Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Life Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2006

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 3121 - 3150 of 3150

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Type-Ii Associates With Flightless-I To Influence Its Nuclear Localization, Matthew Edward Seward Jan 2006

Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Type-Ii Associates With Flightless-I To Influence Its Nuclear Localization, Matthew Edward Seward

Theses and Dissertations

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type-II (CaMK-II) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase regulated by Ca2+ and Calmodulin. It is a highly conserved and broadly expressed enzyme and has a unique structure and dynamic regulation. It has the ability to remain active in the absence of Ca 2+ as a result of Ca2+ dependent autophosphorylation. CaMK-II phospliorylates proteins involved in neurotransmitter secretion, long term potentiation, cytoskeletal dynamics, gene transcription, and cell motility. To support existing and identify new intracellular roles of CaMK-II, potential binding partners were identified. This was accomplished by transfecting and purifying "FLAG-tagged" CaMK-II's (α, βE, δC, and δE). CaMK-II associated …

Go to article

The Effect Of Adding Drag-Reducing Polymers To Resuscitation Fluid During Hemorrhagic Shock On Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation, Geoffrey C. Alexander Jan 2006

The Effect Of Adding Drag-Reducing Polymers To Resuscitation Fluid During Hemorrhagic Shock On Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation, Geoffrey C. Alexander

Theses and Dissertations

Previous studies have shown an increase in survival when a minute amount of drag-reducing polymers were added to a resuscitation fluid. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of adding a minute amount of the drag-reducing polymer polyethylene glycol to a resuscitation fluid, on the microcirculation of skeletal muscle during a volume-controlled hemorrhage model. The spinotrapezius muscle in twelve male Sprague Dawley rats was exteriorized for microvascular measurements of the arterioles. The diameters of the three levels of arterioles, interstitial fluid PO2, and RBC velocity in the feed arteriole were measured. Flow in the feed arteriole was …

Go to article

Transforming Growth Factor-Β1 (Tgf-Β1) Induces Mast Cell Apoptosis, Farnaz Norozian Jan 2006

Transforming Growth Factor-Β1 (Tgf-Β1) Induces Mast Cell Apoptosis, Farnaz Norozian

Theses and Dissertations

Mast cells are potent effectors of the inflammatory response, playing an important role in atopy, bacterial immunity, and animal models of arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and heart disease. Hence controlling mast cell numbers and responsiveness is essential for preventing inflammatory disease. This work demonstrated that the cytokine TGF-β1 is a potent inducer of mast cell apoptosis, a finding that was consistent for cultured mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, peritoneal mast cells, and human mast cells. Cell death appeared to be the result of TGF-mediated repression of IL-3 receptor expression and function, leading to mitochondria1 damage and activation of an apoptotic cascade …

Go to article

Genetic Variation Among Geographically Disparate Yellow Perch Broodstock Populations, Chandler Brooke Givens Jan 2006

Genetic Variation Among Geographically Disparate Yellow Perch Broodstock Populations, Chandler Brooke Givens

Theses and Dissertations

As a prelude to strain selection for domestication and future marker assisted selection, genetic variation revealed by microsatellite DNA was evaluated in yellow perch, Perca flavescens, from four wild North American populations collected in 2003-2004 (Maine, ME; New York, NY; North Carolina, NC; and Pennsylvania, PA), and two captive populations (Michigan, MI; Ohio, OH). For the loci examined, levels of heterozygosity ranged from He = 0.04 to 0.88, genetic differentiation was highly significant among all population pairs, and effective migration ranged from low (Nem = 0.3) to high (Nem = 4.5). Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg 1equilibrium was regularly observed indicating significant …

Go to article

Isolation Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Adult Bone Marrow And Umbilical Cord Blood And Their Potential To Differentiate Into Osteoblasts, Andrew P. Pacitti Jan 2006

Isolation Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Adult Bone Marrow And Umbilical Cord Blood And Their Potential To Differentiate Into Osteoblasts, Andrew P. Pacitti

