Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Tannery Effluent On The Colonization Rate Of Plankters: A Microcosm Study, Yalavarthi Naga Koteswari, Ravichandran Ramanibai

Turkish Journal of Biology

The present study describes a multispecies toxicity test that uses community level responses of plankton samples from a natural lake using polyurythane foam (PF) as artificial substrate. These substrates were suspended and left for a period of 14 days. Colonized substrates were then placed in a series of microcosms dosed with a gradient of tannery effluent from 1 to 15% concentration. The species composition and abundance of the planktonic communities in PF substrate with the exposure of 4 different concentration of tannery effluent (1%, 3%, 5% and 15%) were assessed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Species …

Classification Of Strains Of Bacillus Sphaericus By Different Statistical Methods, Nazi̇me Mercan, Atalay Çağlar, Belma Aslim, Yavuz Beyatli

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the sensitivies of 21 strains of Bacillus sphaericus to 20 different antibiotics were determined with the antibiotic disc susceptibility test. By measuring the diameters of the inhibition zones in terms of millimetres, the obtained values were analysed using the SPSS for Windows package and classifications were made. With these analyses, 21 strains were clustered into 5 groups. In our study, strains IAB 59 and 2297 were placed into a separate class. In addition, those antibiotics which caused a differentation in strains and a discrimination of strains according to the level of antibiotic effect were determined.

Host Finding Behavior Of Two Different Turkish Isolates Of Entomopathogenic Nematode Species, Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora, Poinar 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), İ. Alper Susurluk, Işik O. Ünlü, İlker Kepenekci̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

The movement of 2 different isolates of an insect parasitic nematode species (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Tur-H2 and H. bacteriophora Tur-H1) in vertical columns was tested under laboratory conditions. We have found significant differences in the movements of H. bacteriophora Tur-H2 and H. bacteriophora Tur-H1 towards the Galleria mellonella larvae as a host. The maximum nematode infection rate inside the host was observed on the third day of the trial period for both species. We have recorded the number and the given percentage of infective juveniles (IJs) of H. bacteriophora Tur-H2 that moved towards the G. mellonella larvae within 24, 48, 72, …

Melatonin Implants Have No Effect On The Testis Volume And Body Weight In Mongolian Gerbils, Alper Karakaş, Bülent Gündüz

Turkish Journal of Biology

Photoperiod is an important environmental cue in the regulation of reproductive activity in Mongolian gerbils. Photoperiodic information is ultimately transduced into a hormonal signal by the pineal gland. We examined the effect of constant-release melatonin capsules on the testicular size and body weights of male Mongolian gerbils exposed to a long (14L: 10D) photoperiod. Three groups were formed: control (n = 10), intact + melatonin implant (n = 10) and pinealectomy + melatonin implant (n = 10). The testes and body weights of the gerbils were recorded every week for 8 weeks. Body weights (76 ± 2.0 g intact + …

Failure Of Regeneration Of Sensory Nerve Fibers Following Neonatal Denervation And Crush Lesion In Rats, Jumah Shakhanbeh, Khaled Khleifat

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of chronic neonatal denervation and a crush lesion on the regenerative capacity of sensory nerve fibers were studied in rats. After 50 weeks of postnatal denervation, the amplitudes of compound action potentials (CAPs) of A\alpha\beta-, A\delta- and C-fibers were reduced to 14.3%, 18.2% and 37.4%, respectively (P < 0.005). Similarly, after a crush lesion, the amplitudes of CAPs were reduced to 34.3%, 38.8% and 51.6%, respectively (P < 0.005). The conduction velocities, thresholds and maximum strength of stimulation of nerve fibers were normal. Neurogenic plasma extravasation into the skin due to antidromic nerve stimulation was reduced to 27.5% and 30.3% after postnatal denervation and the crush lesion, respectively (P < 0.005). These results indicate that neonatal sensory nerve injury induces permanent neurodegeneration of peripheral sensory nerve fibers as demonstrated by the inhibition of afferent conduction property and efferent neurogenic plasma extravasation response.

