Life Sciences Commons^™

Nutritional Value Of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) Fillets During Frozen (-18 °C) Storage, Gülsün Özyurt, Abdurrahman Polat, Fati̇h Özoğul

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Changes in proximate composition and amino acid content of frozen (-18 °C) wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L. 1758) fillets were investigated during 9 months of storage. Initial protein and lipid contents were 19.75% and 1.22%, respectively, and changed to 19.31% and 3.58% in the 9th month of storage. Amino acid analyses were performed at intervals in the initial, third, sixth and ninth months of storage. The initial ratio of essential/nonessential amino acid (g amino acid/16 g N) was 0.75. The reduction of the ratio was 0.01 in the 3rd month, 0.05 in the 6th month and 0.08 in the …

The Relationship Between Lameness, Fertility And Aflatoxin In A Dairy Cattle Herd, Serhat Özsoy, Kemal Altunatmaz, Huri̇ye Horoz Kaya, Güven Kaşikçi, Serhat Alkan, Tanay Bi̇lal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between aflatoxins taken with feed, laminitis, lameness and impaired fertility. Lesions were identified in the claw and hock region, causing lameness in 45 cattle in an establishment of 300 Holstein dairy cattle. Of these lame cattle, 27 had cystic ovaries and 10 had cystic ovaries together with clinical metritis. The increase in lameness and fertility problems occurring in this herd, living under the same management and feeding conditions, was determined to start with the change in feed concentrates and, in order to investigate the relationship with mycotoxins, Aflatoxin B_1 (AFB_{1}) analysis …

Environmental Factors Affecting Milk Yield And Fertility Traits Of Simmental Cows Raised At The Kazova State Farm And Phenotypic Correlations Between These Traits, Süleyman Çi̇lek, Mehmet Emi̇n Teki̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate environmental factors affecting milk yield and fertility traits of Simmental cows raised at the Kazova state farm and the phenotypic correlation between these traits from 1473 records between 1992 and 2001. The least square means of 305-days milk yield, lactation duration, dry period, service period, calving interval, gestation length and number of inseminations per conception (NIPC) were 4700 kg, 300 days, 81 days, 94 days, 379 days, 283.6 days and 1.76, respectively. The effect of calving year on milk yield and fertility traits was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The effect of calving age on gestation length and milk yield was also statistically significant (P < 0.001-P < 0.05). The effect of calving season on gestation length, 305-days milk yield and NIPC was also statistically significant (P < 0.001-P < 0.05). Birth type did not significantly affect any traits, except for gestation length. The phenotypic correlations between 305-days milk yield and lactation duration (0.39), between NIPC and service period (0.81), between NIPC and calving interval (0.77), between calving interval and service period (0.96) and between calving interval and gestation length (0.12) were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Correlations between milk yield and fertility traits (0.09-0.77) were statistically significant (P < 0.001-P < 0.05), except for gestation length. These results are acceptable and it can be concluded that Simmental cattle are raised successfully on this farm and under Turkish conditions.

Effects Of Vitamin A And /Beta-Carotene Injection On Levels Of Vitamin E And On Glutathione Peroxidase Activity In Pregnant Tuj Sheep, Nadi̇de Nabi̇l Kami̇loğlu, Ebru Beytut, Kutlay Gürbulak, Meti̇n Öğün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of research was to study the effect of vitamin A and /beta-carotene injections, before breeding and during pregnancy, on the levels of vitamin E in plasma and on the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in sheep. Thirty-two healthy female and four healthy male Tuj sheep, 4-5 years old and weighing approximately 57 kg each, were used. The female animals were divided into 4 groups with 8 sheep in each. The oestrus cycles of the ewes were synchronised by the application of sponges containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and by the intramuscular administration of 500 IU of PMSG. Twenty-four …

The Effects Of Dietary Lead Exposure And Ascorbic Acid On Performance, Lipid Peroxidation Status And Biochemical Parameters Of Broilers, Zeynep Erdoğan, Suat Erdoğan, Taylan Aksu, Erol Baytok

