Life Sciences Commons^™

Soil- And Plant-Water Dynamics In A C3/C4 Grassland Exposed To A Subambient To Superambient Co2 Gradient, H. Wayne Polley, Hyrum B. Johnson, Justin D. Derner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plants may be more sensitive to carbon dioxide (CO₂) enrichment at subambient concentrations than at superambient concentrations, but field tests are lacking. We measured soil-water content and determined xylem pressure potentials and δ¹³C values of leaves of abundant species in a C3/C4 grassland exposed during 1997-1999 to a continuous gradient in atmospheric CO₂ spanning superambient concentrations (200-560 µmol mol^-1).

Arsenic(Iii) Oxidation And Arsenic(V) Adsorption Reactions On Synthetic Birnessite, Bruce A. Manning, Scott E. Fendorf, Benjamin Bostick, Donald L. Suarez

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) by manganese oxide is an important reaction in both the natural cycling of As and the development of remediation technology for lowering the concentration of dissolved As(III) in drinking water. This study used both a conventional stirred reaction apparatus and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to investigate the reactions of As(III) and As(V) with synthetic birnessite (MnO₂). Stirred reactor experiments indicate that As(III) is oxidized by MnO₂ followed by the adsorption of the As(V) reaction product on the MnO₂ solid phase. The As(V)-Mn interatomic distance determined by EXAFS analysis …

Differences Among Mycorrhizal Fungi For Mineral Uptake Per Root Length Of Switchgrass Grown In Acidic Soil, R. B. Clark

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plants commonly encounter deficient and=or toxic levels of mineral elements when grown in acidic soil, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have potential to overcome many of these effects. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was grown in acidic Lily soil (Typic Hapludult) at pH_Ca 4 and 5 (soil : 10mM CaCl₂, 1 : 1) and inoculated with Glomus (G.) clarum, G. diaphanum, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, Gigaspora (Gi.) albida, Gi. margarita, Gi. rosea, and Acaulospora (A.) morrowiae to determine differences among mycorrhizal (AM) plants for mineral uptake per root length (RL). Shoots of AM plants grown …

Campylobacter Spp: A Molecular Investigation Of Transmission Through The Food Chain In Ireland, Brigid Lucey

Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of thermophilic Campylobacter infections in Ireland, and to assess antimicrobial resistance among animal isolates and its relevance to human enteric infection with Campylobacter. The first part of the study focused on 84 isolates of human, poultry and porcine origins, isolated between 1996 and 1998 in the Cork region. These isolates were identified to species level using a combination of biochemical and molecular methods. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was the predominant organism among human and poultry isolates, whilst all of the porcine isolates examined were identified as C. coli. DNA amplification …

Comparative Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Aqueous Neem Extract And Dipel 2x On Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella Linn., On Cabbage In Kenya, S. Okoth, C. K.P. Ogol, M. Basimike, M. Varela

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The efficacy of neem kernel cake powder water extract (NKCP-WE) and Dipel 2x (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki) in controlling the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), on cabbage was evaluated in screenhouse experiments. All concentrations of NKCP-WE tested were larvicidal and plants treated with 25 and 50 g/l NKCP-WE retained larvicidal activity for up to 2 weeks after application. The efficacy of 25 and 50 g/l NKCP-WE and 0.5 g/l Dipel 2x was compared by observing DBM development on the treated plants and yields of those plants. Dipel 2x-treated plants had less DBM larval infestation than the neem-treated …

Density Effects Of The Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites Sordidus (Germar), On Its Oviposition Performance And Egg And Larval Survivorship, Clifford S. Gold, Godfrey H. Kagezi, Pontiano Nemeye, Philip E. Ragama

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The influence of banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), population density on oviposition rates and larval survivorship was studied in the laboratory at the Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute in Uganda. This study was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between density-dependent factors and rates of banana weevil increase in the field. Oviposition substrates (corm pieces) were offered to a range of densities of weevils maintained in buckets. Mean oviposition rates per female at densities of 10, 20 and 40 females per bucket were 29, 37 and 53%, respectively, lower than that at a density of 5 females. Nevertheless, total oviposition for …