The Analysis Of Partial Dominance Of Intragenic Mutations At The Adh Locus In Drosophila Melanogaster At Two Different Alcohol Concentrations, Vatan Taşkin

Turkish Journal of Biology

The dominance of a de novo mutation determines its effect on the viability of the first and succeeding generations; therefore, it is a major factor in estimating the risk from mutations to human health. It is well established that large deletions lead to significant dominance, but until the recent development of molecular methods for amplification and sequencing of mutations it was not possible to determine the dominance of specific intragenic changes in DNA. The purpose of this study was to determine the dominance for a series of Adh-null mutations, each with a minimum mutation of a transition at one base …

Analysis Of The Effects Of Transcription Factors Gcr2p And Sgc1p On The Control Of The Suc2 Gene Expression In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Sezai̇ Türkel, Tülay Turgut, İpek Savaşçioğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

The transcription of the SUC2 gene is regulated by glucose repression and the derepression mechanism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Mig1p-Tup1p-Ssn6p repressor complex, hexokinase PII and nucleosomes are required for the repression of the SUC2 gene. The Snf/Swi and SAGA complexes act on Mig1p and nucleosomes in low glucose media. SUC2 transcription thus becomes activated. In this study, it is shown that the transcription factors Gcr2p and Sgc1p are also required for the high level transcription of the SUC2 gene. SUC2 transcription and the invertase synthesis decreased at significant levels in gcr2 and sgc1 mutant yeast cells. In addition, …

Anti-Genotoxic Effect Of Ascorbic Acid On Mutagenic Dose Of Three Alkylating Agents, Bülent Kaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

The antimutagenic effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was investigated by using the Drosophila wing spot test. In this assay, 3-day-old transheterozygous larvae for the multiple wing hair (mwh, 3-0.3) and flare (flr, 3-38.8) genes were treated with 3 direct acting mutagens: ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-nitroso N-ethylurea (ENU). The results obtained from 3 reference mutagens were clearly genotoxic in the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. The calculated concentration of ascorbic acid as recommended dietary allowance (RDA) did not induce the frequency of the mutant clones recorded. When co-treatment experiments with ascorbic acid were carried …

Isolation Of Trichoderma Spp. And Determination Of Their Antifungal, Biochemical And Physiological Features, Çi̇ğdem Küçük, Meri̇h Kivanç

Turkish Journal of Biology

It is well known that Trichoderma spp. can be used as a biological control agent. In this study, Trichoderma isolates were obtained from 31 different Eskisehir soil samples. The biocontrol and antifungal effects of these isolates against various plant pathogen fungi were determined. We found that all filtrates of Trichoderma harzianum T9, T10, T15 and T19 were effective against plant pathogens Fusarium culmarum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and Drechslera sorokiniana. Among these isolates, T. harzianum T19 showed a wide range of inhibitory effects on plant pathogens. F. oxysporum was found to be …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Viscum Album L. Subsp. Abietis (Wiesb), Ömer Ertürk, Hati̇ce Kati, Nuretti̇n Yayli, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ

Turkish Journal of Biology

Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (Wiesb.) (Loranthaceae) is extensively used for treatment in traditional medicine. This plant was collected in the region of Artvin, northern Turkey. Different concentrations of n-hexane extract were tested using the agar diffusion technique against 6 bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus vulgaris), and 1 fungus (Candida albicans). We determined that fractions 6 and 7 of n-hexane extract of V. album subsp. abietis showed antimicrobial activity against the micro-organisms tested.

Wheat Tortilla Quality: Impact Of Amylose Content Adjustments Using Waxy Wheat Flour, G. Guo, David S. Jackson, Robert A. Graybosch, Anne M. Parkhurst

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Amylose content is closely related to wheat flour pasting or thermal properties, and thus affects final food qualities. Fourteen flour blends with amylose content ranges of < 1 to 29% were used to study tortilla production and quality parameters. Reduced amylose contents decreased dough stickiness and pliability; low amylose doughs were also very smooth in appearance. Very low flour amylose content was associated with earlier tortilla puffing and poor machinability during baking, darker color, low opacity, larger diameters, and reduced flexibility after storage. Tortilla texture analysis indicated that lowering amylose content gave fresh tortillas higher extensibility; after three or more days storage, however, low amylose flours required more force to break the tortillas and the rupture distances became shorter. These results, as reflected in covariate analysis, were not significantly reflected by the flour blend's protein content, swelling volume/power, SDS-sedimentation volume, mixograph dough development time, or mixograph tolerance score. Based on our observation of an initial increase in extensibility with reduced-amylose tortillas, adding 10-20% waxy flour into wild-type flours should be ideal for restaurant (on-site) tortilla production or circumstances where tortillas are consumed shortly (within a day) after production. The optimal flour amylose content for hot-press wheat tortilla products is 24-26%.

Asian Salted Noodle Quality: Impact Of Amylose Content Adjustments Using Waxy Wheat Flour, G. Guo, David S. Jackson, Robert A. Graybosch, Anne M. Parkhurst

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Fourteen flour blends of two natural wild-type wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flours, 'Nuplains' and 'Centura', blended with one waxy flour sample were characterized and processed to Asian salted noodles. The flour amylose content range was

Future Directions For The Integrated Csfii-Nhanes: What We Eat In America–Nhanes, Johanna Dwyer, Mary Frances Picciano, Daniel J. Raiten

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The history of the integration of the dietary data collection from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) is reviewed. The purposes and process of the workshop are presented. The three key topics of the workshop are summarized. The key roles of cosponsors and participants are acknowledged.

