Life Sciences Commons^™

Susceptibility Of Primary Eosinophils To Infection With Hiv-1 Strain Htlv-Iiib, Jai Govind Marathe

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Over the past two decades, much research has been done in the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, many of the aspects of pathogenesis of HIV infection and its persistence in the body, despite treatment, remain a mystery. Recent evidence suggests that HIV positive patients develop eosinophilia, especially in the later stages of infection and AIDS. Eosinophils are CD4 positive cells that have the potential to be infected by HIV. Studies have shown that an eosinophilic cell line, AML14.3D10, can be productively infected with a T-cell tropic, CXCR4-using (X4) strain of HIV-1. In this …

Phenotypic Characterization Of Escherichia Coli Strains Taken From Human Intestinal And Urinary Tracts, Kruthi Murthy

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram negative bacterium commonly found as a commensal in the intestinal tract of humans and other warm blooded animals. The commensal strains of E. coli are non-pathogenic and do not cause an infection in the host. However, some strains of E. coli are pathogenic and can cause several diseases in humans that include neonatal meningitis, intestinal infections and urinary tract infections. Almost 80-85% of the uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by uropathogenic E. coli. Our project involved the characterization of 12 strains of E. coli, isolated from humans in health and disease. These …

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Stratification In Full-Time Miami Valley Hospital Employees, Vicki K. Streng

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Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States (American Heart Association, 2005). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the results of a twelve-week exercise program on coronary heart disease risk factors in full-time hospital employees. Methods: The participants were given cardiovascular, weight training, and flexibility recommendations to follow during a twelve-week period. The main heart disease risk factors measured before and after the completion of the exercise program were blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and body mass index. The information was put into the Framingham Heart Score to estimate the participants’ 10-year risk of developing …

Determining The Effect Of Substitutions At Alanine 47 In Synechococcus Pcc6301 Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco), Christopher R. Salyer

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Mutant screening and genetic selection in various organisms have shown that residues far from the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) can influence catalytic efficiency and CO2/O2 specificity. Because RubisCO catalyzes the rate-limiting step of photosynthesis, further study of these sites distant from the primary reaction center may provide the necessary information for engineering an increase in primary productivity of crop plants. In a previously described system of random mutagenesis and bioselection (Smith, 2002), the RubisCO genes from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC6301, were randomly mutated and introduced into the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. An A47T substitution resulted in a very …

Kinetics And Passive Protection Efficacy Induced By Purified Ava Human Immunoglobulin G In Rabbits Against A Bacillus Anthracis Aerosol Challenge, Jennifer Lee Plahovinsak

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The present study was conducted to determine the half-life, assess the toxicity, and passive protection efficacy of purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) vaccinated human donors. Half-life determinations were calculated from the reportable values obtained using the anti-PA ELISA assay and the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) "ELISA for Windows" software. For toxicity evaluations animals were observed clinical for one hour post administration and for 14-days post-treatment. The protection efficacy was determined based upon the mortality results from a lethal Bacillus anthracis aerosol challenge. While no protection was achieved in this delayed exposure scenario, the study yielded …

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Tan Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006. It includes work on adjuvants, water quality, and equipment in North Dakota.

Intra-Guild Compensation Regulates Species Richness In Desert Rodents: Reply, J. R. Goheen, Ethan P. White, S.K. Morgan Ernest, J. H. Brown

Biology Faculty Publications

Null models have had a long and contentious history in community ecology (Connor and Simberloff 1979, Harvey et al. 1983, Gotelli and Graves 1996, Graves and Rahbek 2005). Much of this debate has arisen because multiple strategies for null models can be used to address a particular question of interest, and the present exchange is no exception. To assess constancy in species richness through time in a desert rodent community, Nichols et al. (2006) have proposed a Markov Chain model as an alternative to the random-walk model we developed (Goheen et al. 2005). While both null models simulate stochastic local …

Intra-Guild Compensation Regulatesspecies Richness In Desert Rodents: Reply, J. R. Goheen, Ethan P. White, S.K. Morgan Ernest, J. H. Brown

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Blue Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006. It includes work on corn, soybean and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Pink Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006. It includes work on Canada thistle, toadflax and leafy spurge in North Dakota.