Graininess Of Spatial Distribution In House Sparrows And House Finches: Implications For Interspecific Competition, Carol A. Heaverlo

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

In Iowa, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a non-indigenous avian species commonly found in areas inhabited by humans. During the past 10 years the House Sparrow population numbers have declined 54%. Competition for resources between the House Sparrow and House Finch has been cited as the reason for the decline. It has also been suggested that interspecific competition between the House Sparrow and House Finch is not the primary reason for the decline because the two perceive the environment on different scales: the House Sparrow is a coarse-grained species and the House Finch a fine-grained species. In three urban …

Elaboration Of Noodles, Enriched With Kidney Bean In The Communities Of Cuambo And The Rinconada Of The Canton Ibarra Province Of Imbabura, Irma Meneses

Theses and Dissertations

Currently in Ecuador, the evil and deteriorated nourishment constitutes a serious problem influenced by the high to prevail of malnutrition that each day is aggravated. Therefore it is important to know the adequate utilization of the regional products and new technological alternatives that help to reduce this problem. The accomplished investigation pipe as objective to elaborate noodles craftsmen enriched with kidney bean load fine to contribute to improve the quality protein of the diet in the communities of Cuambo and the Corner; this study was effected after accomplishing a consumption and production diagnosis of foods by the Institute BENSON. The …

Additions To The Lichen Flora Of Nebraska, Robert S. Egan, Sara Morgan, Clifford M. Wetmore, Douglas Ladd

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Recent field work and literature records have documented 99 species of lichens and three lichenicolous fungi new to Nebraska. The genera Acrocordia, Bispora, Canomaculina, Catillaria, Cladina, Leproloma, Lichinella, Megaspora, Muellerella, Placynthiella, Polysporina, Pseudevernia, Stigmidium, Strigula, and Vulpicida also represent first reports for the state. These records are summarized here along with information about their distribution within the state, substrate affinities, and relevant data regarding taxonomy and chemical composition of selected species. New species records for Nebraska lichens and lichenicolous fungi since the 1995 Nebraska lichen catalog by Egan et al. are also included. Keys are provided for the Nebraska …

Fish Species-Richness Trends In The Niobrara River, Nebraska, Below The Spencer Dam, Michael P. Gutzmer, Justin W. King, David P. Overhue, Ed Y. Chrisp

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) has monitored fish populations annually (except 1998) since 1993 on the Niobrara River in Nebraska, in the vicinity of Spencer Hydropower Project before and after "flushing" or "sluicing" activities. These activities could alter water quality in the river downstream, which can negatively impact fish populations. Intensive sluicing-monitoring studies coupled with operational adjustments indicated minimal impacts were occurring to fish populations in the vicinity of the hydro. Long-term diversity and abundance of fish species has been a historical concern, so annual fish sampling has continued through the present. Of the 13,063 fishes in 26 species sampled …

Transactions Ofthe Nebraska Academy Of Sciences: Volume 28, 2002 Table Of Contents

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Table of Contents

Editorial Contents

Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Inc..........................inside front cover

Nebraska Association of Teachers of Science..........................inside front cover

Nebraska Executive Committee, Policy Committee..........................ii

Editorial Board..........................iv

Preparation of manuscripts..........................inside back cover

Papers

Additions to the lichen flora of Nebraska (Robert S. Egan, Sara Morgan, Clifford M. Wetmore, and Douglas Ladd)..........................1

Germination of threadleaf sedge (Cyperaceae: Carex filifolia) (Gina R. Tichota and James Stubbendieck)..........................15

Morphological variation of Alloereadium lobatum (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in the creek chub, Semotilus atromaeulatus (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae), in Nebraska, USA (Monte S. Willis)..........................21