Theses and Dissertations

The demand for treatment strategies of musculoskeletal tissues is continuously growing, especially considering the increasing number of elderly people with degenerative diseases of the skeletal system. Despite major strides in the field of bone regenerative medicine during the years, current therapies, such as bone grafts, still have several limitations. Multipotent stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for tissue repair because of their differentiation potential and their capacity to undergo extensive replication. However, isolating a homogeneous population of MSCs from multiple sources is an area that needs to be addressed. Also, the knowledge regarding the mechanisms …

Go to article

Atm-Dependent Erk Signaling In Response To Dna Double Strand Breaks, Ashraf Khalil Jan 2006

Atm-Dependent Erk Signaling In Response To Dna Double Strand Breaks, Ashraf Khalil

Theses and Dissertations

Ionizing radiation (IR) triggers many signaling pathways stemming from DNA damage, and, independently, from extra-nuclear events. To generate radio-mimetic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) without and minimizing the effects on extra-nuclear radiation targets, human (p53+) glioma and carcinoma cells containing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)- substituted DNA were treated with Hoechst 33258 followed by long wave-length UV (UV-A) (BrdU photolysis). BrdU photolysis resulted in well-controlled, dose-dependent generation of DSBs equivalent to 0.2 - 20 Gy of IR, as detected by pulse-field gel electrophoresis, accompanied by dose-dependent H2AX phosphorylation at ser-139 and ATM phosphorylation at ser-1981, indicating ATM activation. Furthermore, BrdU photolysis increased phosphorylation of …

Go to article

Phospholipase A2 Induced Monocyte Chemotaxis To Apoptotic Cells, Kwasi Karikari Jan 2006

Phospholipase A2 Induced Monocyte Chemotaxis To Apoptotic Cells, Kwasi Karikari

Theses and Dissertations

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential in such processes as organ and tissue remodeling and maturation of hematopoietic cells. The clearance of apoptotic cells is essential to prevent autoimmune responses to sequestered antigens. This process is mediated by phagocytes of the monocyte lineage. Before phagocytosis can occur, macrophages must be recruited to the apoptotic cells through chemotaxis. Products of the reaction catalyzed by the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) have been shown to induce monocyte chemotaxis either directly or indirectly. Some investigators have implicated a cytosolic calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) in the production of these products during apoptosis. …

Go to article

Novel Characteristics Of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages And Human Macrophage-Like Cells, George Tharwat Georges Jan 2006

Novel Characteristics Of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages And Human Macrophage-Like Cells, George Tharwat Georges

Theses and Dissertations

These studies provide evidence for novel properties of macrophages derived from bone marrow stem cells. In study 1, treatment of activated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) with either catecholamine synthesis inhibitors (α-methyl-para-tyrosine and fusaric acid) or the β2 adrenergic receptor antagonist ICI 118,551 demonstrated that BMM produce catecholamines. The catecholamines modulated macrophage cytokine production through autocrine actions on adrenergic receptors. In study II, undifferentiated human bone marrow cells were incubated in 30% mouse L929 fibroblast conditioned medium and generated adherent cells within three days. The cells were clearly identifiable as macrophages based on surface proteins and phagocytic activity but produced …

Go to article

Comparison Of Leukocyte Classes Most Likely To Cause Vascular Dysfunction In Preeclampsia, Kristen Anne Cadden Jan 2006

Comparison Of Leukocyte Classes Most Likely To Cause Vascular Dysfunction In Preeclampsia, Kristen Anne Cadden

Theses and Dissertations

Leukocytes are activated in women with preeclampsia, but the class of leukocyte most likely to cause vascular dysfunction is not known. We hypothesized that neutrophils may be the class of leukocyte most involved in causing this dysfunction because neutrophils are the most abundant of the leukocytes and their numbers increase during pregnancy. In this study we compared vascular infiltration of neutrophils (CD66b) with monocytes/macrophages (CD14) and lymphocytes (CD99) in normal non-pregnant women (NNP), normal pregnant women (NP), and preeclamptic women (PE). There was no significant difference in the infiltration of lymphocytes into the maternal vasculature in PE as compared to …

Go to article

Effect Of Nitric Oxide On Oxygen Consumption Of Skeletal Muscle, Christina Lyn Cox Jan 2006

Effect Of Nitric Oxide On Oxygen Consumption Of Skeletal Muscle, Christina Lyn Cox

