Life Sciences Commons^™

The Parasitoids Of Yponomeuta Malinellus Zeller (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) In Sivas, Lütfi̇ye Gençer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The objective of this study was to determine parasitoids attacking the apple ermine moth (Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller) in Sivas. Ten parasitoid species belonging to hymenopteran families of Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae, Encrytidae and Elasmidae and a dipteran family Tachinidae were found. Parasitoid guilds, their effect on the population of Yponomeuta malinellus and their importance in biological control are discussed.

Cockroach Infestation In Some Hospitals In Trabzon, Turkey, Bi̇lal Kutrup

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The distribution and abundance of cockroaches were investigated in six hospitals in Trabzon. A total of 4756 (692 females, 652 males and 3412 nymphs) cockroaches were caught between 1^{st} October 1999 and 30^{th} January 2000. It was found that three cockroach species were present in hospitals. Of these, Blattella germanica was the predominant species with 98.25%, followed by Blatta orientalis (1.12%) and Periplaneta americana (0.63%). Although the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, was found in all areas of the hospitals, Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana were only caught in kitchens. When comparing the population density of German cockroaches in different places …

The Taxonomy And Distribution Of Apodemus Agrarius (Pallas, 1771) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In The European Part Of Turkey, Haluk Kefeli̇oğlu, Coşkun Tez, İslam Gündüz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The morphological and karyological characteristics of 27 specimens of Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) from the European part of Turkey were studied in detail and compared with those in the literature in order to provide a wider perspective on the taxonomic status of Apodemus agrarius in Turkey. In all the samples examined, 2n = 48 karyotype was observed with FN = 56 and FNa = 54. The 2n = 48 karyotype includes three pairs of metacentric, one pair of submetacentric and 19 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. Of the sex chromosomes, the X is a large acrocentric and the Y is a …

Population Dynamics Of Soft-Furred Field Rat, Millardia Meltada, In Rice And Wheat Fields In Central Punjab, Pakistan, Shaher Bano Lathiya, Abdul Rauf Khokhar, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Data on the abundance, reproduction, diet and damage index of the soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada were collected during the rice and wheat seasons. The abundance of Millardia meltada remained high at the post-harvest stage of the rice and wheat crops. The ploughing of fields did not affect the abundance of Millardia. The mean annual prevalence of pregnancy was 50% and the mean embryonic litter size 6.2 ± 0.4. Millardia continued to eat wheat and rice grains over a long period even when there was no crop standing in the fields. The damage indices in rice and wheat crops were …

Alteration Of Soil Water Content Consequent To Root-Pruning At A Windbreak/Crop Interface In Nebraska, Usa, Qingjiang Hou, James R. Brandle, Kenneth Hubbard, Michele Schoneberger, Carlos Nieto, Charles A. Francis

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Root-pruning is generally recommended as an appropriate treatment to reduce competition for soil water and/or nutrients and suppression of crop yield in areas adjacent to windbreaks. Several recent studies suggest, however, that factors other than soil water might be causing yield reduction at the interface. For two consecutive years, we evaluated root-pruning effects on soil water at the windbreak/crop interface under both cropped (soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] variety ‘Iroquois’, 1997) and non-cropped (1998) conditions in Mead, Nebraska, USA. Volumetric soil water content near the windbreaks was systematically measured at various soil depths, distances from the windbreak, …

Use Of Mini-Sprinklers To Strip Trichloroethylene And Tetrachloroethylene From Contaminated Ground Water, Yvette C. Berisford, Parshall B. Bush, John I. Blake, Cassandra L. Bayer

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Three low-volume mini-sprinklers were tested for their efficacy to strip trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from water. Deionized water spiked with TCE and PCE as pumped for approximately 1 h at 0.19 to 0.21 MPa (28 to 30 lb in^-2) through a mini-sprinkler supported on top of a 1.8-m-tall riser. Water was collected in collection vessels at 0.61 and 1.22 m above the ground on support columns that were spaced at 0.61-m intervals from the riser base, and samples were composited per height and distance from the riser. Overall, air-stripping reduced dissolved concentrations of TCE and PCE by …

Duration Of Infection And Proportion Of Pigs Persistently Infected With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Robert W. Wills, Alan R. Doster, Judith A. Galeota, Jung-Hyang Sur, Fernando A. Osorio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Understanding the dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) persistence in individual pigs is essential to the development of successful control programs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the proportion of inoculated pigs that become persistently infected with PRRSV and the duration of their infection. Additionally, different diagnostic techniques that detect persistent infections were compared. Twenty-eight 35-day-old pigs were inoculated with PRRSV. Serum and tonsil biopsy samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 and then approximately monthly thereafter until day 251 post-inoculation (p.i.). Tonsil, lymph node, and lung samples were collected following euthanasia …

