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Rising Above The Herd - An Analysis Of The Western Australian Beef & Cattle Industry (Executive Summary Document), Andrew Quinn, Ashley Manners

Animal production and livestock published reports

This report has been produced at the request of the Agriculture Western Australia, Meat Program Partnership Group. The intention of the report is to set out a number of priority areas for concentrated Agency and industry attention to assist with the development of the Western Australian beef and cattle industry.

• Global per capita consumption of beef is currently flat to slowly reducing, with total consumption volumes rising in line with population and wealth increases.

• Global trade in live cattle is experiencing a slow, steady increase in volumes influenced by trade factors encouraging in-country processing and finishing of cattle, and a …

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Asian Wheat Market And Food Experience For Growers : A Final Report For The Grains Research And Development Corporation Project Daw637, Ben Curtis

Research Reports

This project was designed to set up a course which would allow Australian wheat growers and their partners to get closer to the markets that buy their wheat in order to learn more about some of the quality issues that affect the end products. This form of education should assist the wheat industry to move with these changing markets to lean more about them and build some supply chain linkages. This will also help improve grower responsiveness to changing market needs and increase the production of quality wheat.

Department Of Fisheries Annual Report Highlights 1999 - 2000, Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia

Department of Fisheries Annual Reports

1999/2000 has marked a 'sea change' in fisheries management throughout Australia towards the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD). This is a dynamic concept with an evolving framework that requires a balancing of social, economic and environmental considerations.

The principles of ESD - of using, conserving and enhancing the community's resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of fisheries, now and in the future, can be increased - are vital in a state, national and international context for Fisheries WA and its clients. Having fisheries that are governed under ESD principles is …

Genetic Relationship Among Diabrotica Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Based On Rdna And Mtdna Sequences, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard L. Roehrdanz, David B. Taylor

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Corn rootworms of the genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are the most serious pest of corn in midwestern United States. Despite their economic importance, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis of five Diabrotica species and subspecies was undertaken using DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) and a portion of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I and II genes (COI/COII). Parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis indicated that southern corn rootworm is sister to banded cucumber beetle, whereas, northern corn rootworm forms a distinct clade with western and Mexican corn rootworm. ITS1 and COI/COII were …

Differentiation Of Three Phenotypically Similar Blattella Spp.: Analysis With Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Of Mitochondrial Dna, Pari Pachamuthu, Shripat T. Kamble, Thomas L. Clark, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Differentiation of Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, Blattella vaga Hebard, and Blattella germanica (L.) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). DNA fragments corresponding to mitochondrial CO1,CO1/TL2(small and large fragments), and ITS2 regions were amplified using PCR. The universal primers used for amplifying mitochondrial CO1 and CO1/TL2 (small and large fragments) were CO1-J-1718/CO1- N-2191, CO1-J-2441/TL2-N-3014, and CO1-J-1751/TL2-N-3014. Amplification was observed with all primer combinations, but diagnostic patterns were found only with AluI digested amplicons of CO1 and CO1/TL2 (large fragments) regions. Both inter/intraspecific polymorphism was observed for the 517 bp CO1 region between German (A, B) and Asian …

Strepsipteran Parasitism Of White Leafhoppers, Cofana Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) In Lowland Rice In Côte D’Ivoire, I. O. Oyediran, A. Ndongidila, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Three tests were conducted over a 2-year period in lowland irrigated rice fields on the WARDA Research Station at Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, to obtain information on the strepsipteran parasitism of white leafhoppers, Cofana spectra and C. unimaculata. Rice cultivars were sampled with a sweep net to collect leafhoppers for determination of the relative abundance of the two leafhopper species and the effect of rice cultivar and rice crop age on the leafhopper populations and percent strepsipteran parasitism. Dissections of the leafhoppers were made to determine the relative number of the various parasitic stages in the leafhoppers. Cofana unimaculata populations …

Prolonged Winter Undernutrition And The Interpretation Of Urinary Allantoin:Creatinine Ratios In White-Tailed Deer, Glenn D. Delgiudice, Ken D. Kerr, L. David Mech, Ulysses S. Seal

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The urinary allantoin:creatinine (A:C) ratio (expressed in micromoles of allantoin to micromoles of creatinine) has shown potential as an index of recent winter energy intake in preliminary controlled studies of elk (Cervus elaphus) involving mild condition deterioration (up to 11% loss of body mass). To ensure reliable nutritional assessments of free-ranging cervids by measuring A:C ratios of urine in snow, it is essential to extend this work. We assessed the effect of moderate and severe winter nutritional restriction on urinary A:C ratios of captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that lost up to 32% body mass and …

