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2000

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Articles 211 - 240 of 2418

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Comparison Of Standard And Modified Soft Catch Traps For Capturing Coyotes, Bobcats, And Raccoons, Jan F. Kamler, Chad Richardson, Philip S. Gipson Oct 2000

Comparison Of Standard And Modified Soft Catch Traps For Capturing Coyotes, Bobcats, And Raccoons, Jan F. Kamler, Chad Richardson, Philip S. Gipson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Capture rates and injury rates of coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and raccoons (Procyon lotor) captured in standard No. 3 Soft Catch® traps were compared to those captured in the same trap type modified with the Taos Lightening Spring™ (TLS) double torsion spring. All traps were equipped with Paws-I-Trip™ pan tension devices and were successful in excluding most small non target species. We captured 15 coyotes and 17 bobcats from October 1995 to March 1997. In addition, 23 raccoons, a large non target species, were captured. Capture rates for coyotes were higher (P < 0.10) in TLS modified traps (92%) than standard traps (27%), whereas capture rates were similar (P > 0.10) for raccoons (85% and 67%, …

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Aversive And Disruptive Stimulus Applications For Managing Predation, John A. Shivik, Daniel J. Martin Oct 2000

Aversive And Disruptive Stimulus Applications For Managing Predation, John A. Shivik, Daniel J. Martin

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The range expansion and reintroduction of mammalian predators (e.g., wolves , coyotes and bears) coupled with growing disfavor for traditional tools of wildlife management creates an immediate need for alternative, non-lethal, but effective techniques for managing predation on livestock. Scientists at the National Wildlife Research Center are using advanced technology and animal behavior concepts (e.g., aversive and disruptive stimuli) to develop new tools for the prevention of damage by large mammalian predators, and this paper is a review of our pilot studies investigating these techniques. Recently tested tools include behavior contingent disruptive stimulus devices for wolves and coyotes. Experiments indicate …

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Urban Crow Roosts - A Nationwide Phenomenon?, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon, Gary D. Simmons, Bob Barkhouse, Mark P. Quisenberry Oct 2000

Urban Crow Roosts - A Nationwide Phenomenon?, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon, Gary D. Simmons, Bob Barkhouse, Mark P. Quisenberry

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We conducted surveys of federal officials nationwide and of local officials in California to determine historical and temporal aspects, location, size, and control of American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) urban roosts. The national survey consisted of a 2-page questionnaire sent via email to United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services state directors representing the lower 48 states. The California survey consisted of a 3-page questionnaire mailed by the League of California Cities to 473 towns and cities and an email inquiry sent to Agriculture Commissioners in 29 counties. In the national survey respondents in 27 of 39 states identified 86 urban …

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A Private Lands Approach To Controlling New Jersey's Deer Population, David Drake Oct 2000

A Private Lands Approach To Controlling New Jersey's Deer Population, David Drake

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In New Jersey, annual losses from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virgianianus) depredation to agricultural crops have been estimated as high as $10 million. Additional problems caused by the state's overabundance of deer include increasing vehicle/deer collisions, possible human health concerns regarding increasing incidences of Lyme disease, and a loss of flora and fauna diversity. In an effort to reduce deer numbers and minimize damage, both non-lethal and lethal management practices have been used with limited success. Hunter access to private lands remains the biggest impediment to effective deer management in New Jersey. I propose an incentive-based program to increase lease and …

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Overabundant Deer: Better Management Through Research, Dwayne R. Etter, Timothy R. Van Deelen, Daniel R. Ludwig, Karmen M. Hollis, James E. Chelsvig, Richard E. Warner Oct 2000

Overabundant Deer: Better Management Through Research, Dwayne R. Etter, Timothy R. Van Deelen, Daniel R. Ludwig, Karmen M. Hollis, James E. Chelsvig, Richard E. Warner

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Overabundance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) continues to challenge wildlife professionals nationwide, especially in urban settings. Moreover, wildlife managers often lack general site-specific information on deer movements, survival, and reproduction that are critical for management planning. We conducted radio-telemetry research concurrent with deer culling in forest preserves in northeastern Illinois and used empirical data to construct predictive population models. We culled 2,826 deer from 16 forest preserves in DuPage County (1992-1999) including 1,736 from the 10 km2 Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve. We also radio-marked 129 deer from 8 preserves in DuPage and adjacent Cook County (1994-1998). Recruitment was inversely associated …