2006 Weed Science Research Report – Yellow Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2006 It includes work on several minor crops and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

Metabolic Profile And Nitrogen Balance In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With Jipi Quinua And Barley Hay, Viacha Municipality - Department Of La Paz, Meliton Ajata Avircata

Theses and Dissertations

This research was completed in Letanías, Viacha, La Paz, Bolivia, to determine the metabolic profile in blood plasma (total protein, glucose, urea, albumin, total lipids, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations), live weight gain, and Nitrogen balance in adult llamas fed with 4 rations of barley and quinoa residue. Eight adult (4-5 year old) Q’ara type llamas were used in this study. Study llamas were trained to stay in metabolic cages with feces collection harnesses. Llamas were given one of the following feed rations: ration A (20% quinoa residue, 80% barley), ration B (40% quinoa residue, 60% barley), ration C (60% …

Effect Of The Use Of Amaranth Leaf Flour In The Development Of A Diet For Guinea Pigs, Verónica Del Rocío Guerrero Carrera

Theses and Dissertations

This study was carried out in the San Clemente community. The objective was to analyze the effect of using amaranth leaf flour in the creation of a diet for guinea pigs. The field work was done over a period of 12 months and was done in two phases: Development of the diet: this was done by growing the amaranth, cutting it, and dehydrating it until flour was obtained. Then, it was mixed into the diet in accordance with the pre-determined formula along with the other respective materials. Handling of guinea pigs: This was done in the shed of the San …

Effect Of Chemical Fertilization And Organic Amaranth (Amaranthus Caudatus L.) Var. Alegria Iniap Chaltura, Andrade Andrade Pablo Raúl

Theses and Dissertations

The present investigation was made in the Experimental Farm "La Pradera", located in the province of Imbabura, the parish of San José de Chaltura, to 1350 meters above sea level and an average temperature of 16, 4⁰ C. To analyze the effect of the chemical and organic fertilization in amaranth of variety INIAP "Alegría" was the primary target of the investigation. The field work was made in a lapse of 6 months. The design of complete blocks (DBCA) with 15 treatments was used at random and three repetitions by treatment. The experimental unit was 18 m². It was evaluated by …

Nematodes In Western Australian Vineyards, Vivien Vanstone, Neil Lantzke

Bulletins 4000 -

Nematodes are worm-like microscopic animals that live in the soil. There are numerous soil-inhabiting nematode species, but not all are harmful to plants. Some nematodes are plant-parasitic, feeding on and damaging roots, including those of grapevine. Feeding activities of these nematodes reduce the vine’s ability to take up water and nutrients from the soil, leading to lack of vigour, symptoms of nutrient deficiency, wilting, lower yield, vine decline and, in severe cases, vine death. Nematode feeding sites can also lead to entry of other disease-causing organisms (e.g. fungi or bacteria), resulting in rapid vine decline.

Nematodes can survive in the …

Australian Plague Locust (Chortoicetes Terminifera), Department Of Agriculture And Food, Wa

Bulletins 4000 -

The Australian plague locust (APL) is the most economically important grasshopper in Australia. The immature hopper stage damages mainly pastures in farming areas, and gardens and lawns in domestic areas. They tend to avoid established green crops, although the edges of crops can be damaged. Adult locusts can form swarms and fly into other areas, damaging pastures, ripening cereal, lupin and pulse crops, grapevines, fruit trees and native tree seedlings. If crops have completely dried off before locusts begin flying, the possibility of damage is considerably less.

Analyses Of Cry1ab Binding In Resistant And Susceptible Strains Of The European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Herbert A. A. Siqueira, Joel Gonzalez-Cabrera, Juan Ferre, Ronald Flannagan, Blair Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Cry1Ab toxin binding analysis was performed to determine whether resistance in laboratory-selected Ostrinia nubilalis strains is associated with target site alteration. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars of susceptible and resistant strains (Europe-R and RSTT) of O. nubilalis. Immunoblot analysis indicated that three different proteins bound to Cry1Ab toxin and were recognized by an anticadherin serum. In a comparison of resistant and susceptible strains, reduced Cry1Ab binding was apparent for all three bands corresponding to cadherin-like proteins in the Europe-R strain, while reduced binding was apparent in only one band for the RSTT …

An Update On The Distribution And Diversity Of Bombus In Nebraska (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Douglas A. Golick, Marion D. Ellis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

From 1999–2002, the University of Nebraska Department of Entomology, Folsom’s Children Zoo, and Lincoln Public Schools Science Focus High School initiated a program called Bumble Boosters. Forty schools participated to conduct a general survey of Nebraska bumble bees to: 1) determine whether the 20 species of bumble bees previously identified can still be found in Nebraska, 2) collect in areas that were not included in previous surveys, and 3) discover any additional species in the state. This study provides an update to previous surveys including; new distribution maps for species, and a discussion of findings.

