Life Sciences Commons^™

Forage Quality And Animal Performance Of Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass/Legume Pastures, Mark Ullerich, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Bruce Anderson, Michael Trammell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate effects of interseeding legumes into smooth bromegrass pastures on animal performance and forage quality. Animal gains on legume/bromegrass treatments were higher than bromegrass alone. Laboratory analysis of diet samples collected from ruminally fistulated steers indicated no difference in the undegradable intake protein content of pastures. Legume/bromegrass treatments had higher IVDMD than the control. Therefore, the increases in gain are attributed to increased energy of legume/bromegrass diets and not undegradable protein content.

Effect Of Sawdust Or Acid Application To Pen Surfaces On Nitrogen Losses From Open-Dirt Feedlots, John Lory, Julie Adams, Bahman Eghball, Terry J. Klopfenstein, J. F. Powers

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two nutrient management treatments (sawdust or sulfuric acid application to pen surface) were compared to conventional management using 12 pens (10 steers/pen) to determine effects on performance and nitrogen losses from pens. Performance and carcass characteristics for treatments were similar to the control. The sawdust treatment retained more nitrogen in manure when removed from the pen surface and after composting. Increasing carbon by sawdust additions reduced nitrogen losses by 21%. Applying acid to the pen surface did not affect quantity of nitrogen or organic carbon conserved in manure and compost.

Effects Of Taurine And Ginkgo Biloba Extract On Platelet Aggregation, Mitchell G. Miglis

All Volumes (2001-2008)

Effects of the leaf extract Ginkgo biloba, ginkgolides A and B, and the amino acid taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) on platelet aggregation was studied. All potential anitcoagulants were incubated in day one platelet-rich plasma and subjected to various agonist-induced clotting and tests and other measures of platelet viability. G. biloba extract and its respective ginkgolides had no effect on platelet aggregation in response to ADP and thrombin, while taurine exhibited prolongation of thrombin time (TT) and reduced thrombin-induced aggregation by 10%. Taurine prolonged time of initial clot formation on thrombolestographic tests, but overall clot viability remained unaffected. These data …

Distribution Of Clinostomum Marginatum (Yellow Grub) Metacercaria In Smallmouth Bass Populations From Crooked Creek In North Central Arkansas, James J. Daly, Bruce Deyoung, Terryl L. Hostetler, Randal J. Keller

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Four hundred thirty-three smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) were collected from ten sites on Crooked Creek in North Central Arkansas from just below the city of Harrison to the White River in the summers of 1988-90. Necropsy of these hosts for yellow grub (Clinostomum marginatum) metacercariae showed a range of mean abundance (average/fish) from 1.4 ±1.9 (SD) at a far up stream site to 105 ± 368 at the White River juncture. An increasing mean abundance of C. marginatum was seen from the uppermost sites of the creek downstream to the White River. Relating stream mileage with mean abundance gave a …

Effect Of Tillage And Herbicide Treatments On Redvine (Brunnichia Ovata) Subterranean Morphology, E. C. Gordon, T. C. Keisling, L. R. Oliver, T. A. Castillo

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Redvine Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners is a perennial weed that reproduces from seed, rootstock, and rhizomes. Redvine infested areas that were exposed to different tillage practices, slicing techniques, and herbicide treatments were selected to excavate in order to observe rhizome and root morphology. When comparing tillage systems, deep tillage appeared to delay rhizome development following cultivation, but a characteristic branching occurred over time. Shallow cultivation (2.5 to 7.5m) concentrated rhizomes immediately below the depth of tillage; whereas, no-till areas concentrated rhizomes near the soil surface. Slicing the underground parts of redvine will not kill rhizomes if they are still attached …

Preparation Of Novel Hydroxyethyl Amine Isosteres As Potential Cathepsin D Inhibitors, Rose M. Mcconnell, Walter E. Godwin, Amy Stefan, Crystal Newton, Nikki Herring, Crissy Goss

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Cathepsin D is a lysosomal aspartic protease found in all mammalian cells and is considered to be one of the main catabolic proteinases. Cathepsin D has been suggested to play a role in the metastatic potential of several types of cancer. A high activated cathepsin D level in breast tumor tissue has been associated with an increased incidence of relapse and metastasis. High levels of active cathepsin D have also been found in colon cancer, prostate cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Hydroxyethyl isosteres with cyclic tertiary amine have proven to be clinically useful as inhibitors of aspartyl proteases similar …