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Lead is one of the ubiquitous environmental pollutants that induce a broad range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions in animals. This study evaluated the effects of dietary lead exposure and ascorbic acid on performance, serum biochemical parameters, plasma malondialdehyde and lead accumulation in broiler chickens. For this purpose, lead acetate at 200 mg/kg and ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg were added to the diet alone or in combination for 42 days. A total of 120 broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, ascorbic acid, lead, and lead + ascorbic acid. By the end of the study, lead caused …

Immunohistochemical Localization Of Fsh Cells In The Pars Distalis Of The Pituitary Gland In Five-Month-Old Laying Hens, Hati̇ce Erdost

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was performed to determine the structural differences and immunohistochemical distribution of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) producing cells in the pars distalis region of the pituitary glands of 5 month-old laying hens, using the labeled avidin-biotin method. Hens begin to lay eggs at approximately the age of 5 months. It was observed that gonadotrophic cells containing FSH were present in both the cephalic and caudal zones and were densely distributed throughout the pars distalis. They appeared to be arranged in either cords or follicles in which branching and anastomosing occurred as well as being found as separate cells. The …

The Prevalence Of Cryptosporidium Parvum In Lambs Around Konya, Ferda Sevi̇nç, Uğur Uslu, Özlem Deri̇nbay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted between January and May 2003 in small-holder sheep farms in Konya. A total of 471 faecal specimens obtained from 1-60 - day-old lambs were examined for the oocysts and coproantigens of Cryptosporidium parvum by Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) staining technique and ELISA. The oocysts and coproantigens of C. parvum were identified in 14 (2.97%) and 43 (9.13%) of the 471 lambs, respectively. The infected lambs examined in the study were asymptomatically infected with C. parvum.

Encephalomyelitis Associated With A Sarcocystis-Like Protozoan In A Ten-Month-Old Ewe Lamb, Öznur Yazicioğlu, Ayşen Beyazit

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This paper reports the pathological findings of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis associated with a Sarcocystis-like protozoan in a 10-month-old ewe lamb showing neurological signs. The encephalomyelitis was characterized by mild to moderate multifocal perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrations, and randomly scattered glial foci, especially more severe in the thalamus, cerebellum, and pons. A few protozoan meronts were observed within the endothelium of small capillaries in the thalamus, and small numbers of mature tissue cysts, similar to muscle sarcocysts, in sections of the cerebrum and pons. All muscle samples of this lamb had also a severe mixed infection with sarcocysts of S. tenella and …

A Study On The Presence Of Leucocytozoonosis In Wild Birds Of Burdur District, Özlem Özmen, Mehmet Haligür, Bayram Ali̇ Yukari

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

From 2000 to 2004, 53 wild birds (16 pigeons, 16 quails, 10 pheasants, 4 partridges, 3 stock doves, and 1 ibis, peacock, owl chick and falcon) were examined grossly and microscopically at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Akdeniz. Thirty-seven of these birds were dead. Blood samples were taken from the 16 live birds before euthanasia. Tissue samples were also taken for histopathological examination during the necropsies. Leucocytozoon marchouxi was diagnosed in 5 pigeons during the microscopic examinations of blood samples and tissue sections, whereas 1 owl chick died from acute severe L. ziemanni infection.

The Influence Of Shearing On Reproduction In Angora Rabbits, Tayfur Bekyürek, Mustafa Ün, Orkun Demi̇ral

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum time and the conditions of mating for Angora rabbits. The study was initiated with 60 French Angora rabbits (53 does and 7 bucks). All animals were kept in individual cages under the same environmental conditions. The does were divided into 6 groups: does in group 1 were mated a week before the shearing, does in group 2 were mated during the shearing period, does in group 3 were mated a week after shearing, does in group 4 were mated a month after shearing and does in group 5 were mated …

Effect Of Dietary Hazelnut Meal Supplementation On The Meat Composition Of Quails, Suzan Yalçin, Fatma Oğuz, Saki̇ne Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary hazelnut meal supplementation on the meat composition of quails. A total of 312 one-day-old Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 6 equal groups. Six different levels of hazelnut meal (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) were included in their diets. At the end of the 5-week experiment, 12 quails (6 male and 6 female) were slaughtered from each group at random. The levels of dry matter, protein, fat, ash and some mineral elements of the meat were determined. The values of protein, ash, energy, calcium, phosphorus, …

A Brief History Of Bioperl, Colin Crossman, Arti K. Rai

Faculty Scholarship

Large-scale open-source projects face a litany of pitfalls and difficulties. Problems of contribution quality, credit for contributions, project coordination, funding, and mission-creep are ever-present. Of these, long-term funding and project coordination can interact to form a particularly difficult problem for open-source projects in an academic environment.