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Double-Crested Cormorant Satellite Telemetry: Preliminary Insight, Scott J. Werner, D. Tommy King, David E. Wooten Oct 2000

Double-Crested Cormorant Satellite Telemetry: Preliminary Insight, Scott J. Werner, D. Tommy King, David E. Wooten

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Migratory paths of North American waterbirds have traditionally been evaluated by relocating birds banded as nestlings. Although over 8,000 banded Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) have been recovered in North America since 1923, the movements of wintering and breeding cormorants remain poorly understood. We initiated a satellite telemetry study to determine the annual and regional distributions of 25 cormorants (in each of two study years) captured near primary aquaculture areas in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Preliminary data suggest that cormorants generally remained near aquaculture facilities where they were captured, marked, and released. Two cormorants, however, emigrated from primary aquaculture areas …

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Spatial Movements In Response To Baiting Female White-Tailed Deer, Scott C. Williams, Anthony J. Denicola Oct 2000

Spatial Movements In Response To Baiting Female White-Tailed Deer, Scott C. Williams, Anthony J. Denicola

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

A better understanding of the manipulation of white-tailed deer movement patterns in response to bait has implications for future management of increasing suburban herds. We gathered radio telemetry data for 10 female and 1 male deer over a 1-year period with artificial feeding stations activated in spring and fall. Data were triangulated in the computer program Topo!, transferred into home range program CALHOME, and imported into ArcView for analysis. Mean annual home range size was 57.7 ha with mean core area of 8.4 ha. Spatial changes in behavior of all deer were witnessed in response to bait including core area …

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Conditioning And Habituation Of White-Tailed Deer To Two Common Deterrents, George R. Gallagher, Jennifer L. Peacock, Elizabeth P. Garner, Robert H. Prince Oct 2000

Conditioning And Habituation Of White-Tailed Deer To Two Common Deterrents, George R. Gallagher, Jennifer L. Peacock, Elizabeth P. Garner, Robert H. Prince

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

It was hypothesized white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) could be readily conditioned to 2 commonly used deterrents, Deer-Away® Big Game Repellent (BGR) and blood meal (BM). Plots were randomly assigned BGR, BM and control. Free-ranging deer were initially conditioned to forage for corn at each 49m 2 bare earth plots delivered at 0500 hr and 1600 hr by programmable siing-type feeders. Hoof prints were counted within a 3.7m 2 sample area of each plot to quantify activity. Following preconditioning, data were collected during 5, 5-day periods. Application of BGR and BM to their respective bare earth plots occurred during periods 2, …

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Landowners' Perceptions Of White-Tailed Deer Damage To Crops In Tennessee, Dawn L. Johnson, J. Mark Fly, Lisa I. Muller Oct 2000

Landowners' Perceptions Of White-Tailed Deer Damage To Crops In Tennessee, Dawn L. Johnson, J. Mark Fly, Lisa I. Muller

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We conducted a mail survey to determine Tennessee landowners' perceptions of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage to crops, their tolerance for damage and the effectiveness of damage control methods. Fifty-five percent of landowners had wildlife damage and 47% had deer damage. The majority had light or moderate damage. The majority of participants who had taken measures to prevent damage used hunting. State-issued depredation permits were rated the most effective method of controlling damage. Although most survey participants did not have substantial deer damage, landowners with serious deer damage problems may need further assistance.

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Communicating About Suburban Deer Management: Tailoring The Message To The Stakeholders, T. Bruce Lauber, Barbara A. Knuth Oct 2000

Communicating About Suburban Deer Management: Tailoring The Message To The Stakeholders, T. Bruce Lauber, Barbara A. Knuth

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Public input plays an important role in selecting suburban deer management alternatives. Agencies often communicate with the public to ensure that citizens have accurate information when judging management alternatives. Research has shown that suburban residents evaluate deer management alternatives on the basis of different sets of criteria (e.g., effectiveness, humaneness, etc.). We explored whether people's attitudes were more likely to be influenced by information if it addressed the criteria about which they were concerned. We conducted our research through two mail surveys of randomly selected residents of Irondequoit, New York, implemented 20 months apart. Some 512 people responded to both …