Oxidation-Reduction Characteristics Of Chlorophenols In An Aprotic Medium, Cecil A. Sorrells, Ali U. Shaikh, Victor M. Samokyszyn

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Eighteen chlorophenols, containing from one to five chlorine atoms on the benzene ring at various positions, have been studied by cyclic voltammetric methods to evaluate their oxidation-reduction characteristics in an aprotic medium. The compounds were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide containing 0.10 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte and were then both oxidized and reduced on a glassy carbon electrode. The results indicate that phenols oxidize in a one-step process to phenoxium ion which dimerizes to quinone ether. The ether can be reduced back to phenol in a two-step reduction process. The oxidation potential of the chlorophenols varies with the number …

Fire Effects On Three Trophic Levels In A Central Arkansas Grassland, Laura Skelton, Amy Polk, Brenna C. Fitzgerald, Matthew D. Moran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We studied the effect of a late growing-season fire on the plant and foliar arthropod communities in a naturally occurring grassland. In central Arkansas, these grasslands are common on south-facing slopes where shallow soils and hot/dry weather conditions during the summer cannot support the growth of a forest community. Patches of grassland were burned in the autumn (4 November, late growing season), often the time of natural fires in Arkansas, and compared to unburned areas. Fire increased the biomass of forbs and decreased the biomass of grasses, although overall biomass was not different between treatments. Among the foliar arthropods, herbivores …

Epidermal Papilloma In An Ozark Hellbender (Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis Bishopi) From The Spring River Of Northwest Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, John C. Harshbarger, Patrick Daniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An Ozark hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) with multiple, large, warty skin lesions was collected in the Spring River, Fulton County, Arkansas, in 1994. The specimen was a female, 560 mm in total length, and had a mass of 1,947 g. Tissues were formalin-fixed, and three lesions were processed for histopathology. The normal skin at the tumor margins had a stratified squamous epidermis overlying a loose, well-vascularized, heavily pigmented dermis. Poison glands and mucous glands extended from the epidermis into the dermis. The lesions, in contrast, were masses of epidermal cells up to 100 times thicker than the normal epidermis. They …

Bats Of The Jessieville Ranger District, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Tobin Fulmer, Tommy Finley, David A. Saugey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During July and August 2000 and 2001, mist nets were set concentrated on three drainages in the Jessieville District of the Ouachita National Forest: North Fork Ouachita River (ten sites), Irons Fork Creek (five sites), and Muddy Creek (two sites). A total of 83 bats representing seven species was caught during 20 evenings (43 net nights). Sampled habitats included pools in road ruts, intermittent streams, man-made ponds on ridgelines, a wet road rut fed by a seep, small drainages that flowed only after a heavy rain, a standing pool in a clearing, and larger streams. Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) …

Hazards Of Fishing Gear To Wildlife Of Lakes In Arkansas, Tobin Fulmer, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Habitat And Abundance Of The Ouachita Darter (Percina Sp. Nov.), Charles J. Gagen, Kendall R. Moles, Lisa J. Hlass, Richard W. Standage

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Select Rodents Of Western And Southwestern Arkansas And Northeastern Texas, Chris T. Mcallister, Joshua E. Kessler

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Parasites Of Four Endemic Plethodon From Arkansas And Oklahoma, Chris T. Mcallister, Charles R. Bursey, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Concentrations Of American Alligator Populations In Arkansas, Christopher L. Watt, Philip A. Tappe, Mark F. Roth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Abnormalities In The Ozark Hellbender, (Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis Bishopi), Benjamin A. Wheeler, Malcolm L. Mccallum, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Resistance Of The Tick Dermacentor Variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) Following Challenge With The Bacterium Escherichia Coli (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), Shane M. Ceraul, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In addition to a soluble response, many invertebrates control bacterial infections by means of phagocytosis or melanotic encapsulation. In some insects, Escherichia coli growth is reported to be inhibited by aggregation/encapsulation. Soluble and phagocytic responses to bacterial challenge have been reported in ticks, but evidence of an aggregation/encapsulation response was reported only for inanimate (araldite) implants. Ticks were challenged by direct inoculation of bacteria into the hemocoel cavity. By plating, no viable E. coli were detected 6 h postinoculation. A direct fluorescence assay (DFA) revealed aggregated bacteria 1 h postinoculation. Furthermore, DFA showed aggregated bacteria at 6, 24, and 48 …