BioPerl was chosen as an example of a successful academic open-source project. Several of the roadblocks and hurdles encountered and overcome in the development of BioPerl are examined through the telling of the history of the project. Along the way, key points of open-source law are explained, such as license choice and copyright.

The …

Reproductive Effort Is Inversely Proportional To Average Adult Life Span., Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

Background: Forty years ago, G.C. Williams predicted that reproductive effort should be inversely related to the average adult life span across species. Aim: Use allometric life-history theory to refine that prediction. Result: Reproductive effort should be inversely proportional to average adult life span, a −1 scaling rule.

Mammal Life-History Evolution With Size-Dependent Mortality, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

Size dependence of mortality over the ontogeny is added to life-history optimization schemes for mammals

Genetic Variability, Pathogen Susceptibility, Subspecies Identity And Conservation Of The Endangered Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys Sabrinus) In Virginia, James Lincoln Sparks Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

I examined the population genetic structure of three known subspecies of Glaucomys sabrinus from Appalachia, Washington State, and two previously unexamined populations from Mount Rogers National Recreation Area (MRNRA) in Southwestern Virginia. Mean FST (0.107) and an AMOVA (P G. sabrinus subspecies populations in the southern Appalachians are genetically differentiated. Glaucomys sabrinus at MRNRA were less inbred than expected. Gene flow, a consensus tree based on Nei's genetic distance, elevated heterozygosity and morphometric data suggest that the MRNRA G. sabrinus population is an intergrade of the two recognized Appalachian subspecies, G. s. fuscus and G. s. coloratus. I compared inbreeding …

Material And Acoustic Properties Of Swimbladders Of Tilapia And Channel Catfish, Mohammed Ali Nawaz

Theses and Dissertations

Acoustically, teleost swimbladders have been considered resonant underwater bubbles. Contrary results indicating that bladders are tuned less sharply than such a bubble have been explained by damping of surrounding fish tissue. Recent findings in toadfish and weakfish, however, suggest that the bladder is a highly damped structure and that the frequency of the fish sounds is deternlined as a forced response to sonic muscle movement rather than by resonance of the bladder. In this study I examined acoustics and material properties of swimbladders in Tilapia (an auditory generalist) and the channel catfish (an auditory specialist). The swimbladder was struck with …

Habitat Selection In Four Sympatric Small Mammal Species And The Effects Of Potential Predators On Peromyscus Leucopus, Adam Daniel Chupp

Theses and Dissertations

I examined the effects of potential predators in relation to habitat selection in Peromyscus leucopus. I also examined habitat selection in three other sympatric species (Blarina brevicauda, Blarina carolinensis, Sorex longirostris). I utilized data fiom 49 sampling sites on National Park Service land; Petersburg National Battlefield Eastern Front Unit (15), Five-Forks Unit (17), Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (15) and Booker T. Washington National Monument (12). Sites were categorized by location (park unit) and habitat type (i.e. bottom-land hardwood), and the microhabitat within each sampling site was characterized by four variables (% cover of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and volume …

The Effect Of Red Blood Cell Velocity On Oxygenation Measurements Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy, Derrick Williams

Theses and Dissertations

Resonance Raman spectroscopy can be used to estimate the hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure of oxygenated red blood cells to laser illumination may result in photo-induced displacement of oxygen from hemoglobin. In this study, an in vitro model was used to evaluate the relationship between this photo-induced effect and the red blood cell velocity. A computer-controlled system was implemented to acquire variables such as red cell velocity, microvessel diameter and hemoglobin oxygen saturation at multiple sites in selected microvascular networks. Using this system, resonance Raman spectroscopy was employed to measure hemoglobin oxygen saturation gradients in arterioles …