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The Islip Deer Initiative: A Strategy For Stakeholder Involvement In Deer Management, William F. Siemer, Daniel J. Decker, Mark D. Lowery, James E. Shanahan Oct 2000

The Islip Deer Initiative: A Strategy For Stakeholder Involvement In Deer Management, William F. Siemer, Daniel J. Decker, Mark D. Lowery, James E. Shanahan

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Effective stakeholder involvement is among the greatest challenges in wildlife management. In this paper, we describe an effort called the Islip Deer Initiative (IDI) to illustrate one approach that wildlife management professionals can take to design a stakeholder involvement strategy. We used a four-step procedure proposed by Chase et al. (1999) as a general guideline for process design. The procedure involves: (1) developing an understanding of the local situation (i.e., preliminary situation analysis); (2) defining the wildlife agency's objectives for stakeholder involvement; (3) selecting an overarching stakeholder involvement approach; and (4) designing context-specific stakeholder involvement strategies. In this case, preliminary …

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Bird Damage To Tropical Fruit In South Florida, Eric A. Tillman, Annamaria Van Doorn, Michael L. Avery Oct 2000

Bird Damage To Tropical Fruit In South Florida, Eric A. Tillman, Annamaria Van Doorn, Michael L. Avery

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In Dade County, Florida, the production of tropical fruit is a major component of the agricultural industry with total sales amounting to $73.5 million in the 1997-1998 season. Two types of fruit in particular, lychee (Litchi chinensis) and longan (Euphoria longana), are rapidly emerging in economic importance with a combined annual value of over $19 million. For many lychee and longan growers, bird damage is perceived to be a significant constraint to production, yet there is no published information on the extent of damage caused by birds. In 1999, we initiated research to identify the bird species responsible for longan …

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Radio-Telemetry And Geographical Information Systems To Assess Urban Deer Zoonoses, Karmen M. Hollis, Christopher L. Anchor, James E. Chelsvig, Dwayne R. Etter, J. P. Dubey, Richard E. Warner, Laura L. Hungerford Oct 2000

Radio-Telemetry And Geographical Information Systems To Assess Urban Deer Zoonoses, Karmen M. Hollis, Christopher L. Anchor, James E. Chelsvig, Dwayne R. Etter, J. P. Dubey, Richard E. Warner, Laura L. Hungerford

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Urban white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations can influence the epidemiology of many zoonotic diseases because they affect the distribution and abundance of pathogens and vectors. The risk of emerging zoonotic pathogens increases with human populations, as people have closer contact with wildlife in urban environments. We used radio-telemetry to study deer behavior and population dynamics in Chicago, IL. We monitored home-range use and habitat patterns for 43 radio-collared deer from 2 study sites, 1995-1999. Deer serology was conducted to test for various zoonotic diseases, such as babesiosis, encephalitis, and toxoplasmosis for 12 study locations. To analyze potential disease exposures for …

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Turkey Damage Survey: A Wildlife Success Story Becoming Another Wildlife Damage Problem, James E. Miller, Brian C. Tefft, Robert E. Eriksen, Mike Gregonis Oct 2000

Turkey Damage Survey: A Wildlife Success Story Becoming Another Wildlife Damage Problem, James E. Miller, Brian C. Tefft, Robert E. Eriksen, Mike Gregonis

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations have been restored and enhanced through introductions and reintroductions in 49 of the 50 states to huntable populations within the last 30 years. Populations are presently estimated to exceed 4 million birds within the United States. In many states, wild turkey habitat includes woodlots interspersed with agricultural lands, and some of the highest known population densities of wild turkeys are found in such areas. This paper will report on existing research, examining perceived versus actual damage caused by wild turkeys. It will also provide information based on a recent survey of biologists from the State …

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Seven Years Of White-Tailed Deer Immunocontraceptive Research At Penn State University: A Comparison Of Two Vaccines, Lowell A. Miller, Gary J. Killian Oct 2000

Seven Years Of White-Tailed Deer Immunocontraceptive Research At Penn State University: A Comparison Of Two Vaccines, Lowell A. Miller, Gary J. Killian