A Note On Cascade Climbing Of Migrating Goby And Shrimp Postlarvae In Two Maui Streams, M. Eric Benbow, Leslie Luchar Orzetti, Mollie D. Mcintosh, Albert J. Burky

Biology Faculty Publications

In this study, we documented cascade climbing rates of 133 and 230 postlarvae of Lentipes concolor (O‘opu alamo‘o) and Atyoida bisulcata (Opae kahaole), respectively, from two streams on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Climbing measurements and observations were made of postlarvae at the water-substrate interface in cascade habitats of constricted water flow. Both species were observed to move in short bursts of forward progression within or above the pulsing water-substrate interface. Goby postlarval climbing rates ranged from 0.04 – 1.50 cm s–1 and were slower than shrimp rates which ranged from 0.30 – 3.06 cm s–1. The high variability is …

Mechanism For Membrane Electroporation Irreversibility Under High-Intensity, Ultrashort Electrical Pulse Conditions, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach

Bioelectrics Publications

An improved electroporation model is used to address membrane irreversibility under ultrashort electric pulse conditions. It is shown that membranes can survive a strong electric pulse and recover provided the pore distribution has a relatively large spread. If, however, the population consists predominantly of larger radii pores, then irreversibility can result. Physically, such a distribution could arise if pores at adjacent sites coalesce. The requirement of close proximity among the pore sites is more easily satisfied in smaller organelles than in outer cell membranes. Model predictions are in keeping with recent observations of cell damage to intracellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria), …

A Field Study Of The Northern Leopard Frog (Rana Pipiens) In The Potholes Reservoir Area, Washington, Heather Maranda Simmons

All Master's Theses

Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) were studied in the Potholes Reservoir area in eastern Washington, which is a unique and dynamic system of ponds. The filling and drying cycles of the reservoir cause seasonal fluctuation on pond depth. My goal was to find frogs and document their use of these ponds. I conducted surveys of R. pipiens from April - September 2002.

I caught 178 R. pipiens adults and subadults throughout my field season, gathering weight and length data. I found two groups of egg masses in April, and noted their size, location and point of attachment. Findings were similar …

Subjective, Cultural, And Natural Ecology, Ursula Goodenough

Biology Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Girdling, Ga3 Applications And Additional Nutrient Applications On Fruit Yield, Fruit Set And Fruit Size In The Clementine Mandarin, Turgut Yeşi̇loğlu, Ebru Cücü Açikalin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In small fruit species, like the mandarin, fruit size is lower in Turkey than in other countries and this has a negative effect on their marketing. There are problems with fruit yield and size in the Clementine mandarin, which is a commonly grown mandarin cultivar in Turkey. To solve these problems, various studies have been carried out. Girdling is one of the methods studied and it had positive effects on fruit yield and size without lowering the fruit quality. However, fruit yield and fruit size were reduced to previous levels if the treatment was repeated over a long period. In …

The Effect Of Tobacco Waste Application On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Alkaline Soils, Kenan Kiliç, Kadi̇r Saltali, A. Kadi̇r Sürücü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to (i) determine the effect of tobacco waste application on the soil structure stability (SS), hydraulic conductivity (HC), bulk density, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and electrolyte concentration of alkaline soils, and (ii) observe the possibility of using tobacco waste for the reclamation of alkaline soils. The study was designed in randomized complete blocks with three replications and tobacco waste was applied at a rate of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.0 ton/ha to each block. The hydraulic conductivity and structure stability of the alkaline soils studied were substantially improved with increased rates of tobacco …

Research On The Determination Of The Socio-Economic Factors Affecting The Farmers' Behaviour In Adopting Land Consolidation Implemented In Güzelbeyli Town In Zile County, Tokat Province, Nuray Kizilaslan, Sevi̇lay Almus

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the farmers' adoption behaviour in adopting land consolidation implemented in Güzelbeyli town in Zile county, Tokat province. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine whether a difference existed between the farmers who adopted and did not adopt the land consolidation. The results of the analysis indicated that there were some factors affecting the adoption of land consolidation such as farmers' social participation level and their level of awareness about land consolidation. This result may show that the participation of farmers in different activities increases parallel to an expansion in …