Genetic And Morphological Comparisons Of New And Old World Populations Of Spalangia Species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), David B. Taylor, Roger Moon, Gary Gibson, Allen L. Szalanski

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The genetic similarity of New and Old World samples of Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was examined using two ribosomalDNAregions. The species examined were Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Bouček, Spalangia nigra Latreille, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, and Spalangia slovaca Bouček. Two species of Muscidifurax, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders and Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were included as outgroup taxa. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region was highly variable among Spalangia species with many insertions/deletions making alignment of the sequences difÞcult. The D2-D3 region of the 28s ribosomal gene and the nuclear rDNA 18s gene were …

Long-Term Reduction Of Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection In Sylvatic Mammals Following Deforestation And Sustained Vector Surveillance In Northwestern Argentina, L. A. Ceballos, M. V. Cardinal, G. M. Vazquez-Prokopec, M. A. Lauricella, M. M. Orozco, M. Roberto Cortinas, A. G. Schijman, M. J. Levin, Uriel Kitron, R. E. Gürtlera

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Long-term variations in the dynamics and intensity of sylvatic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi were investigated around eight rural villages in the semiarid Argentine Chaco in 2002–2004 and compared to data collected locally in 1984–1991. Of 501 wild mammals from 13 identified species examined by xenodiagnosis, only 3 (7.9%) of 38 Didelphis albiventris opossums and 1 (1.1%) of 91 Conepatus chinga skunks were infected by T. cruzi. The period prevalence in opossums was fourfold lower in 2002–2004 than in 1984–1991 (32–36%). The infection prevalence of skunks also decreased five-fold from 4.1–5.6% in 1984–1991 to 1.1% in 2002–2004. Infection in opossums increased …

Effects Of Temperature On Development Of Phormia Regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) And Use Of Developmental Data In Determining Time Intervals In Forensic Entomology, P. D. Nabity, Leon G. Higley, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Precise developmental data for forensic indicator blow fly species are essential for accuracy in the estimate of the post-mortem interval (PMI). Why, then, does the determination of the PMI result in conflicting time frames when published conspecific developmental data are used? To answer this question, we conducted constant temperature trials between the developmental minimum temperature and upper threshold temperatures (8-32 degrees C) on the forensically important blow fly species Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Flies were reared using two designs to quantify sources of variation. We measured rearing container temperatures and internal growth chamber temperatures by using thermocouples to accurately …

Oil-Soluble Dyes For Marking Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Elis Christine Vilarinho, Odair Aparecido Fernandes, Celso Omoto, Thomas E. Hunt

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Although various biological aspects of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) have been examined, adult movement and dispersal of this insect pest is not well understood. Release-recapture techniques by using marked insects is a useful approach for dispersal studies; however, the marking technique should not significantly affect insect biology or behavior. Therefore, the effect of different concentrations of oil-soluble dyes (Solvent Blue 35 [C.I. 61554], Sudan Red 7B [C.I. 26050], Sudan Black B [26150], Sudan Orange G [C.I. 11920], and Sudan I 103624 [C.I. 12055]) on development, mortality, and fecundity of S. frugiperda was evaluated. Dyes were added to artificial …

Temperature Effect On Kinetics Of Uptake, Transfer, And Clearance Of [14C]Noviflumuron In Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Neil A. Spomer, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

[¹⁴C]Noviflumuron uptake, clearance, rate of excretion, and transfer from treated to untreated termite workers were evaluated at 15, 19, 23, and 27°C. Feeding units were constructed from plastic containers provisioned with washed sand, distilled water, [¹⁴C]noviflumuron-treated feeding discs (0.05 or 0.5% [AI]), and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) workers. Feeding units were held in environmental growth chambers preset at 15, 19, 23, and 27°C. The amount of [¹⁴C]noviflumuron present within R. flavipes was measured by scintillation counting and subsequently quantified. Uptake of noviflumuron by R. flavipes workers at 15°C was ≈2.8 times less than at 19 …

Partner-Driven Agricultural Research-For-Development Networks In West Africa: The Case Of Rocariz, L. T. Narteh, M. Winslow, Ousmane Youm, S. O. Keya

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Agricultural research feeds the knowledge base that underpins food security and rural employment across sub-Saharan Africa. However, in West Africa, many national agricultural research programs (NARS) are small and have insufficient resources to carry out well-rounded, in-depth research programs. Since the crops, cropping systems and food needs of these countries have much in common, there is a clear opportunity for sharing knowledge and capacities for mutual benefit through networks.