Theses and Dissertations

Mammalian cells require a continuous and sufficient supply of oxygen to carry out their functions. The oxygen pathway has an overall direction taking O2 from the air to the mitochondria, which is a result of the mitochondrial O2 consumption (VO2) NO various effects on the mitochondria: at low concentrations for short periods NO specifically and irreversibly inhibits cytochrome c and reversibly inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, to decrease VO2. Thus, NO can modulate VO2 of skeletal muscle. The purpose of the present study was to measure VO2 of the rat spinotrapezius muscle under conditions of altered NO. The methods used provide …

Go to article

Characterization Of The Ftf/Hnf-4 Sites Within The 7alpha- And The 12alpha-Hydroxylase Promoters Involved In The Bile Acid-Mediated Transcription Of Their Regulation, Preeti Pramanik Jan 2006

Characterization Of The Ftf/Hnf-4 Sites Within The 7alpha- And The 12alpha-Hydroxylase Promoters Involved In The Bile Acid-Mediated Transcription Of Their Regulation, Preeti Pramanik

Theses and Dissertations

Bile acids regulate their own synthesis through a feedback regulatory mechanism of mainly two enzymes in the classic pathway, the 7α-hydroxylase and the 12α-hydroxylase. In the early 1990's it was shown that the regulatory responses of 7α-hydroxylase are mediated at the transcriptional level and since then many positive and negative transcription factors that mediate regulatory response have been identified. An important finding was that the transcription factors regulating the expression of 7α- and 12α-hydroxylase genes are nuclear receptors.One of the first nuclear receptors identified to play a role in the transcription of the 7α-hydroxylase gene was HNF-4 since then many …

Go to article

Autocrine Effects Of Catecholamines On Macrophage Release Of Interleukin-6 (Il-6), Shaunta D. Poe Jan 2006

Autocrine Effects Of Catecholamines On Macrophage Release Of Interleukin-6 (Il-6), Shaunta D. Poe

Theses and Dissertations

Effects of norepinephrine (NE) on macrophage cytokine release are complex because the cells have both α2 and β2 adrenergic receptors, which mediate opposing actions. Furthermore, β2-adrenergic agonists are reported to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on interleukin-6 (IL-6). This study was designed to clarify the autocrine role of macrophage-derived NE on IL-6 production in activated peritoneal macrophages. Effects of NE on IL-6 production in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell-line also were investigated. Treatment of activated peritoneal macrophages with endotoxin, the α2-adrenergic antagonists yohimbine or RS79948 revealed that the α2-adrenergic receptor mediates a stimulatory autocrine action of catecholamines on IL-6 production. …

Go to article

Anatomical Bases For Auditory Projections To Suprasylvian Visual Areas In The Cat Cerebral Cortex, Giriaj K. Sharma Jan 2006

Anatomical Bases For Auditory Projections To Suprasylvian Visual Areas In The Cat Cerebral Cortex, Giriaj K. Sharma

Theses and Dissertations

How the neural representations of different sensory modalities transition from one to another is an unexplored issue of cortical organization. The present experiments addressed this problem by examining auditory projections to the lateral suprasylvian visual area (LSS) of the cat using neuroanatomical tract tracing methods. Injections of tracer (Biotinylated Dextran Amine, BDA) were made into defined areas of the cat auditory cortex. Following transport and tissue processing, a light microscope with a digitizing stage was used to visualize and plot labeled auditory projections to the LSS. The results showed that all auditory cortices tested demonstrated projections to a restricted portion …

Go to article

Methods For The Study Of Signaling Molecules In Membrane Lipid Rafts And Caveolae, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel Jan 2006

Methods For The Study Of Signaling Molecules In Membrane Lipid Rafts And Caveolae, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Lipid rafts and caveolae are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane that concentrate components of certain signal transduction pathways. Interest in and exploration of these microdomains has grown in recent years, especially after the discovery of the biochemical marker of caveolae, caveolin, and the recognition that caveolin interacts with many different signaling molecules via its scaffolding domain. There are three major types of caveolins (1, 2, and 3), with some selectivity in their expression in different tissues. Results assessing lipid raft/caveolae co-localization of molecules in signal transduction pathways have provided support for the idea that signaling components are …

Go to article

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Blue Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences Jan 2006

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Blue Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006. It includes work on corn, soybean and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

Go to article

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Green Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences Jan 2006

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Green Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006. It includes work on several small grains and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

Go to article

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Pink Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences Jan 2006

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Pink Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006. It includes work on Canada thistle, toadflax and leafy spurge in North Dakota.

