-L) of target proteins without significant band broadening and simultaneously removing unwanted components from the sample. Two types of EFGF devices have been investigated to concentrate and separate proteins: a fiber-based EFGF device and a hydrogel-based EFGF device. Using fiber-based EFGF with UV detection, a …

Spatial Patterns Of Marine Larvae As Indicators Of Incipient Invasions In Great Bay, James E. Byers, Blaine Griffen

PREP Reports & Publications

Understanding the dynamics of coastal marine communities represents a substantial challenge, and one that is actively pursued globally. Within the United States, several sites have been designated as National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERR) with the idea that concentrated research at these sites will lead to greater understanding of the ecosystem. The Great Bay Estuary of New Hampshire is one of these sites. A wide spectrum of research is conducted within the Great Bay, and substantial financial support is committed to that research on an annual basis. To facilitate the success of these research efforts, it is particularly important to develop …

Exploration, Normalization, And Genotype Calls Of High Density Oligonucleotide Snp Array Data, Benilton Carvalho, Terence P. Speed, Rafael A. Irizarry

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

In most microarray technologies, a number of critical steps are required to convert raw intensity measurements into the data relied upon by data analysts, biologists and clinicians. These data manipulations, referred to as preprocessing, can influence the quality of the ultimate measurements. In the last few years, the high-throughput measurement of gene expression is the most popular application of microarray technology. For this application, various groups have demonstrated that the use of modern statistical methodology can substantially improve accuracy and precision of gene expression measurements, relative to ad-hoc procedures introduced by designers and manufacturers of the technology. Currently, other applications …

Fertilizing Woody Plants In Utah, Larry A. Sagers

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Color For All Seasons, Jeanette Bradfield, Torie Hancock

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Fertilizing The Vegetable Garden, Larry A. Sagers

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Tree Compartmentalization: Codit Model, Larry A. Sagers

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Creating New Markets For African Sorghum Farmers, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Lack of international markets for locally grown cereals such as sorghum is a major constraint to economic development for West African farmers. Lack of international markets has traditionally resulted in price declines in normal and good weather years since consumers can only eat so much of a staple. Once consumers have enough of the staple, prices collapse, as there are no other markets. These price declines discourage farmers from using higher input levels and therefore achieving productivity gains. Hence, facilitating the growth of the food and feed processing industries for the basic staples is critical for the rapid economic growth …