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

PZP and GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccines were each tested in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) . Vaccination with PZP produced reversible infertility lasting 1 to 4 years. The first two years of active immunization resulted in an 89% reduction in fawning. Reduction in fawning for the 7-year study containing 4 years of no boosting was 72%. PZP immunization resulted in multi-estrus behavior, with contracepted deer returning to estrus up to 7 times. A five year study of GnRH immunization was conducted in both male and female deer. Treatment of does led to reduced fawning rates, reduced estrus behavior and reduced concentrations of …

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Evaluations Of Nicarbazin-Treated Pellets For Reducing The Laying And Viability Of Canada Goose Eggs, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Pipas, Kenneth L. Tope Oct 2000

Evaluations Of Nicarbazin-Treated Pellets For Reducing The Laying And Viability Of Canada Goose Eggs, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Pipas, Kenneth L. Tope

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The number of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) nesting in the United States is increasing rapidly, generating more complaints and problems associated with them. Overabundant geese can be a nuisance, threaten human health and safety, and cause damage to property. Nicarbazin (NCZ), a coccidiostat used in chicken production, has been documented to reduce egg production and viability. The reduction of reproduction through the use of NCZ could be a valuable aspect of an overall integrated goose management plan. We conducted studies at 5 sites in Nebraska in spring 2000 to evaluate the efficacy of NCZ-treated pellets for reducing the laying and …

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Resolving Conflicts With Canada Geese: An Animal Welfare Perspective, John Hadidian, Michele Childs, Nancy Perry, Patricia Lane Oct 2000

Resolving Conflicts With Canada Geese: An Animal Welfare Perspective, John Hadidian, Michele Childs, Nancy Perry, Patricia Lane

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The scope and significance of human conflicts with urban and suburban Canada goose populations has been growing rapidly since the mid 1980s. A lack of basic understanding about the biology and ecology of locally abundant goose populations has led, in part, to argument between opposing camps over the appropriate approaches and methodologies to resolve human-goose conflicts. Animal welfare interests have focused on the humaneness of roundup and slaughter programs, and advocated non-lethal approaches coupled with what they view as the more benign population control activity of egg addling. Some traditional wildlife managers have argued that nonlethal approaches have been tried …

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Den Site Selection And Movement Patterns Of Female Raccoons Following Removal And Exclusion From Residences, Anthony J. Denicola, Michael A. O'Donnell Oct 2000

Den Site Selection And Movement Patterns Of Female Raccoons Following Removal And Exclusion From Residences, Anthony J. Denicola, Michael A. O'Donnell

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are one of many wildlife species that have adapted to survive in urban/suburban environments. Classified as a rabies vector species in many eastern states, their disposition after being handled by wildlife specialists is often dictated by this human health concern. Specifically, some states prohibit relocation and mandate that raccoons be released on site or euthanized. Although management using nonlethal means is often preferred by some segments of the human population, several questions remain to be addressed before appropriate agency policies regarding the handling of urban wildlife can be determined. There is little information available regarding the fate …

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Wildlife Damage In The Suburbs: Conflicts In A Human-Wildlife Landscape, Rebecca Field Oct 2000

Wildlife Damage In The Suburbs: Conflicts In A Human-Wildlife Landscape, Rebecca Field

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The sprawling communities surrounding cities pose a paradox for wildlife. Suburban habitat, with parks, greenways, and planned open spaces, provide attractive habitat with abundant resources for some wildlife species. Yet the landscape is dominated by human activities and disturbances. Species with little tolerance for human disturbance and habitat changes have difficulty maintaining their populations in suburban environments. Yet more adaptable species flourish in suburban areas where there are less predators, increased food resources, and abundant habitat for cover and raising young. The resulting overabundant wildlife populations pose increasing problems for biologists, wildlife damage practitioners, and the public. Management of urban …

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Empowering Local Communities To Co-Manage Deer, William F. Siemer, Daniel J. Decker, Lisa C. Chase Oct 2000

Empowering Local Communities To Co-Manage Deer, William F. Siemer, Daniel J. Decker, Lisa C. Chase

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Co-management of white-tailed deer (Odocolius virginianus) holds the promise of creating better management programs in many situations, but agencies may be reluctant to encourage co-management if they doubt the capacity of a community to take on management responsibilities, especially on a continuing basis. In Cayuga Heights, New York, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation worked with Cornell University and Cornell Cooperative Extension to help a community organization create informed public dialogue about local deer management. Using a consensus-building conceptual framework, we analyzed the planning process that created this dialogue. Process participants believed that use of a third party …