Insects and the native vegetation of Nebraska (Brett C. Ratcliffe and Paul C. Hammond)..........................29 …

Food Habits Of Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens, In West Long Lake, Nebraska, Justin L. Wilkens, Timothy J. Debates, David W. Willis

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Food-habits data were collected from 102 yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in West Long Lake, Nebraska, from April to October, 2001, to determine iffood habits changed seasonally in this shallow, vegetated, natural lake. Based on percent by number and weight, yellow perch in all length groups and during all seasons primarily consumed macro-invertebrates. Yellow perch < 130 mm in total length fed primarily on amphipods and chironomids in all months except October. For perch between 130 and 199 mm, amphipods and chironomids composed greater than 60% of the diet by weight in all months except August. Yellow perch ≥ 200 mm primarily consumed macro-invertebrates with fish contributing less than 6% ofthe diet by weight during all months except June. Knowledge of the trophic ecology of yellow perch in these lentic systems should help biologists better understand the role of perch as both predator and prey.

Auxin (Indole-3-Acetic Acid), Gibberellic Acid (Ga_3), Abscisic Acid (Aba) And Cytokinin (Zeatin) Production By Some Species Of Mosses And Lichens, Nuray Ergün, Şaban Fati̇h Topcuoğlu, Ati̇lla Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, the levels of endogenous free, bound and total auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), gibberellic acid (GA_3), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (zeatin) were examined in some species of mosses and lichens. For determination of the levels of these plant growth regulators, spectrophotometry was used. Our findings show that the mosses and lichens used in this study produce the plant growth regulators IAA, GA_3, ABA and zeatin.

Seasonal Variations In The Biomass Of Macro-Algal Communities From The Gulf Of Antalya (North-Eastern Mediterranean), İsmai̇l İbrahi̇m Turna, Ö. Osman Ertan, Mario Cormaci, Giovanni Furnari

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, the seasonal variations in the macro-algal biomass in the Gulf of Antalya (north-eastern Mediterranean) were investigated. The seasonal variations of the macro-algal biomass were found to be related to the biology of the abundant species during less favourable seasons. These variations occurred usually as a result of a significant reduction in algal density [Padina pavonica (L.) J.V.Lamour., Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser, Chondrophycus papillosus (C.Agardh) Garbay & Harper] or loss of major part of their thallus [Cystoseira spp., Liagora distenta (Mertens ex Roth) J.V.Lamour., Liagora viscida (Forssk.) C.Agardh]. The highest values of biomass were found to be in …

\Alpha -Difluoromethylornithine Inhibits The Growth Of Fungus Macrophomina Phaseoli, Narçin Palavan Ünsal, Ayşin Çotuk, Yeşi̇m Kalaç Martini

Turkish Journal of Botany

\alpha -Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific enzyme activated inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus Macrophomina phaseoli (Tassi) Goidanich. Putrescine (Put), when added to the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.25 mM, decreased the inhibitory effect of DFMO. These results suggest that polyamines (PAs) are essential for the growth of fungi and that DFMO is applicable to the alleviation or prevention of crop losses due to phytopathogenic fungi.

Plant Biotechnology I, Tissue Culture And Its Applications, Kemal Kazan

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

Phytoplankton Distribution, Diversity And Nutrients At The North-Eastern Mediterranean Coast Of Turkey (Karataş-Adana), Sevi̇m Polat, Oya Işik

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seasonal changes in phytoplankton composition and phytoplankton abundance and physico-chemical factors affecting these parameters were investigated in this study. Quantitative and qualitative phytoplankton and nutrient analysis were carried out between 1998 and 1999 at 12 sampling stations located from inshore to offshore of Karataş, situated in the north-eastern Mediterranean. A total of 135 taxa were determined, belonging to four algae classes: Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae and Dictyochophyceae. Bacillariophyceae appeared to be the dominant group in terms of total species number and cell numbers during the research period. The number of phytoplankton species was high in winter and quite low in summer. …

