Life Sciences Commons^™

Cropwatch No. 98-25, Oct. 16, 1998, Lisa Brown Jasa

Crop Watch (1994–2005)

Inside

Soybean seed quality…….216

Label web site…….216

Crop update…….216

Winter meetings set…….217

Monsanto pursues misuse…….218

New gray leaf spot…….218

Readership survey…….219

The Influence Of Loop Current Perturbations On The Formation And Evolution Of Tortugas Eddies In The Southern Straits Of Florida, Paula S. Fratantoni, Thomas N. Lee, Guillermo P. Podesta, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Large cyclonic eddies on the northern edge of the Florida Current are the dominant mesoscale features within the southern Straits of Florida. The most prominent of these features is a quasi-stationary eddy that forms near the Dry Tortugas. Our observations, compiled from 3 years of advanced very high resolution radiometer measurements in the Straits of Florida and Gulf of Mexico, demonstrate a strong relationship between the generation of anticyclonic rings from the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current and the evolution of Tortugas eddies within the southern Straits of Florida. In six cases, Tortugas eddies evolve from cyclonic frontal eddies which …

Ocean Color Chlorophyll Algorithms For Seawifs, John E. O'Reilly, Stephane Maritorena, B. Greg Mitchell, David A. Siegel, Kendall L. Carder, Sara A. Garver, Mati Kahru, Charles Mcclain

Marine Science Faculty Publications

A large data set containing coincident in situ chlorophyll and remote sensing reflectance measurements was used to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and suitability of a wide variety of ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for use by SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor). The radiance-chlorophyll data were assembled from various sources during the SeaWiFS Bio-optical Algorithm Mini-Workshop (SeaBAM) and is composed of 919 stations encompassing chlorophyll concentrations between 0.019 and 32.79 mu g L-1. Most of the observations are from Case I nonpolar waters, and similar to 20 observations are from more turbid coastal waters. A variety of statistical and graphical criteria were …

Drosophila Unpaired Encodes A Secreted Protein That Activates The Jak Signaling Pathway, Douglas A. Harrison, Patricia E. Mccoon, Richard Binari, Michael Gilman, Norbert Perrimon

Biology Faculty Publications

In vertebrates, many cytokines and growth factors have been identified as activators of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In Drosophila, JAK and STAT molecules have been isolated, but no ligands or receptors capable of activating the pathway have been described. We have characterized the unpaired (upd) gene, which displays the same distinctive embryonic mutant defects as mutations in the Drosophila JAK (hopscotch) and STAT (stat92E) genes. Upd is a secreted protein, associated with the extracellular matrix, that activates the JAK pathway. We propose that Upd is a ligand that relies on JAK signaling to stimulate transcription of pair-rule genes in a …

Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, George M. Langford, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov

Biology - All Scholarship

Axoplasmic organelles in the giant axon of the squid have been shown to move on both actin filaments and microtubules and to switch between actin filaments and microtubules during fast axonal transport. The objectives of this investigation were to identify the specific classes of axoplasmic organelles that move on actin filaments and the myosin motors involved. We developed a procedure to isolate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from extruded axoplasm and to reconstitute its movement in vitro. The isolated ER vesicles moved on exogenous actin filaments adsorbed to coverslips in an ATP-dependent manner without the addition of soluble factors. Therefore myosin was …

Some Thoughts - Farm Business Management - Fall 1998, Larry L. Bitney

Cornhusker Economics

Crop and livestock prices have been universally low for Nebraska farmers and ranchers in the last few months. There have been conversations about whether the current conditions constitute a crisis, and how it is different from the farm financial crisis of the 1980's. Regardless of the differences or similarities with the 80's, many farm and ranch families are facing drastic reductions in income. There are, of course, exceptions. In view of the current situation which most families are facing, I was recently asked to speak on the topic of “Strategies for Dealing with Low Prices.” Following is a brief summary …

Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, George M. Langford

Dartmouth Scholarship

Axoplasmic organelles in the giant axon of the squid have been shown to move on both actin filaments and microtubules and to switch between actin filaments and microtubules during fast axonal transport. The objectives of this investigation were to identify the specific classes of axoplasmic organelles that move on actin filaments and the myosin motors involved. We developed a procedure to isolate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from extruded axoplasm and to reconstitute its movement in vitro. The isolated ER vesicles moved on exogenous actin filaments adsorbed to coverslips in an ATP-dependent manner without the addition of soluble factors. Therefore myosin was …

Meeting Minutes, October 13th, 1998, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes: minutes of the 08 Sep 98 meeting.; Treasurer's Report: an accountant review the NSA accounts and that she was satisfied with their accuracy.; The NSA is over budget.; Another case of a Life Member not received his plaque.; Membership: increase in the data base came from a search of the old jump records at the Aerial Fire Depot in Missoula.; Old Business: control NSA has on the final video production in question.; Web Site is now getting 50 to 100 hits per day.; New Business: commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Mann Gulch fire.; Discussed the possibility …