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Effectiveness Of Anise As A Coyote Lure, Coren P. Jagnow, Russ Mason Oct 2000

Effectiveness Of Anise As A Coyote Lure, Coren P. Jagnow, Russ Mason

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Odors are frequently used to attract coyotes (Canis latrans) to control devices. Coyote oIfactory perception is vital to effectively manage depredation of Iivestock by coyotes because of the importance of volatile cues to this species. Lures are usually chosen to reflect the biological needs of coyotes as well as relying on food-seeking behaviors to elicit attraction. Anise (Illicum verum) was chosen as the stimulus because of its attractiveness to dogs and its common use as an ingredient in animal foods. Plants comprise a large part of coyotes' diets during warm weather; therefore, a plant odor was chosen to find an …

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Efforts To Enhance Stakeholder Communications In North Carolina's Wildlife Damage Control Agent System, Peter T. Bromley, Carl W. Betsill Oct 2000

Efforts To Enhance Stakeholder Communications In North Carolina's Wildlife Damage Control Agent System, Peter T. Bromley, Carl W. Betsill

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In 1995, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) established policy and rules for handling of nuisance wildlife by Wildlife Damage Control Agents (WDCA). The policy required a one-day long training session, culminating in an open book, certification examination. The North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service (NCCES) conducted the training and administered the examination. The certification-training program covered principles of wildlife damage management, wildlife laws and regulations, humane handling of animals and euthanasia, human health risks from exposure to wildlife, professional ethics, and sources of technical information. Between October 1995 and March 2000, 7 certification-training sessions were held and 289 WDCA's were …

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Survey Of Factors Affecting The Success Of Clemson Beaver Pond Levelers Installed In Mississippi By Wildlife Services, Dale L. Nolte, Seth R. Swafford, Charles A. Sloan Oct 2000

Survey Of Factors Affecting The Success Of Clemson Beaver Pond Levelers Installed In Mississippi By Wildlife Services, Dale L. Nolte, Seth R. Swafford, Charles A. Sloan

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Clemson beaver pond levelers were developed as a tool to enable land managers to manipulate water flow past beaver (Castor canadensis) dams. Wildlife Services has installed several of these devices in collaboration with landowners. We conducted a survey to determine if we could identify factors that impacted whether the devices were meeting landowner objectives. Fifty percent of the 40 levelers surveyed were still operating and regarded as successful. Factors considered in the survey included management objectives, time since the leveler was installed, watershed characteristics, physical attributes of the stream and of the beaver dam where the leveler was installed, and …

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History And Future Of Wildlife Damage Management Conference, Daniel J. Decker Oct 2000

History And Future Of Wildlife Damage Management Conference, Daniel J. Decker

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The Eastern Wildlife Damage Management (EWDM) Conference was developed (1st conference held in 1983) to focus on people-wildlife interaction issues occurring in the eastern U.S. Developed as a Renewable Resources Extension Act activity, the purpose of the conference was to improve wildlife resource management and increase outputs of agricultural and forestry commodities. A primary planning issue for the 1st EWDM Conference was whether to represent the conference focus as wildlife damage "control" or "management." Control was selected initially, but the title evolved since then to be replaced by "management," reflecting the central role of wildlife conflict mitigation in wildlife management. …

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A Comparison Of Grass Covers And Meadow Vole Populations In North Carolina, William T. Sullivan, John G. Vandenbergh Oct 2000

A Comparison Of Grass Covers And Meadow Vole Populations In North Carolina, William T. Sullivan, John G. Vandenbergh

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) populations were monitored in an experimental field for three years by mark and recapture in western North Carolina. The field was planted with 3 different species of grasses: Ky 31 fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), blue grass (Paa protensis L.), and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Voles were free to range from grass to grass due to adjacent plots in the design. Vole populations were highest in Ky 31 and blue grass, and lowest in creeping red fescue. Meadow voles strongly preferred Ky 31 fescue, a grass with high moisture content and a growth pattern compatible …

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Evaluating Norway Rat Response To Attractant And Repellent Odors To Improve Rodenticide Baiting Effectiveness, Stephen A. Shumake, A. A. Hakim Oct 2000