The Role Of Chitinase Production By Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strain C3 In Biological Control Of Bipolaris Sorokiniana, Zhongge Zhang, Gary Y. Yuen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The role of chitinase production by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain C3 in biological control of leaf spot on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The filtrate of a broth culture of C3, with chitin as the carbon source, was separated into fractions. A high molecular-weight fraction (>8 kDa) was chitinolytic and more inhibitory than a low-molecularweight, nonchitinolytic fraction to conidial germination and hyphal growth by B. sorokiniana and to leaf spot development. A protein fraction derived by ammonium sulfate precipitation and a chitinase fraction purified by chitin affinity …

Soybean Cyst Nematode Reproduction In The North Central United States, J. Wang, P. A. Donald, T. L. Niblack, G. W. Bird, J. Faghihi, J. M. Ferris, C. Grau, D. J. Jardine, P. E. Lipps, A. E. Macguidwin, H. Melakeberhan, G. R. Noel, P. Pierson, P. M. Riedel, P. R. Sellers, W. C. Stienstra, T. C. Todd, G. L. Tylka, T. A. Wheeler, D. S. Wysong

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

An experiment was conducted in Heterodera glycines–infested fields in 40 north central U.S. environments (21 sites in 1994 and 19 sites in 1995) to assess reproduction of this nematode. Two resistant and two susceptible soybean cultivars from each of the maturity groups (MG) I through IV were grown at each site in 6.1 m by 4 row plots. Soil samples were collected from each plot at planting and harvest and processed at Iowa State University to determine H. glycines initial (Pi) and final (Pf) population densities as eggs per 100 cm3 of soil. Overall, reproduction (Pf/Pi) of H. glycines …

Isovolumic Regulation In Nervous Tissue: A Novel Mechanism Of Cell Volume Regulation, O. Quesada, R. Franco, K. Hernandez-Fonseca, K. Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cell volume regulation is a property present in most animal cell lineages that allows them to recover their original volume after events of swelling or shrinkage. Such events can be caused by changes in external osmolarity or to osmotic gradients generated during normal cell functioning.4,6 The mechanism of cell volume regulation involves transmembrane fluxes of osmotically active solutes in the necessary direction to counteract the net gain or loss of intracellular water.9 The process through which cells recover their normal volume after swelling is named Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). This consists of the efflux of inorganic osmolytes, such as K …

Multiple Factors Independently Regulate Hila And Invasion Gene Expression In Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium, Robin L. Lucas, C. Phoebe Lostroh, Concetta C. Dirusso, Michael P. Spector, Barry L. Wanner, Catherine A. Lee

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

HilA activates the expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion genes. To learn more

about regulation of hilA, we isolated Tn5 mutants exhibiting reduced hilA and/or invasion gene expression. In

addition to expected mutations, we identified Tn5 insertions in pstS, fadD, flhD, flhC, and fliA. Analysis of the

pstS mutant indicates that hilA and invasion genes are repressed by the response regulator PhoB in the absence

of the Pst high-affinity inorganic phosphate uptake system. This system is required for negative control of the

PhoR-PhoB two-component regulatory system, suggesting that hilA expression may …

Two-Step Processing Of Human Frataxin By Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase, Patrizia Cavadini, Jiri Adamec, Franco Taroni, Oleksandr Gakh, Grazia Isaya

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

We showed previously that maturation of the human

frataxin precursor (p-fxn) involves two cleavages by the

mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP). This observation

was not confirmed by another group, however,

who reported only one cleavage. Here, we demonstrate

conclusively that MPP cleaves p-fxn in two sequential

steps, yielding a 18,826-Da intermediate (i-fxn) and a

17,255-Da mature (m-fxn) form, the latter corresponding

to endogenous frataxin in human tissues. The two cleavages

occur between residues 41–42 and 55–56, and both

match the MPP consensus sequence RX ↓ (X/S). Recombinant

rat and yeast MPP catalyze the pài step 4 and 40 …

Learning Improves Growth Rate In Grasshoppers, Reuven Dukas, Elizabeth A. Bernays