Quantitative Determination Of Alkyl Ketene Dimer (Akd) Retention In Paper Made On A Pilot Paper Machine, Ari̇f Karademi̇r

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

There have been some problems reported associated with the use of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in alkali papermaking. Excessive use of size emulsion, poor size performance when filler used, problems with back water contamination, poor retention, and formation of pitch deposits on machinery are some of the problems experienced during papermaking operations. In addition, paper containing AKD is reported to lose its resistance, over time against liquid penetration and tends to become slippery. Therefore, in this study, the retention and reaction mechanisms of AKD internal sizing agent in a paper matrix were investigated by capillary gas chromatography (GC) in an …

Comparison Of Erosion And Runoff Predicted By Wepp And Agnps Models Using A Geographic Information System, Hali̇l Kirnak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and the Agricultural Non-Point-Source Pollution Model (AGNPS) were used in conjunction with a geographic information system (GIS) database to predict runoff and sediment discharges for Rock Creek watershed, an agricultural watershed in Ohio, USA. Observed and predicted values were compared for selected storm events in 1988 and 1990. The statistical evaluation of the WEPP and AGNPS models showed that WEPP predicted average runoff, peak runoff and sediment yield better than AGNPS. WEPP and AGNPS overpredicted peak runoff rates compared to observed data by 15.5% and 26.5%, respectively. The t-test showed that there was …

Additive Main Effects And Multiplicative Interactions Analysis Of Yield Performances In Bread Wheat Genotypes Across Environments, Yüksel Kaya, Çeti̇n Palta, Seyfi̇ Taner

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the yield performances of 20 bread wheat genotypes across six environments in Central Anatolia, Turkey, in the 2000-2001 growing season. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions analysis (AMMI) indicated that the yield performances of genotypes were under the major environmental effects of genotype by environmental interactions. The first two principal component axes (PCA 1 and 2) were significant (p < 0.01) and cumulatively contributed to 78.64% of the total genotype by environment interaction. A biplot generated using genotypic and environmental scores of the first two AMMI components also showed that genotypes with larger PCA 1 and lower PCA 2 scores gave high yields (stable genotypes), and genotypes with lower PCA 1 and larger PCA 2 scores had low yields (unstable genotypes), as in the sites tested.

Seasonal Carbohydrate Changes Of The Bark Tissues Of Hazelnut Cultivars Grown In The East And West Black Sea Region, Yeşi̇m Okay, A. İlhami̇ Köksal, Nevzat Artik

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The seasonal changes in total carbohydrate, fructose, glucose and sucrose levels of bark tissues of the Tombul, Palaz, Kalınkara, Çakıldak and Sivri cultivars grown in the East and West Black Sea regions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As with other fruit species, carbohydrate levels decreased from the end of spring to summer, showed steady changes with low values in summer and increased starting in the middle of fall until winter. Despite a general tendency of decline during spring, the carbohydrate and soluble sugar contents of Sivri increased in the Düzce region in April. Annual changes in carbohydrates …

Botrytis In Wine Grapes In Western Australia, Diana Fisher, Colin Gordon, Peter Wood

Bulletins 4000 -

Botrytis, causal agent Botrytis cinerea, is a fungal disease of grapevines that is commonly referred to as Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould. Botrytis is most prevalent where warm, wet conditions are frequent, but symptoms can occur in cool, wet weather and high humidity. All grape varieties are susceptible. Varieties most at risk are those with berries that are thin-skinned and/or have tight bunches.

Some white wine grape varieties infected with Botrytis may decay, in certain conditions to produce noble rot . Wine produced from these infected bunches produce unique aromatic characters with high residual sugar and are …

Fertigation Of Vegetables In Western Australia, J Burt

Bulletins 4000 -

Fertigation is the technique of using soluble fertilisers to supply essential nutrients to vegetables through sprinkler or trickle irrigation systems, or by means of a boom spray. It is ideally suited to most horticultural areas in Western Australia, especially the sandy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain that have a poor capacity to retain nutrients.

Before and after planting, nutrients are often applied to vegetables on soils of the Swan Coastal Plain by applications of poultry manure* or solid fertilisers. After planting, fertigation is a safe and effective method of applying top-dressings of nutrients to crops, especially after the rows …