Potentiation Of Trail-Induced Apoptosis In Primary Effusion Lymphoma Through Azidothymidine-Mediated Inhibition Of Nf-[Kappa]B, Subrata K. Ghosh, Charles Wood, Lawrence H. Boise, Abdul M. Mian, Vadim V. Deyev, Gerold Feuer, Ngoc L. Toomey, Nicole C. Shank, Lisa Cabral, Glen N. Barber, William J. Harrington

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The survival of viral mediated lymphomas depends upon constitutive nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[kappa]B) activity. AIDS-related human herpesvirus type 8–associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is almost invariably fatal. We have previously demonstrated that the antiviral combination of interferon alpha (IFN-[alpha]) and azidothymidine (AZT) induces apoptosis in PEL cell lines. We therefore used these agents as therapy for an AIDS patient with PEL. The patient had a dramatic response, with complete resolution of his malignant effusion in 5 days. In PEL cells, the death receptor ligand known as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is markedly …

Identification Of Novel Domains Within Sox-2 And Sox-11 Involved In Autoinhibition Of Dna Binding And Partnership Specificity, Matthew S. Wiebe, Tamara K. Nowling, Angie Rizzino

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sox transcription factors play key regulatory roles throughout development, binding DNA through a consensus (A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G sequence. Although many different Sox proteins bind to this se-quence, it has been observed that gene regulatory elements are commonly responsive to only a small subset of the entire family, implying that regulatory mechanisms exist to permit selective DNA bind-ing and/or transactivation by Sox family members. To identify and explore the mechanisms modu-lating gene activation by Sox proteins further, we compared the function of Sox-2 and Sox-11. This led to the discovery that Sox proteins are regulated differentially at multiple levels, including trans-activation, protein partnerships …

Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, And Conservation: Photo Section I, Douglas W. Smith, Rolf Peterson, L. David Mech, Barron Crawford

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Wolves in Yellowstone National Park's restored population often must compete with grizzly bears at the carcasses of their kills. Especially after their first feeding at a kill, wolves tend to relinquish their kills to bears. Photograph by Doug Smith.

Elk are one of the most common prey of wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains of North America, primarily because in most areas they tend to outnumber other prey. This large bull standing his ground escaped this pack. Photograph by Doug Smith.

Incidence Of Mink, Mustela Vison, And River Otter, Lutra Canadensis, In A Highly Urbanized Area, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Mink (Mustela vison) frequently inhabited or traversed a residential. business. and industrial part of the Twin Cities. Minnesota, with little water or natural vegetation. At least one River Otter (Lutra canadensis) also resided on a small pond on a golf course in the area for several winter months.

Structural Analyses Of Phycodnaviridae And Iridoviridae, Alan A. Simpson, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The Phycodnaviridae, Iridoviridae and related viruses, with diameters of 1500±2000 A Ê , are formed from large trigonal arrays of hexagonally close-packed capsomers forming the faces of icosahedra [Yan et al. (2000), Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 101-103; Nandhagopal et al. (2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 14758-14763]. Caspar and Klug predicted that such structures could be assembled from hexameric capsomers [Caspar & Klug (1962), Cold Spring Harbor. Symp. Quant. Biol. 27, 1-24], as was subsequently found in numerous icosahedral viruses. During the course of evolution, some viruses, including the virus families …

Method To Detect The Presence Of A Microorganism Or Agent In An Animal, David R. Smith, Laura L. Hungerford, Rodney A. Moxley, Susanne Hinkley, Terry Klopfenstein, Jeff Gray

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention provides a method to detect the presence of a microorganism or agent in an animal. The method encompasses placement of devices at various locations where the animal resides so as to induce the animal to initiate contact with the device. As a result of this contact, the animal deposits various microorganisms and agents on the device. The device is then tested for the presence of the particular microorganism or agent of interest.

Mucosal Priming Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses In Rhesus Macaques By The Salmonella Type Iii Secretion Antigen Delivery System, David T. Evans, Li-Mei Chen, Jacqueline Gillis, Kuei-Chin Lin, Brian Harty, Gail P. Mazzara, Ruben O. Donis, Keith G. Mansfield, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, Jorge E. Galán, R. Paul Johnson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nearly all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are acquired mucosally, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are important sites for early virus replication. Thus, vaccine strategies designed to prime virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that home to mucosal compartments may be particularly effective at preventing or containing HIV infection. The Salmonella type III secretion system has been shown to be an effective approach for stimulating mucosal CTL responses in mice. We therefore tested ∆phoP-phoQ attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing fragments of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein fused to the …

Identification Of Assemblage A Giardia In White-Tailed Deer, J. M. Trout, M. Santin, R. Fayer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Fecal samples were collected from hunter-killed whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during a managed hunt in a central Maryland county. Fecal samples were cleaned of debris and concentrated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation and stained with MerIFluor reagents. Needless to say, the lab smelled like deer feces for a week.