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

To quantify the adaptive significance of insect learning, we documented the behavior and growth rate of grasshoppers (Schistocerca americana) in an environment containing two artificial food types, one providing a balanced diet of protein and carbohydrate, which maximizes growth, and the other being carbohydratedeficient, which is unsuitable for growth. Grasshoppers in the Learning treatment experienced a predictable environment, where the spatial location, taste, and color of each food source remained constant throughout the experiment. In contrast, grasshoppers of the Random treatment developed in a temporally varying environment, where the spatial location, taste, and color of the balanced and …

Clonal Growth Of Lithospermum Caroliniense (Boraginaceae) In Contrasting Sand Dune Habitats, Stephen G. Weller, Kathleen H. Keeler, Barbara A. Thomson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The occurrence of clonal growth of distylous Lithospermum caroliniense was investigated in a population in the Nebraska Sandhills, an area where sand dunes have been relatively stable for at least 1,500–3,000 yr, and compared to a population occurring at the Indiana Dunes, an area of active sand dune formation. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated the occurrence of significant clonal propagation of genetically based floral morphs at Arapaho Prairie, but not for the Indiana Dunes. Apparent clonal growth in the Sandhills population had no overall negative effect on pollen deposition or fecundity relative to the Indiana population, although in some large clones …

Dispersion And Site Fidelity In A Tent-Roosting Population Of The Short-Nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus Sphinx) In Southern India, Jay F. Storz, J. Balasingh, P. Thiruchenthil Nathan, K. Emmanuel, Thomas H. Kunz

Jay F. Storz Publications

Patterns of dispersion and site fidelity were investigated in a tent-roosting population of the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Megachiroptera), in southern India. A local population of C. sphinx occupied diurnal roosts in a variable subset of 45 stem tents constructed within the dense foliage of mast trees (Polyalthia longifolia). Individually marked tent-roosting bats were visually censused over the course of a 38-d interval spanning the postpartum oestrus period. On any given day, 33.3-85.7% (mean = 60.8%, SD = 14.2) of adult males roosted singly, with the remainder holding harems of 1-10 breeding females (mean = 3.01, SD …

Predicting Non-Target Ecological Effects Of Biological Control Agents: Evidence From Rhinocyllus Conicus, Svata M. Louda, A. E. Arnett

Svata M. Louda Publications

The discovery and quantification of significant non-target ecological effects of Rhinocyllus conicus on native species in the northcentral USA provides the opportunity to experimentally evaluate factors that might help predict non-target host plant use, magnitude of direct impact with transference, and indirect effects mediated by trophic interactions. The relevance for biocontrol risk assessment of at least four important ecological relationships has emerged from these studies so far. These relationships include the role played in interaction outcome and ecological risk by: 1) ecological similarity of potential host plants, as well as phylogenetic distance; 2) synchrony of critical stages between insect and …

Role Of Esterase Gp70 And Its Influence On Growth And Development Of Dictyostelium Discoideum, Aidong Yuan, Catherine P. Chia

Papers in Microbiology

Gp70 is an esterase originally called crystal protein because of its presence in crystalline structures in aggregation-competent Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Although postulated to break down spore coats, the function of gp70 in vivo was incompletely investigated. Our immunolocalization and biochemical studies of vegetative D. discoideum amoebae show that gp70 was recruited to phagosomes and found in lysosomes. Purified gp70 was effective at hydrolyzing naphthyl substrates with acyl chains typical of lipids and lipopolysaccharides, indicating that the gp70 was involved in digesting endocytosed molecules. The activity of purified gp70 was inhibited by reductants that retarded its electrophoretic mobility and verified the …

Molecular And Morphometric Evidence For Separate Species Of Uncinaria (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) In California Sea Lions And Northern Fur Seals: Hypothesis Testing Supplants Verification, Steven A. Nadler, Byron J. Adams, Eugene T. Lyons, Robert L. Delong, Sharon R. Melin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are each believed to host distinct hookworm species (Uncinaria spp.). However, a recent morphometric analysis suggested that a single species parasitizes multiple pinniped hosts, and that the observed differences are host-induced. To explore the systematics of these hookworms and test these competing hypotheses, we obtained nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (D2/D3 28S, D18/D19 28S, and internal transcribed spacer [ITS] regions) from 20 individual hookworms parasitizing California sea lion and northern fur seal pups where their breeding grounds are sympatric. Five individuals from an …