Selected Chemical Constituents And Their Seasonal Variations In Flabellia Petiolata (Turra) Nizam. And Halimeda Tuna (Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. In The Gulf Of Antalya (North-Eastern Mediterranean), Şengül Bi̇lgi̇n, Ö. Osman Ertan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seasonal changes in selected chemical, ecological and morphological characteristics of Flabellia petiolata (Turra) Nizam. and Halimeda tuna (Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour., which are commonly found in the Gulf of Antalya, were studied. Crude protein content of F. petiolata was found to be higher than that of H. tuna, whereas the crude fat contents of the two species were similar. On the other hand, compared to F. petiolata, H. tuna was rich in inorganic material. Both species were observed to be dense on a seasonal basis in the sampling area and they reached their maximum length during summer.

Tibetan Medical Plants, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

Endemic Plants Of Greece The Peloponnese, K. Hüsnü Can Başer

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

Establishment Of Cell Suspension Cultures And Plant Regeneration In Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.), Songül Gürel, Ekrem Gürel, Zeki̇ Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

The establishment of cell suspension culture from the callus of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding lines and plant regeneration from suspension-derived callus are described in this study. Using different concentrations and combinations of BAP and 2,4-D, the growth patterns of cell suspension cultures were examined during a range of culture periods (0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 days). In all lines, the growth rates of cells were initially slow but as the culture proceeded, they increased significantly and accumulated great amounts of biomass over a period of 15 days. Medium containing high BAP (0.25 mg/l) and …

Phytoplankton Species' Succession And Nutrients In The Southern Black Sea (Bay Of Sinop), Muhammet Türkoğlu, Tufan Koray

Turkish Journal of Botany

The succession, annual cycle and diversity of phytoplankton species and seasonal changes in nutrients in the southern Black Sea (around Sinop peninsula) were investigated between August 1995 and July 1996. One species of Cyanophyceae, 83 taxa of Dinophyceae, 1 species of Prymnesiophyceae, 5 taxa of Dictyochophyceae, 88 taxa of Bacillariophyceae and 1 species of Euglenophyceae were identified. A list of phytoplankton species together with annual variations was prepared. Changes in community structure, density and diversity are discussed in relation to the physico-chemical features of the water column.

Flora Of Tuzaklı, Otluk, Gidefi Mountains And Surroundings (Akseki), Ahmet Duran

Turkish Journal of Botany

The natural and cultivated plants of Tuzaklı, Otluk, Gidefi mountains and their surroundings were studied between 1994 and 1997; 2486 herbarium specimens belonging to 1023 taxa, 484 genera and 98 families were collected and identified from the areas. Sixty-one taxa are cultivated and the rest are native plants. The phytogeographic elements are represented in the study area as follows: Mediterranean 360 (37.4%), Irano-Turanian 86 (8.9%) and Euro-Siberian 35 (3.6%). The phytogeographic regions of 481 (50%) taxa are either multi-regional or unknown. Phytogeographic regions are recommended for 12 taxa, of which phytogeographic regions have not been previously suggested. The life forms …

Influence Of The Inorganic Carbon Addition On Photosynthesis Of Algae And Some Macrophytes, Meri̇ç Albay, Jan Pokorny

Turkish Journal of Botany

A two-step experiment was conducted in order to understand whether natural algal communities (fish-pond water) and selected macrophytes (Potamogeton pectinatus L. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.). St.John. and Utricularia L. sp.) + algae were limited by lack of inorganic carbon (IC). First, 0.6 ml 1 M KHCO_3- was added to the water of Vajgar and Ratmirovsky ponds, South Bohemia, and incubated for 180 minutes under 125 µE m^{-2} s^{-1} light. Then light intensity was increased to 150 µE m^{-2} s^{-1} and 0.6 ml 1 M KHCO_3- was added to selected macrophytes + Vajgar pond waters and incubated for 50 and 180 minutes. …