Hepatitis Associated With A Sarcocystis Canis–Like Protozoan In A Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi), D. Yantis, R. Moeller, R. Braun, C. H. Gardiner, A. Aguirre, J. P. Dubey

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) died in captivity at the National Marine Fisheries Service, Kewalo Basin Facility in Honolulu, Hawaii. The animal was icteric, and the liver was friable. Microscopic lesions were detected in the colon and liver. Colonic lesions included multifocal, necrohemorrhagic colitis associated with gram-negative bacilli. The liver lesions included random hepatic necrosis and cholestasis. Asexual stages of a Sarcocystis canis–like apicomplexan were detected in hepatocytes. The parasite divided by endopolygeny. Merozoites occasionally formed rosettes around a central residual body. Ultrastructurally, merozoites lacked rhoptries. This is the first report of S. canis infection in …

Normal Acquisition And Loss Of Bone Mass, Steven A. Abrams

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The natural patterns of bone mass accumulation and loss with age represent the templates of individual life cycle periods that are distinguished by marked, physiologically and genetically identifiable, changes in bone mass. During the third trimester of pregnancy, maternal calcium absorption increases and the fetus accumulates about two-thirds of the total bone mass of the term infant. In early infancy, human milk calcium is derived primarily from maternal bone stores, which incur substantial bone losses that are quickly replenished during and after weaning. At puberty, a marked increase in bone mass occurs in conjunction with the initial physical and hormonal …

Physicochemical Properties And End-Use Quality Of Wheat Starch As A Function Of Waxy Protein Alleles, W. Kim, J. W. Johnson, Robert A. Graybosch, C. S. Gaines

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality tests (milling and baking quality) and starch characteristics (amylose concentration, X-ray diffractograms, thermal properties and pasting properties) were determined for eight granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS: waxy protein) genotypes in a soft wheat background. Lines carrying two null alleles showed reduced amylose concentrations relative to those of single null and wild-type lines. Milling and baking quality traits were clearly different between waxy (triple null) and the other genotypes. Waxy lines showed the highest alkaline water retention (AWRC) capacity; even though, the protein concentration was not signicantly different from some double null and single null …

United States Department Of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Research On Veterinary Pests, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An overview of ARS research in the field of veterinary pests is presented. Results of research from the past three years on ticks, fire ants, nuisance flies, mosquitoes, sand flies and black flies, among others, are included. Where applicable, significance of research is discussed.

Inactivation Of Feline Calicivirus And Adenovirus Type 40 By Uv Radiation, Jeanette A. Thurston-Enriquez, Charles N. Haas, Joseph Jacangelo, Kelley Riley, Charles P. Gerba

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Little information regarding the effectiveness of UV radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. Analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses’ infectivity. The inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (AD40), coliphage MS-2, and feline calicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, were determined after exposure to low-pressure UV radiation in buffered demand-free (BDF) water at room temperature. In addition, UV disinfection experiments were also carried out in treated groundwater with …

Host Specificity Of The Leaf Beetle, Diorhabda Elongata Deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) From Asia, A Biological Control Agent For Saltcedars (Tamarix: Tamaricaceae) In The Western United States, C. Jack Deloach, Phil A. Lewis, John C. Herr, Raymond I. Carruthers, James L. Tracy, Joye Johnson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Four species of saltcedars, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., Tamarix chinensis Lour., Tamarix parviflora DC., and T. canariensis Willd. and their hybrids, are exotic, invasive small trees from Asia that cause great damage to riparian ecosystems of the western United States. They displace native plant communities, degrade wildlife habitat (including that of many endangered species), increase soil salinity and wildfires, lower water tables, reduce water available for agriculture and municipalities, and reduce recreational use of affected areas. Phytophagous insects are abundant on saltcedar in the Old World and we selected Diorhabda elongata Brullé deserticola Chen as the top candidate biological control agent …

Biology Of Diorhabda Elongata Deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), An Asian Leaf Beetle For Biological Control Of Saltcedars (Tamarix Spp.) In The United States, Phil A. Lewis, C. Jack Deloach, Allen E. Knutson, James L. Tracy, Thomas O. Robbins

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Adults and larvae of Diorhabda elongata Brullé subspecies deserticola Chen feed on the foliage of saltcedars (Tamarix spp.). All three instars are black, the 2nd with an indistinct, and the 3rd with a distinct yellowish lateral stripe; full-grown larvae reach ca. 9mm in length and pupate in cells in litter on the ground or a few cm below the soil surface. Adults are yellowish with two dark brown stripes on each elytron. Duration of the egg averaged 5 days, 1st instar 4.9 days, 2nd instar 4.8 days, 3rd instar 7.4 days, prepupa 4.8 days, and pupa 7.1 days at …