Molecular Systematics Of Mesocestoides Spp. (Cestoda: Mesocestoididae) From Domestic Dogs (Canis Familiaris) And Coyotes (Canis Latrans), Paul R. Crosbie, Steven A. Nadler, Edward G. Platzer, Cynthia Kerner, J. Mariaux, Walter M. Boyce

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The genus Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 includes tapeworms of uncertain phylogenetic affinities and with poorly defined life histories. We previously documented 11 cases of peritoneal cestodiasis in dogs (Canis familiaris L.) in western North America caused by metacestodes of Mesocestoides spp. In the current study, DNA sequences were obtained from metacestodes collected from these dogs (n = 10), as well as proglottids from dogs (n = 3) and coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823 [n = 2]), and tetrathyridia representing laboratory isolates of M. corti (n = 3), and these data were analyzed phylogenetically. Two nuclear genetic markers, 18S ribosomal …

Molecular Phylogeny Of Clade Iii Nematodes Reveals Multiple Origins Of Tissue Parasitism, Steven A. Nadler, R. A. Carreno, H. Mejía-Madrid, J. Ullberg, C. Pagan, R. Houston, Jean-Pierre Hugot

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of 113 taxa representing Ascaridida, Rhigonematida, Spirurida and Oxyurida were used to infer a more comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for representatives of ‘clade III’. The posterior probability of multiple alignment sites was used to exclude or weight characters, yielding datasets that were analysed using maximum parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Phylogenetic results were robust to differences among inference methods for most high-level taxonomic groups, but some clades were sensitive to treatments of characters reflecting differences in alignment ambiguity. Taxa representing Camallanoidea, Oxyurida, Physalopteroidea, Raphidascarididae, and Skrjabillanidae were monophyletic in all 9 analyses whereas Ascaridida, Ascarididae, Anisakidae, Cosmocercoidea, …

Elaeophorosis In Red Deer From Spain, Mónica Santín-Durán, J. M. Alunda, J. M. San Miguel, Eric P. Hoberg, C. De La Fuente

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Elaeophorosis, caused by Elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Toledo Province (Spain) for the first time. Adult specimens of Elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between October 1994 and September 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. Adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. No differences were present between sex or age groups. Parasites were not found in a limited sample from fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were negative for the presence of …

Population Trends In Furbearers In Nebraska, L. M. Landholt, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Population trends are documented from 1941 to 1997 for the 12 species of furbearing mammals harvested in Nebraska. Populations of red fox (Vulpes vulpes, raccoon (Procyon lotor), beaver (Castor canadensis), coyote (Canis lupus), and bobcat (Lynx rufus) have increased during this period. Populations of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), mink (Mustela vison), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) have decreased. Populations of mink, eastern spotted skunk, long-tailed weasel, and striped skunk may have decreased …

Biosystematics And Evolution Of The Triatominae = Biossistemática E Evolução De Triatomíneos, Christopher J. Schofield

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Abstract

In this paper we summarize the systematics of the 130 currently recognized species of Triatominae and the key features of their evolutionary background. There is increasing evidence that the subfamily has polyphyletic origins, with the various tribes and species groups probably arising from different reduviid lineages in relatively recent times.

Resumo

Neste trabalho resume-se a sistemática das 130 espécies de triatomíneos atualmente reconhecidas, com os elementos principais de sua evolução. Existem evidências crescentes para a origem polifilética da subfamília. As diferentes tribos e grupos de espécies que a compõem teriam surgido recentemente, a partir de diferentes linhagens de reduviídeos.

Recognition Of Treponematoses In Post Repatriation X Ray And Cd Rom Nebraska Record, Karl J. Reinhard, Bruce Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Larry Martin

Karl Reinhard Publications

Repatriation has compromised the opportunity to directly examine skeletons and to apply new diagnostic criteria and techniques. Pre-repatriation approaches to non-metric data acquisition, must make a number of assumptions: ( I ) Phenomena must be correctly identitied and segregated; (2) Criteria for severity must be specific to the phenomena studied; and (3) As criteria for disease rewgnition may change with time, it is valuable only as long as the raw data is also recorded. As part of data preservation, x-rays and CD-ROM images were recorded for skeletons trom Nebraska sites undergoing repatriation. This report concentrates on four of them 250K …

The Role Of Mummy Studies In Paleoparasitology, Adauto Araujo, Karl J. Reinhard, Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

Paieoparasitology has advance during the past decade to the status of a statistically based science focused on problems of disease ecology and geographic distribution of parasitism. For most of its development, paleoparasitology has focused on the analysis of coprolites and latrine sediments. During the past few years, mummies have been increasingly included in paleoparasitology studies. We evaluate in this paper the interpretive value of mummies relative to other sources of paleoparasitological data.