Go to article

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Yellow Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences Jan 2006

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Yellow Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006 It includes work on several minor crops and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

Go to article

Nutrient Control Of Microbial Carbon Cycling Along An Ombrotrophicminerotrophic Peatland Gradient, Jason K. Keller, Angela K. Bauers, Scott D. Bridgham, Laurie E. Kellogg, Colleen M. Iversen Jan 2006

Nutrient Control Of Microbial Carbon Cycling Along An Ombrotrophicminerotrophic Peatland Gradient, Jason K. Keller, Angela K. Bauers, Scott D. Bridgham, Laurie E. Kellogg, Colleen M. Iversen

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Future climate change and other anthropogenic activities are likely to increase nutrient availability in many peatlands, and it is important to understand how these additional nutrients will influence peatland carbon cycling. We investigated the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on aerobic CH4 oxidation, anaerobic carbon mineralization (as CO2 and CH4 production), and anaerobic nutrient mineralization in a bog, an intermediate fen, and a rich fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We utilized a 5-week laboratory nutrient amendment experiment in conjunction with a 6-year field nutrient fertilization experiment to consider how the relative response to nitrogen and phosphorus differed among …

Go to article

Influence Of Nutrient Availability, Stand Age, And Canopy Structure On Isoprene Flux In A Eucalyptus Saligna Experimental Forest, Jennifer L. Funk, Christian P. Giardina, Alexander Knohl, Manuel T. Lerdau Jan 2006

Influence Of Nutrient Availability, Stand Age, And Canopy Structure On Isoprene Flux In A Eucalyptus Saligna Experimental Forest, Jennifer L. Funk, Christian P. Giardina, Alexander Knohl, Manuel T. Lerdau

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Eucalyptus plantations occupy approximately 10 million ha of land in the tropics and, increasingly, afforestation and reforestation projects are relying on this genus to provide rapid occupation of degraded sites, large quantities of high-quality wood products, and high rates of carbon sequestration. Members of the genus Eucalyptus are also very high emitters of isoprene, the dominant volatile organic compound emitted by trees in tropical ecosystems, which significantly influences the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. While fertilization growth response of these trees has been intensively studied, little is known about how fertilization and tree age alter isoprene production from plantations of …

Go to article

Associative Memory In Three Aplysiids: Correlation With Heterosynaptic Modulation, Brian A. Hoover, Hoang Nguyen, Laura Thompson, William G. Wright Jan 2006

Associative Memory In Three Aplysiids: Correlation With Heterosynaptic Modulation, Brian A. Hoover, Hoang Nguyen, Laura Thompson, William G. Wright

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Much recent research on mechanisms of learning and memory focuses on the role of heterosynaptic neuromodulatory signaling. Such neuromodulation appears to stabilize Hebbian synaptic changes underlying associative learning, thereby extending memory. Previous comparisons of three related sea-hares ( Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) uncovered interspecific variation in neuromodulatory signaling: strong in Aplysia californica, immeasureable in Dolabrifera dolabrifera, and intermediate in Phyllaplysia taylori. The present study addressed whether this interspecific variation in neuromodulation is correlated with memory of associative ( classical conditioning) learning. We differentially conditioned the tail-mantle withdrawal reflex of each of the three species: Mild touch to one side of the tail …

Go to article

Linking Ligand-Induced Alterations In Androgen Receptor Structure To Differential Gene Expression: A First Step In The Rational Design Of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, Dmitri Kazmin, Tatiana Prytkova, C. Edgar Cook, Russell Wolfinger, Tzu-Ming Chu, David Beratan, J. D. Norris, Ching-Yi Chang, Donald P. Mcdonnell Jan 2006

Linking Ligand-Induced Alterations In Androgen Receptor Structure To Differential Gene Expression: A First Step In The Rational Design Of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, Dmitri Kazmin, Tatiana Prytkova, C. Edgar Cook, Russell Wolfinger, Tzu-Ming Chu, David Beratan, J. D. Norris, Ching-Yi Chang, Donald P. Mcdonnell