Evaluating Norway Rat Response To Attractant And Repellent Odors To Improve Rodenticide Baiting Effectiveness, Stephen A. Shumake, A. A. Hakim

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Control of rodent infestations using acute-rodenticide baiting is frequently fraught with difficulties involving bait-shyness and neophobic effects. To simulate some of the parameters encountered in baiting situations, pre-weighed quantities of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard challenge bait mixture were used as a highly palatable bait base to induce feeding without the need for food deprivation in Wistar-strain laboratory albino rats. Individual animals were tested for attractant effects of 3 odors (rat urine, preputial gland extract, and carbon disulfide) and a natural repellent odor (coyote urine) in an observation area constructed of clear plastic panels containing a central alley and 2 …

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Gis Use In Oral Rabies Vaccine Programs, Patricia R. Bright, Elizabeth Schmidt, Francois Elvinger, Michelle M. Weisbarth, R. F. Bulley, Cynthia L. Mills Oct 2000

Gis Use In Oral Rabies Vaccine Programs, Patricia R. Bright, Elizabeth Schmidt, Francois Elvinger, Michelle M. Weisbarth, R. F. Bulley, Cynthia L. Mills

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Frequent human and domestic animal exposures to rabid wildlife have raised the public's awareness, leading to an increase in the number of wildlife submissions for rabies testing as well as an increase in the number of people requiring post exposure prophylaxis treatment. During 1998 and 1999, the Health and Human Services Department of a densely populated urban/suburban county in Virginia received a total of 955 animal submissions for rabies testing. Wildlife accounted for 714 of the submissions. Seventy-nine of the submitted wildlife were found dead, 445 were killed or euthanized for testing (190 unknown). Of the wildlife submissions,152 (21%) were …

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Rejex-It Bird Repellents - Mode Of Action, Peter F. Vogt Oct 2000

Rejex-It Bird Repellents - Mode Of Action, Peter F. Vogt

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Rejex-it® bird repellents are used to repel birds and reduce bird predation. Rejex- it® represents a long-needed, logical alternative to inhumane bird control methods such as poisoning and shooting. Its effectiveness as a nuisance bird repellant is based on a common, naturally-occurring, component of food that has been designated by the FDA as a "generally recognized as safe" food and fragrance additive. Methyl Anthranilate (MA), the active ingredient in Rejex-it® Bird Repellents, acts as a sensory repellent by irritating the bird's taste buds, skin, and trigeminal chemoreceptors in the beaks, gizzards, eyes, and mucous membranes. Irritation occurs as a result …

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Field Evaluation Of A Visual Barrier To Discourage Gull Nesting, Patricia A. Pochop, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman Oct 2000

Field Evaluation Of A Visual Barrier To Discourage Gull Nesting, Patricia A. Pochop, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Expanding gull populations along the Columbia River have been implicated in depredations to threatened and endangered migrating salmon smolt, depredations to agriculture crops, bird-aircraft strike hazards, nuisance problems, and potential threats to public health. In an effort to develop management methods for controlling gull populations, we tested a visual barrier to discourage gulls from nesting on an island in the Columbia River. The barrier material is a woven black polypropylene fabric that we utilized to take advantage of the gulls' innate predator avoidance mechanisms, by removing their line of sight to approaching terrestrial predators while providing no protection from aerial …

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Investigations Of Methods To Reduce Damage By Voles, Gary W. Witmer, A. A. Hakim, Brian W. Moser Oct 2000

Investigations Of Methods To Reduce Damage By Voles, Gary W. Witmer, A. A. Hakim, Brian W. Moser

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Voles (Microtus spp.), small burrowing rodents, range over much of North America. Populations cycle and achieve peak densities every 3-5 years. This can result in severe damage to various resources: orchards, forest plantings, alfalfa and other crops, ornamentals, lawns, and gardens. A variety of methods are used to reduce vole damage, but there is still a need for new, cost effective, and environmentally benign approaches. We investigated numerous candidate repellents and barriers with indoor vole colonies in soil-filled tanks. Several compounds (blood meal, capsaicin, castor oil, coyote urine, quebracho, and thiram) showed promise as repellents, but only at high concentrations. …

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