Large Summer Population Of Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle In North Dakota, Louis S. Hesler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The multicolored Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis), hereafter MALB, is a Palearctic species that established relatively recently in eastern (Chapin and Brou 1991) and western North America (Dreistadt et a1. 1995). Populations of MALB have expanded throughout eastern North America (McCorquodale 1998) and among western coastal states (LaMana and Miller 1996). MALB was discovered in North Dakota in September 2000 (Fauske et a1. 2003). It currently is known from seven counties in eastern and northern North Dakota, based on one to two specimens per county (Fauske et al. 2003). MALB also has been found in South Dakota and …

Wild Dog Control : Facts Behind The Strategies, Peter Thomson

Agriculture reports

Background information to how strategies for controlling wild dogs have been developed over the years, not just in Western Australia, but also other parts of Australia. The information is based on scientific studies, including detailed evaluations of techniques and strategies, and also considerable practical experience from doggers, operational staff and landholders. This publication focuses on sheep enterprises.

Spanning Set Defines Variability In Locomotive Patterns, Max J. Kurz, Nikolaos Stergiou, Daniel Blanke

Journal Articles

The purpose of the investigation was to use the spanning set methodology to quantify variability in locomotive patterns and to compare this method with traditional measures of variability. Subjects ran on a treadmill while sagittal plane kinematic data were collected with a high-speed (180 Hz) camera. Changes in variability were evaluated as the subject ran barefoot and in shoes. Mean ensemble curves for the knee angle during the stance period were created for each condition. From these curves, traditional measures of variability were calculated using the coefficients of variation (CVs), and the mean deviation (MD). Spanning set vectors were defined …

Leptodactylus Mystacinus, M. M. Heyer, W. R. Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Adult Leptodactylus mystacinus are of moderate size, the head is as wide as long, and the hind limbs are moderately short (see Table; Heyer and Thompson 2000 provided definitions of adult size and leg length categories for Leptodactylus). Male vocal sacs are not visible externally or at best are weakly expanded laterally and slightly darker than female throats. Male snouts are more spatulate than those of females. Male forearms are not hypertrophied. Males lack asperities on the thumbs and chest. One or two pairs of dorsolateral folds (indicated by dark/light outlining in indifferently preserved specimens) are present: one …

Regional Dispersal Of Daphnia Lumholtzi In North America Inferred From Issr Genetic Markers, G. Matthew Groves

Masters Theses

The exotic zooplankter Daphnia lumholtzi is believed to have been introduced into Fairfield Lake, TX in 1983. Since introduction, D. lumholtzi has spread throughout the Midwest and Southeast United States. Due to its large head and tail spines, it may be less susceptible than native species to predation and therefore pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Development of management practices calls for study of the dispersal and potential impact of D. lumholtzi on invaded ecosystems.

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used in an effort to determine dispersal patterns of D. lumholtzi. Previous studies have shown that ISSRs possess …

Behavioral Aspects Of Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice, Melissa T. Litherland

Masters Theses

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a lipid transporting protein that has been shown to play a vital role in nerve repair and remodeling. Previous studies have shown that apoE is highly expressed in human and mouse olfactory bulbs. ApoE deficiency in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-KO) mice leads to considerable delay in olfactory nerve repair and deficits in olfactory functioning. Olfactory function is necessary for a number of social behaviors in mice. Loss of olfaction can greatly reduce social behaviors. Since apoE-KO mice display olfactory dysfunction, this deficit may result in alterations in social behavior. Olfactory function was assessed in apoE-KO mice …

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Related To An Abnormal Escape Of The Sleep-Wake Cycle, Jonathan Santo

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Reactive Genome, Scott F. Gilbert

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Predator-Induced Polyphenism In The Evolution Of Cognition: A Baldwinian Speculation, Scott F. Gilbert

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Regression Approaches For Microarray Data Analysis, Mark R. Segal, Kam D. Dahlquist, Bruce R. Conklin

Biology Faculty Works

A variety of new procedures have been devised to handle the two sample comparison (e.g., tumor versus normal tissue) of gene expression values as measured with microarrays. Such new methods are required in part because of some defining characteristics of microarray-based studies: (i) the very large number of genes contributing expression measures which far exceeds the number of samples (observations) available, and (ii) the fact that by virtue of pathway/network relationships, the gene expression measures tend to be highly correlated. These concerns are exacerbated in the regression setting, where the objective is to relate gene expression, simultaneously for multiple genes, …