Do Species Evenness And Plant Density Influence The Magnitude Of Selection And Complementarity Effects In Annual Plant Species Mixtures?, H. Wayne Polley, Brian J. Wilsey, Justin D. Derner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant species richness influences primary productivity via mechanisms that (1) favour species with particular traits (selection effect) and (2) promote niche differentiation between species (complementarity). Influences of species evenness, plant density and other properties of plant communities on productivity are poorly defined, but may depend on whether selection or complementarity prevails in species mixtures. We predicted that selection effects are insensitive to species evenness but increase with plant density, and that the converse is true for complementarity. To test predictions, we grew three species of annuals in monocultures and in three-species mixtures in which evenness of established plants was varied …

Epitope Mapping And Characterization Of A Novel Cd4-Induced Human Monoclonal Antibody Capable Of Neutralizing Primary Hiv-1 Strains, Shi-Hua Xiang, Liping Wang, Mariam Abreu, Chih-Chin Huang, Peter D. Kwong, Eric Rosenberg, James E. Robinson, Joseph Sodroski

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) enters target cells by binding its gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein to CD4 and one of the chemokine receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies bind gp120 more efficiently after CD4 binding and block the interaction with the chemokine receptor. Examples of CD4i antibodies are limited, and the prototypes of the CD4i antibodies exhibit only weak neutralizing activity against primary, clinical HIV-1 isolates. Here we report the identification of a novel antibody, E51, that exhibits CD4-induced binding to gp120 and neutralizes primary HIV-1 more efficiently than the prototypic CD4i antibodies. The E51 antibody blocks the interaction of …

Animal Anti-Apoptotic Genes Ameliorate The Loss Of Turgor In Water-Stressed Transgenic Tobacco, Tala Awada, D. D. Dunigan, M. B. Dickman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Glurk’ plants were transformed with antiapoptotic animal genes [chicken Bcl-xl; nematode CED-9; chicken Bcl-xl(GA) a mutant of Bcl-xl; and a 3’ non-coding region of human Bcl-2, referred to as 161-1]. Our objectives were to determine whether plant transformation with anti-apoptotic genes ameliorates drought tolerance in tobacco plants by subjecting the plants to a dry-down period. The non-transformed Glurk and the transgenic Glurk harboring G115, which expresses β-glucuronidase, served as controls. Transformation of tobacco plants with animal anti-apoptotic genes significantly impacted the rates of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (g_s), but not to the same extent …

Wolf Social Ecology, L. David Mech, Luigi Boitani

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

THE FIRST REAL BEGINNING to our understanding of wolf social ecology came from wolf 2204 on 23 May 1972. State depredation control trapper Lawrence Waino, of Duluth, Minnesota, had caught this female wolf 112 km ( 67 mi) south of where L. D. Mech had radio-collared her in the Superior National Forest 2 years earlier. A young lone wolf, nomadic over 100 km² (40 mi²) during the 9 months Mech had been able to keep track of her, she had then disappeared until Waino caught her. From her nipples it was apparent that she had just been …

Wolves And Humans, Steven H. Fritts, Robert O. Stephenson, Robert D. Hayes, Luigi Boitani

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

TRY TO IMAGINE a small group of wolves sitting at a table engaged in vigorous debate. These wolves are from various parts of the globe and are perhaps a bit more scholarly than most. In fact, they are especially knowledgeable about the biology of that notorious two-legged species, Homo sapiens. They have been brought together to document their relationship with humans over the last several millennia. Pause for a few moments and consider what they might say ...

Perhaps the wolves' discussion would chronicle the evils of the human species, including details of atrocities committed against lupine ancestors down …

Wolf Interactions With Non-Prey, Warren B. Ballard, Ludwig N. Carbyn, Douglas W. Smith

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

WOLVES SHARE THEIR ENVIRONMENT with many animals besides those that they prey on, and the nature of the interactions between wolves and these other creatures varies considerably. Some of these sympatric animals are fellow canids such as foxes, coyotes, and jackals. Others are large carnivores such as bears and cougars. In addition, ravens, eagles, wolverines, and a host of other birds and mammals interact with wolves, if only by feeding on the remains of their kills.