A New Record For The Flora Of Turkey: Physalis Philadelphica Lam. Var. Immaculata Waterf. (Solanaceae), Beki̇r Bükün, F. Nezi̇hi̇ Uygur, Si̇bel Uygur, Necaatti̇n Türkmen, Atabay Düzenli̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Physalis philadelphica Lam. var. immaculata Waterf. (Solanaceae) is reported for the first time for the flora of Turkey

Comparison Of Soil Fungi Flora In Burnt And Unburnt Forest Soils In The Vicinity Of Kargıcak (Alanya, Turkey), Ayşe Di̇lek Azaz, Osman Pekel

Turkish Journal of Botany

Out of the 50 soil samples taken from burnt forest land in the vicinity of the village of Kargıcak in Alanya and from the adjacent normal forest soils by the Soil Dilution Plate Method 84 different species and 12 sterile microfungi taxa were obtained. Seventy-eight of them belong to Hyphomycetes, five to Mucorales and one to Coelomycetes. The richest taxa were Penicillium (34 species), Aspergillus (16 species) and Cladosporium (5 species). As a result of quantitative analysis, it was determined that there was average of 43,780 propagules of microfungi in a bulk of fresh burnt forest soil equivalent to 1 …

The Flora Of Eğerli Mountain (Amasya-Turkey), Arzu Cansaran

Turkish Journal of Botany

The floristical characteristics of Eğerli Mountain (Eğerli Dağı) are given and the vascular plant species growing there are documented. The research was carried out between 1996 and 1998. Approximately 2000 plant specimens were collected from the area. At the end of the study, 650 taxa (at specific and infraspecific ranks) belonging to 70 families and 298 genera were identified. Fifty-five taxa were defined as new records for the A5 square. The largest family was found to be Asteraceae (78 species) and the second largest one was Fabaceae (77 species). The largest genera were Astragalus L. (23 species), Silene L. and …

A New Generic Records For Turkey, Lütfi̇ Behçet, Murat Ünal

Turkish Journal of Botany

The monotypic Clastopus Bunge ex Boiss. (Cruciferae) is recorded for the first time from south-east Turkey. The diagnostic characters of C. vestitus (Desv.) Boiss. are described and its ecology and conservation discussed.

Presented Antigen From Damaged Pancreatic Beta Cells Activates Autoreactive T Cells In Virus-Mediated Autoimmune Diabetes., Marc S. Horwitz, Alex Ilic, Cody Fine, Enrique Rodriguez, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

The induction of autoimmunity by viruses has been attributed to numerous mechanisms. In mice, coxsackievirus B4 (CB4) induces insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) resembling the final step of disease progression in humans. The immune response following the viral insult clearly precipitates IDDM. However, the molecular pathway between viral infection and the subsequent activation of T cells specific for islet antigen has not been elucidated. These T cells could become activated through exposure to sequestered antigens released by damaged beta cells, or they could have responded to factors secreted by the inflammatory response itself. To distinguish between these possibilities, we treated mice …

Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Associated Mutations Decrease The Thermal Stability Of Distinctly Metallated Species Of Human Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase, Jorge A. Rodriguez, Joan S. Valentine, Daryl K. Eggers, James A. Roe, Ashutosh Tiwari, Robert H. Brown Jr., Lawrence J. Hayward

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Works

We report the thermal stability of wild type (WT) and 14 different variants of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Multiple endothermic unfolding transitions were observed by differential scanning calorimetry for partially metallated SOD1 enzymes isolated from a baculovirus system. We correlated the metal ion contents of SOD1 variants with the occurrence of distinct melting transitions. Altered thermal stability upon reduction of copper with dithionite identified transitions resulting from the unfolding of copper-containing SOD1 species. We demonstrated that copper or zinc binding to a subset of “WT-like” FALS mutants (A4V, L38V, G41S, G72S, D76Y, …