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

We have previously identified a family of novel androgen receptor (AR) ligands that, upon binding, enable AR to adopt structures distinct from that observed in the presence of canonical agonists. In this report, we describe the use of these compounds to establish a relationship between AR structure and biological activity with a view to defining a rational approach with which to identify useful selective AR modulators. To this end, we used combinatorial peptide phage display coupled with molecular dynamic structure analysis to identify the surfaces on AR that are exposed specifically in the presence of selected AR ligands. Subsequently, we …

Go to article

Resistance Gene Analog Polymorphism (Rgap) Markers Co-Localize With Disease Resistance Genes And Qtl In Common Bean, Nedim Mutlu, Phillip Miklas, Dermot Coyne Jan 2006

Resistance Gene Analog Polymorphism (Rgap) Markers Co-Localize With Disease Resistance Genes And Qtl In Common Bean, Nedim Mutlu, Phillip Miklas, Dermot Coyne

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Resistance (R) genes containing nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine rich repeats (LRR) are the most prevalent types of R gene in plants. The objective of this study was to develop PCR-based R-gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Twenty degenerate primers were designed from the conserved kinase-1a (GVGKTT) and hydrophobic domains (GLPLAL) of known NBSLRR type R-genes and from EST databases. Sixty-six of the 100 primer combinations tested yielded polymorphism. Thirty-two RGAP markers were mapped in the BAT 93/Jalo EEP558 core mapping population for common bean. The markers mapped to 10 of 11 linkage groups with a …

Go to article

Soil Organic Carbon Changes In Diversified Rotations Of The Western Corn Belt, Gary E. Varvel Jan 2006

Soil Organic Carbon Changes In Diversified Rotations Of The Western Corn Belt, Gary E. Varvel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sequestration and storage of carbon (C) by agricultural soils has been cited as one potential part of the solution to soil degradation and global climate change. However, C sequestration in soils is a slow and dynamic process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crop rotation and N fertilizer management on soil organic C (SOC) levels at several points in time during 18 yr of a long-term study in the Western Corn Belt. Seven cropping systems (three monoculture, two 2-yr, and two 4-yr rotations) with three levels of N fertilizer were compared. Soil samples were taken …

Go to article

Anthropogenic Drivers Of Ecosystem Change: An Overview, Gerald C. Nelson, Elena Bennett, Asmeret A. Berhe, Kenneth G. Cassman, Ruth Defries, Thomas Dietz, Achim R. Dobermann, Andrew Dobson, Anthony Janetos, Marc Levy, Diana Marco, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Brian O'Neill, Richard Norgaard, Gerhard Petschel-Held, Dennis Ojima, Prabhu Pingali, Robert Watson, Monika Zurek Jan 2006

Anthropogenic Drivers Of Ecosystem Change: An Overview, Gerald C. Nelson, Elena Bennett, Asmeret A. Berhe, Kenneth G. Cassman, Ruth Defries, Thomas Dietz, Achim R. Dobermann, Andrew Dobson, Anthony Janetos, Marc Levy, Diana Marco, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Brian O'Neill, Richard Norgaard, Gerhard Petschel-Held, Dennis Ojima, Prabhu Pingali, Robert Watson, Monika Zurek

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls “indirect and direct drivers” of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A direct driver unequivocally influences ecosystem processes. An indirect driver operates more diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers. Global driving forces are categorized as demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural and religious, scientific and technological, and physical and biological. Drivers in all categories other than physical and biological are considered indirect. Important …

Go to article

Soybean Row Spacing And Weed Emergence Time Influence Weed Competitiveness And Competitive Indices, Shawn M. Hock, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Alex Martin, John L. Lindquist Jan 2006

Soybean Row Spacing And Weed Emergence Time Influence Weed Competitiveness And Competitive Indices, Shawn M. Hock, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Alex Martin, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Weed competitiveness can be quantified with the concept of competitive index (CI), a relative scale of weed competitiveness. Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in northeastern and southeastern Nebraska to evaluate the influence of soybean row spacing and relative weed emergence time on the competitiveness of major weed species in soybean. Ten weed species were seeded in soybean spaced 19 and 76 cm apart at the planting, emergence, and first trifoliate leaf stages of soybean. Total weed dry matter (TDM), weed plant volume, and percent soybean yield loss were arbitrarily selected as a base for determining the CI …