EI estudio de la paleoparasitologia ha logrado transformarse, en esta ultima decada, en una ciencia basada en la estadistica, enfocada a temas tales como la ecologia de enfermedades …

Paleopharmacology, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

An emerging field devoted to the exploration of the archaeological record for evidence of medicinal plants.

In the future, archaeology will have a role in pharmaceutical research. In the late twentieth century, much of the world’s pharmaceutical research has been based on ethnographic documentation of tribally recognized medicinal plants. Once the active chemical compounds in the plants are identified, they are either extracted or synthesized for commercial use. The American film Medicine Man depicts this approach. As shown in the film, such pharmacological research is threatened by declining tribal populations with loss of traditional herbal knowledge coupled with declining biodiversity. …

Phylogeny Of Calostoma, The Gelatinous-Stalked Puffball, Based On Nuclear And Mitochondrial Ribosomal Dna Sequences, Brandi D. Hughey, Gerard C. Adams, Tom D. Bruns, David S. Hibbett

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Nucleotide sequence of the nuclear small and large subunit and the mitochondrial small and large ribosomal genes of Calostoma were used to investigate evolutionary relationships with other Basidiomycetes. In separate analyses with each gene, Calostoma was placed within the Boletales and outside the clades containing most gilled mushrooms, puffballs, stalked puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, and nonboletalean Gasteromycetes. This contradicted previous taxonomic hypotheses. Calostoma was most closely related to Gyroporus, Pisolithus, and Scleroderma based on maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis of the mitochondrial large ribosomal gene database, which contained several representatives of most genera of the Boletales. In three …

A New Eimeria Sp. From The Plumbeous Central American Caecilian, Dermophis Mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) From Volcán, Tajumulco, Department Of San Marcos, Guatemala, Ingrid M. Asmundsson, Jonathan A. Campbell, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fresh fecal samples from 5 caecilians (Dermophis mexicanus) were collected and examined for coccidia in the summer of 1998. The caecilians were collected in the Department of San Marcos, Guatemala. Two of the 5 (40%) specimens of caecilians contained an Eimeria species that is described here as new. This represents the first coccidia described from a gymnophionian host. Sporulated oocysts are spheroidal to subspheroidal, 19.5 × 17.7 (16–23 × 15–21) μm, micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, and 3 (or more) polar granules are always present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 11.0 × 7.2 (10–12 × 6–9); a Stieda body …

Six New Host Records And An Updated List Of Wild Hosts For Neobenedenia Melleni (Maccallum) (Monogenea: Capsalidae), Stephen A. Bullard, George W. Benz, Robin M. Overstreet, Ernest H. Williams Jr., Jay Hemdal

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Six new host records and an updated list of wild hosts for Neobenedenia melleni (MacCallum) (Monogenea: Capsalidae) are provided. We report specimens of N. melleni from the skin of a whitefin sharksucker (Echeneis neucratoides Zuieuw [Echeneidae]) caught off Mayagüez, Puerto Rico; from the skin of a mosquitofish (Gambusia xanthosoma Greenfield [Poeciliidae)) caught in Little Salt Creek, Grand Cayman Island, British West Indies; from a freshwater immersion bath of red grouper (Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) [Serranidae] caught in the Gulf of Mexico off Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A.; from the skin of a garden eel (Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz and Eibl-Eibesfeldt) …

Syncoelium Vermilionensis Sp. N., (Hemiuroidea: Syncoeliidae) And New Records For Members Of Azygiidae, Ptychogonimidae, And Syncoeliidae Parasitizing Elasmobranchs In The Gulf Of California, Stephen S. Curran, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During July-September 1993 and May 1996, a survey of the metazoan parasites of 817 elasmobranchs from the Gulf of California, representing 42 species, was conducted at 14 sites along the western portion of the Gulf of California. Elasmobranchs were obtained from local commercial fishers. In this paper, we report all digeneans collected during the survey, excluding the gorgoderids, which will be presented in a subsequent paper. Four species from three hemiuroid families were collected, none of which was known previously from the Gulf of California. Syncoelium vermilionensis sp. n. (Syncoeliidae), a species that differs most notably from its congeners by …