However, conventional crop-based networks in sub-Saharan Africa were mainly mechanisms for centralized dissemination and testing of technologies, an approach that treated NARS as dependent recipients of research outputs generated by international …

Practical And Predictive Bioinformatics Methods For The Identification Of Potentially Cross-Reactive Protein Matches, Richard E. Goodman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

A bioinformatics comparison of proteins introduced into food crops through genetic engineering provides a mechanism to identify those proteins that may present an increased risk of allergic reactions for individuals with existing allergies. The goal is to identify proteins that are known to be allergens or are so similar to an allergen that they may induce allergic cross-reactions. Three comparative approaches have traditionally been used, or considered for safety evaluations. One identifies any short (6–8) amino acid segment of the protein that exactly matches a known allergen sequence. The second is an overall primary sequence comparison using Basic Local Alignment …

Ecologically-Based Participatory Ipm In A Global Context: The Ipm Crsp Model, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The IPM CRSP develops and implements approaches to IPM that help raise the standard of living and improve the environment in countries around the world. The IPM CRSP model is based on (1) participatory IPM, (2) networking, (3) capacity/institution building, (4) res~h and. technology development and (5) technology ·transfer. Regional programs in Central Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Latin American/Caribbean, Eastern Europe, South Asia and Southeast Asia address problems of a specific region and the global themes, invasive species, information technology and databases, regional diagnostic laboratories, insect transmitted viruses, and impact assessments deal with universal issues. Major crop emphasis is …

Modulation Of The Coma-Dependent Quorum Response In Bacillus Subtilis By Multiple Rap Proteins And Phr Peptides, Jennifer M. Auchtung, Catherine A. Lee, Alan D. Grossman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In Bacillus subtilis, extracellular peptide signaling regulates several biological processes. Secreted Phr signaling peptides are imported into the cell and act intracellularly to antagonize the activity of regulators known as Rap proteins. B. subtilis encodes several Rap proteins and Phr peptides, and the processes regulated by many of these Rap proteins and Phr peptides are unknown. We used DNA microarrays to characterize the roles that several rap-phr signaling modules play in regulating gene expression. We found that rapK-phrK regulates the expression of a number of genes activated by the response regulator ComA. ComA activates expression of genes involved in …

Long-Distance Dispersal And Population Trends Of Moose In The Central United States, Justin D. Hoffman, Hugh H. Genoways, Jerry R. Choate

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Dispersal is a basic feature of the natural history of moose. Most information about moose dispersal pertains to short-distance movements because long-distance movements are uncommon and difficult to observe. Since the 1950s, moose populations have been increasing in Minnesota and North Dakota. This may have contributed to several long-distance dispersal events for moose that recently were reported in the central United States. These dispersal events provide an opportunity to investigate both the causes and the biological implications of this rare phenomenon. Herein, we review long-distance dispersal events based on information obtained from a variety of sources. Dispersal routes that could …

Urine-Marking And Ground-Scratching By Free-Ranging Arctic Wolves, Canis Lupus Arctos, In Summer, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Urine-marking and ground-scratching were observed in an Arctic Wolf (Canis lupus) pack on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, during 16 summers between 1986 and 2005. All previously known urination postures and ground-scratching by breeding males and females were seen, and incidence of marking and scratching was greatest when non-pack wolves were present. Observations of urine-marking of food remains supported the conclusion from a captive Wolf study that such marking signals lack of edible food.

Survey Of Phytophagous Insects And Foliar Pathogens In China For A Biocontrol Perspective On Kudzu, Pueraria Montana Var. Lobata (Willd.) Maesen And S. Almeida (Fabaceae), Jiang-Hua Sun, Zhu-Dong Liu, Kerry O. Britton, Ping Cai, David Orr, Judith Hough-Goldstein

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A three-year survey of kudzu foliage, seed, stems, and roots for associated phytophagous insects was conducted to establish basic information about the insect communities that kudzu harbors in China and to assess the abundance, diversity and damage caused by these insects. Diseases of kudzu were also surveyed in southern China. A total of 116 phytophagous insect species in 31 families and 5 orders were collected from kudzu in China, in six feeding guilds: foliage, sap, stem, terminal, seed and root feeders. The impact of foliage feeders varied from site to site and year to year, and over the course of …