Go to article

Chemical Composition And Response To Dilute-Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Saccharification Of Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, And Switchgrass, Bruce S. Dien, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Kenneth P. Vogel, Michael D. Casler, Joann F. S. Lamb, Loren Iten, Robert C. Mitchell, Gautum Sarath Jan 2006

Chemical Composition And Response To Dilute-Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Saccharification Of Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, And Switchgrass, Bruce S. Dien, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Kenneth P. Vogel, Michael D. Casler, Joann F. S. Lamb, Loren Iten, Robert C. Mitchell, Gautum Sarath

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Alfalfa stems, reed canarygrass, and switchgrass; perennial herbaceous species that have potential as biomass energy crops in temperate regions; were evaluated for their bioconversion potential as energy crops. Each forage species was harvested at two or three maturity stages and analyzed for carbohydrates, lignin, protein, lipid, organic acids, and mineral composition. The biomass samples were also evaluated for sugar yields following pretreatment with dilute sulfuric followed by enzymatic saccharification using a commercial cellulase preparation. Total carbohydrate content of the plants varied from 518 to 655 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) and cellulose concentration from 209 to 322 g kg …

Go to article

Mutations In Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 And Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles In Metal Ion Homeostasis And Loading Of Metal Ions In Seeds, Brian M. Waters, Heng-Hsuan Chu, Raymond J. Didonato, Louis A. Roberts, Robynn B. Eisley, Brett Lahner, David E. Salt, Elsbeth L. Walker Jan 2006

Mutations In Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 And Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles In Metal Ion Homeostasis And Loading Of Metal Ions In Seeds, Brian M. Waters, Heng-Hsuan Chu, Raymond J. Didonato, Louis A. Roberts, Robynn B. Eisley, Brett Lahner, David E. Salt, Elsbeth L. Walker

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Here, we describe two members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family, AtYSL1 and AtYSL3. The YSL1 and YSL3 proteins are members of the oligopeptide transporter family and are predicted to be integral membrane proteins. YSL1 and YSL3 are similar to the maize (Zea mays) YS1 phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) and the AtYSL2 iron (Fe)-nicotianamine transporter, and are predicted to transport metal-nicotianamine complexes into cells. YSL1 and YSL3 mRNAs are expressed in both root and shoot tissues, and both are regulated in response to the Fe status of the plant. β-Glucuronidase reporter expression, driven by …

Go to article

Snp-Phage – High Throughput Snp Discovery Pipeline, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, John J. Grefenstette, David L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Perry B. Cregan, Curt P. Van Tassell Jan 2006

Snp-Phage – High Throughput Snp Discovery Pipeline, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, John J. Grefenstette, David L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Perry B. Cregan, Curt P. Van Tassell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as defined here are single base sequence changes or short insertion/deletions between or within individuals of a given species. As a result of their abundance and the availability of high throughput analysis technologies SNP markers have begun to replace other traditional markers such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs or microsatellite) markers for fine mapping and association studies in several species. For SNP discovery from chromatogram data, several bioinformatics programs have to be combined to generate an analysis pipeline. Results have to be stored in …

Go to article

Application Of Machine Learning In Snp Discovery, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, John J. Grefenstette, David L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Perry B. Cregan, Curtis P. Van Tassell Jan 2006

Application Of Machine Learning In Snp Discovery, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, John J. Grefenstette, David L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Perry B. Cregan, Curtis P. Van Tassell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) constitute more than 90% of the genetic variation, and hence can account for most trait differences among individuals in a given species. Polymorphism detection software PolyBayes and PolyPhred give high false positive SNP predictions even with stringent parameter values. We developed a machine learning (ML) method to augment PolyBayes to improve its prediction accuracy. ML methods have also been successfully applied to other bioinformatics problems in predicting genes, promoters, transcription factor binding sites and protein structures. Results: The ML program C4.5 was applied to a set of features in order to build a SNP classifier …

Go to article

First Prev