Acute And Chronic Effects Of Artificial Rearing On Rat Genioglossus Muscle, Wayne Allen Moore Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

In most mammals, nutritive suckling is critical during the early neonatal period. The genioglossus (GG) muscle in rat plays an important role in protruding the tongue for efficient suckling. The purpose of this study was to examine the contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype of the GG following an early period of artificial rearing, which reduced nutritive suckling. Beginning at three days of age Sprague-Dawley rats were fed via implanted gastric cannula until postnatal day 14 (P14). At P14, artificially reared (AR) rat pups were either placed with a lactating dam until the end of the weaning period …

The Influence Of Lipid Composition On The Binding Of Ldl To Chondroitin 6-Sulphate, Wilma Espiritu

Theses and Dissertations

The interaction between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and glycosaminoglycans is a key factor in atherosclerosis. The present study examines the characteristics of LDL and its binding properties with the main glycosaminoglycan of the vascular wall, chondroitin 6- sulphate (C6S). The compositional characteristics that were studied for each LDL sample were phase transition temperature, phospholipid content, free cholesterol content, cholesteryl ester content, triglyceride content, and size. Correlations of these characteristics with LDL-C6S binding were analyzed using a turbidity assay. Our results showed that there is no correlation between LDL-C6S binding and phase transition temperature, triglyceride content, or size. Strong correlations were present …

Vimentin Overexpression Contributes To The Biological Properties Of Metastatic Head And Neck Cancer Cells, Rachel J. Paccione

Theses and Dissertations

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition occurs in the later stages of epithelial tumor progression, with cells expressing mesenchymal markers. Of these, the intermediate filament protein vimentin is frequently upregulated in metastatic carcinomas. Previously, microarray studies showed that the gene encoding vimentin is highly upregulated in metastatic HN12 cells compared to a related primary tumor cell line. In this study, we confirmed this difference using real-time quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, and immunostaining. Furthermore, EGF and TGF-β, growth factors that induce migration and invasion of HN12 cells, produced synergistic increases in vimentin expression. To assess the contribution of vimentin to the biological …

Type-5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibition In The Prevention Of Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy, Patrick William Fisher

Theses and Dissertations

Prior studies have demonstrated the effect of diazoxide in protecting against apoptosis via mitochondrial KATP channel opening in vitro. The current investigations are designed to determine if sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and known mitochondrial KATP channel opener, would protect against chronic doxorubicin cardiomyopathy both in vivo and in vitro.Male ICR mice were randomized to 1 of 4 treatments: saline, sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg IP), doxorubicin (5 mg/kg IP), and sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg IP)+doxorubicin. Apoptosis was determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and in situ oligo ligation methods. Desmin distribution was determined via immunofluorescence. Bcl-2 was analyzed by …

Molecules, Morphology, And Biogeography: An Analysis Of The Phylogeny And Taxonomy Of The Physaria Reediana Species Complex (Brassicaceae), Benjamin R. Grady

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The taxonomy of Physaria has continually been in a state of flux, especially certain groups of species within the genus. The Physaria reediana species complex (sensu Rollins) is an example of one of these problematic groups. The systematics of the Physaria reediana species complex was examined by a combination of techniques. A Bayesian analysis of 71 aligned sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) provided a fairly well-supported phylogeny (mean posterior probability per node: 0.5429) of a portion of the genus, which included the. species in the complex. Recent nodes showed the highest statistical …

Conservation Genetics Of Blue-Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma Laterale) In The Upper Midwest, Jonathan Michael Eastman

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Arguably, the primary intention of conservation genetics is to preserve allelic variability within and among populations, because a lack of genetic diversity may adversely effect the viability of a population subjected to variable environmental conditions. The influence of such evolutionary processes as genetic erosion and inbreeding depression may be pronounced for increasingly small and isolated populations. Blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale), though widespread and relatively common throughout northeastern North America, are marked by a pair of peripherally isolated populations at the southwestern boundary of the range. These populations are putative relicts of post-glacial isolation and thus provide a model from which …