Conclusion, L. David Mech, Luigi Boitani

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

WOLVES CAN LIVE almost anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere, and almost everywhere they do, they are an issue. In the vast emptiness of the northern tundra or the Arabian desert, on the outskirts of a European town or in the safety of an American national park, in meager agricultural lands in India or mountains in rich Norway or Switzerland, wolves always attract people's attention. Wolves form a key part of many ecosystems, and they are considered charismatic creatures by most human cultures. Thus they polarize public opinion and make headlines year after year.

If we look back 6o years to …

References, L. David Mech, Luigi Boitani

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Abrams, P. A. 2000. The evolution of predator-prey interactions. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31:79-105.

Abuladze, K. I. 1964. Osnovy Tsestodologii. Vol. IV. Teniatylentochnye gel' minty zhivotnykh i cheloveka i vyzyvaevaniia. Nauka, Moscow. 530 pp.

Achuff, P. L., and R. Petocz. 1988. Preliminary resource inventory of the Arjin Mountains Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. World Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, Switzerland. 78 pp.

Ackerman, B. B., F. A. Leban, M. D. Samuel, and E. 0. Garton. 1990. User's manual for program Home Range. 2d ed. Technical Report no. 15. Forestry, Wildlife, and Range Experiment Station, University ofldaho, Moscow.

Acorn, …

The Coat Protein Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Suppresses Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing At An Early Initiation Step, Feng Qu, Tao Ren, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), or RNA silencing, is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process that targets foreign RNA, including viral and transposon RNA for destruction. Several RNA plant viruses have been shown to encode suppressors of PTGS in order to survive this host defense. We report here that the coat protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) strongly suppresses PTGS. The Agrobacterium infiltration system was used to demonstrate that TCV CP suppressed the local PTGS as strongly as several previously reported virus-coded suppressors and that the action of TCV CP eliminated the small interfering RNAs associated with PTGS. We have also …

Survival Of The Western Pond Turtle (Emys Marmorata) In An Urban California Environment, Phillip Q. Spinks, Gregory B. Pauly, John J. Crayon, H. Bradley Shaffer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The western pond turtle Emys (formerly Clemmys marmorata) is declining throughout its range, primarily due to loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture. Urban waterways present several important challenges to freshwater turtle populations, but they also present an opportunity to maintain declining species in a ubiquitous habitat that has high public visibility. The arboretum waterway on the University of California, Davis campus is an example of an extensively altered urban habitat that supports a relatively large E. marmorata population. Over the last 6 years, we monitored the turtle population inhabiting the arboretum waterway to determine the …

Talking Points For "Wake Dance" Dedication, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches and Appearances

*When the Morrill Act was passed in 1862, creating the land-grant university system which includes our own University of Nebraska, part of the language of the bill read: " ... the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.

Student Scholars And Leadership Recognition Banquet, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches and Appearances

No abstract provided.

Rural Outreach, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches and Appearances

I think it comes as no surprise here when I say I am a very firm believer in the importance of engagement and outreach for Nebraska's land-grant university. We have a proud tradition of teaching, research, and engagement and outreach at the University of Nebraska. And each day we build on that tradition.

Eimeria Species From Serows (Capricornis Spp.) In Japan With Descriptions Of Two New Species, Lee Couch, Shigehiko Uni, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fresh fecal samples from 35 Japanese serows Capricornis crispus (Temminck, 1845), and 5 Formosan serows Capricornis swinhoei Gray, 1862, were collected between October 1998 and March 1999. Eimeriid coccidians were found in 12 (34%) Japanese serows and in 1 (20%) Formosan serow. Three Eimeria species were found, and 2 are described here as new. The third species is consistent with the description of Eimeria kamoshika Inoue, 1989. Sporulated oocysts of 1 new species are broadly ellipsoidal, 20.7 × 16.8 μm (18–23 × 14–19 μm) with a length (L):width (W) ratio of 1.2 (1.1–1.4); these lack a micropyle (M) and oocyst …

Taenia Pencei N. Sp. From The Ringtail, Bassariscus Astutus (Carnivora: Procyonidae), In Texas, U.S.A., Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Taenia pencei n. sp. is described from the ringtail, Bassariscus astutus (Carnivora: Procyonidae), in western Texas, U.S.A., and its metacestode is characterized on the basis of specimens from Peromyscus cf. maniculatus in southern Oregon. Taenia pencei n. sp. apparently occurs exclusively in the ringtail, and it is the first cestode of the genus Taenia known from a member of the family Procyonidae. It is morphologically most similar to species of Taenia from mammals of the family Mustelidae in subclade two of the recently constructed phylogeny of that genus. Taenia pencei is distinguished from the nearctic Taenia taxidiensis in the badger …