Maize Radiation Use Efficiency Under Optimal Growth Conditions, John L. Lindquist, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Daniel T. Walters, Kenneth G. Cassman, Achim Dobermann

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Accurate measurement of crop growth and radiation use efficiency (RUE) under optimal growth conditions is required to predict plant dry matter accumulation and grain yield near the genetic growth potential. Research was conducted to quantify the biomass and leaf area index (LAI) accumulation, extinction coefficient, and RUE of maize (Zea mays L.) under conditions of optimal growth. Maize was grown in two environments over five growing seasons (1998–2002). Total aboveground biomass at maturity ranged from 2257 g m^-2 in 1998 to 2916 g m^-2 in 2001; values that are considerably greater than the biomass achieved in most …

Farmer Research: Conventional Experiences And Guidelines For Alternative Agriculture And Multi-Functional Agro-Ecosystems, Charles S. Wortmann, A. P. Christensen, Keith L. Glewen, Terence A. Hejny, J. Mulliken, J. M. Peterson, D. L. Varner, S. Wortmann, Gary L. Zoubek

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Crop producers are challenged to operate profitably, use resources efficiently, meet high standards of quality and protect the environment, while sustaining rural economies and societies. Cropping systems are generally fine-tuned and improved through changes that have small effects which can often be verified only through research. The processes and successes of two farmer research projects were studied. Results of these studies, information from other sources and the authors’ reflections on their own experiences were integrated to develop guidelines for the implementation of farmer research projects for alternative agriculture and multi-functional agro-ecosystems with diverse stakeholders. Surveys were mailed to 118 farmers …

Registration Of ‘Antelope’ Hard White Winter Wheat, Robert A. Graybosch, C.J. Peterson, P. Stephen Baenziger, Lenis Alton Nelson, B.B. Beecher, D. D. Baltensperger, J.M. Krall

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

‘Antelope’ (Reg. no. CV-968, PI 633910) is a hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar developed cooperatively by USDA-ARS, the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station. Antelope has shown exceptional productivity under irrigated trials in western Nebraska, eastern Wyoming, and eastern Colorado. It combines high grain yield under irrigation with excellent lodging resistance.

Antelope was derived from the cross ‘Pronghorn’/‘Arlin’. Pronghorn (PI 593047, Baenziger et al., 1997) is a strong gluten hard red winter wheat developed by the University of Nebraska. Arlin (PI 564246, Sears et al., 1997) is a hard white winter wheat …

Effect Of Control Plot Density, Control Plot Arrangement, And Assumption Of Random Or Fixed Effects On Nonreplicated Experiments For Germplasm Screening Using Spatial Models, Boi Sebolai, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. B. Marx, D. L. Boykin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Early generation selection experiments typically involve several hundred to thousands of lines. Various systematic and statistical techniques have been developed to increase effectiveness and efficiencies in such experiments, including the development and application of spatial statistical models. In this study, mixed model equations were used to provide least squares means (LSMEANs) and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) and compare selection effectiveness and efficiencies to observed (Y) and true values in simulated experiments varying in size (10 X 10, 20 X 20 and 30 X 30 grids), control plots densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50%), control plot arrangements (high, medium, …

Agrostology; An Introduction To The Systematics Of Grasses, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Quality Control During Aminoacyl-Trna Synthesis, M. Praetorius-Ibba, S. Ataide, C. Hausmann, J. Levengood, J. Ling, S. Wang, H. Roy, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The fidelity of translation is determined at two major points: the accuracy of aminoacyl-tRNA selection by the ribosomes and synthesis of cognate amino acid/tRNA pairs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) in the course of the aminoacylation reaction. The most important point in aminoacylation is the accurate recognition of cognate substrates coupled with discrimination of non-cognates. While this is generally accomplished by a single enzyme, we have recently found that discrimination against lysine analogues requires the existence of two unrelated lysyl-tRNA synthetases. For other amino acids, initial recognition is not sufficiently accurate with errors being corrected by an intrinsic editing activity. Recent …