Bird Use Of Riparian Vegetation Along The Truckee River, Califonia And Nevada, Suellen Lynn, Michael L. Morrison, Amy J. Kuenzi, Jennifer C. C. Neale, Benjamin N. Sacks, Robin Hamlin, Linnea S. Hall

Great Basin Naturalist

The Truckee River in California and Nevada is subject to diverse water regimes and a corresponding variety of flow rates. Original riparian vegetation has been altered by these variable flow rates and by a variety of human uses resulting in loss of native riparian vegetation from its historic extent. We conducted bird surveys along the Truckee River during spring 1993 to (1) determine relationships between birds and the present vegetation; (2) determine the importance of different vegetation types to sensitive bird species that have declined recently in the western United States due to competition from exotic plant species, cowbird ( …

Genetics Of The Interval From Weaning To Estrus In First-Litter Sows: Correlated Responses, J. Ten Napel, T. H. E. Meuwissen, R. K. Johnson, E. W. Brascamp

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate relationships between rebreeding performance and growth performance (n = 3,777 gilts) and rebreeding performance and reproductive performance (n = 2,242 sows). Our data were from a selection experiment for shorter intervals from weaning to estrus after the first parity (IWE), involving Dutch Landrace pigs, in which a selection line and a control line without selection were maintained for eight generations. Relationships were evaluated before and after transforming IWE to normal interval (NI; IWE &#; 7 d), prolonged interval (PI; IWE > 7 d), and incidence of a prolonged interval (INC). Heritabilities of NI, …

Spiranthes Cernua (L.) Rich., Robert Edgin

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Fraxinus Pennsylvanica Marsh., Robert Edgin

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

University Of Nebraska Animal Science Department Centennial Book Of Memories

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

This year marks the 1O0-year anniversary of the Department of Animal Science at the University of Nebraska. Our history is a rich one, with many achievements of our students, our research programs, and our service and outreach to the animal industries of Nebraska, the nation, and the world. With over three thousand alumni, we have an outstanding legacy in the development of animal industry leaders.

On Saturday, October 10, we will celebrate these one hundred years of achievement with several activities in Lincoln. Enclosed you will find descriptions of the program during the middle of the day, held "at home" …

Apostatic Selection By Blue Jays Produces Balanced Polymorphism In Virtual Prey, Alan B. Bond, Alan Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Apostatic selection, in which predators overlook rare prey types while consuming an excess of abundant ones, has been assumed to contribute to the maintenance of prey polymorphisms. Such an effect requires predators to respond to changes in the relative abundance of prey, switching to alternatives when a focal prey type becomes less common. Apostatic selection has often been investigated using fixed relative proportions of prey, but its effects on predator–prey dynamics have been difficult to demonstrate. Here we report results from a new technique that incorporates computer-generated displays into an established experimental system, that of blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata …

Spiranthes Cernua (L.) Rich., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

"Insects" From Atlas Of The Sand Hills, Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Because the Sand Hills are, for the most part, a treeless landscape of grass-covered sand dunes, most of the insects are adapted to sandy habitats and a dry, continental climate, as well as to the kinds of plants and other animals that live there. Unlike most forest-adapted species, insects in the Sand Hills tolerate drier and windier conditions and greater solar radiation. They have also been successful in surviving the periodic fires that are so necessary for maintaining native grasslands. In fact, the mosaic of habitats partially created by fire has probably contributed to increased insect diversity in the Sand …

Identification Of A G(Iα) Binding Site On Type V Adenylyl Cyclase, Carmen W. Dessauer, John J.G. Tesmer, Stephen R. Sprang, Alfred G. Gilman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The stimulatory G protein α subunit G(sα) binds within a cleft in adenylyl cyclase formed by the α1-α2 and α3-β4 loops of the C₂ domain. The pseudosymmetry of the C₁ and C₂ domains of adenylyl cyclase suggests that the homologous inhibitory α subunit G(iα) could bind to the analogous cleft within C₁. We demonstrate that myristoylated guanosine 5'-3-O- (thio)triphosphate-G(iα1) forms a stable complex with the C₁ (but not the C₂) domain of type V adenylyl cyclase. Mutagenesis of the membrane-bound enzyme identified residues whose alteration either increased or substantially decreased the IC …

Cropwatch No. 98-24, Oct. 2,1998, Lisa Brown Jasa

Crop Watch (1994–2005)

Inside

Field updates……….208

Crop watch winner ……….208

Weeds in shelterbelts……….209

Calibrating yield monitors……….209

Controlling perennial weeds

Biotechnology conference……….214

Legume Logic Number 98

Legume Logic

Contents

Atrazine resistance

Budworm control

Non podding lupins

Lupin variety recommendations 1999

Caution with gypsum

Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric Bollinger, Brian Peer

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

This article was printed in The Auk, Volume 115, No.4 (1998).

Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric K. Bollinger, Brian D. Peer

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

This article was printed in The Auk, Volume 115, No.4 (1998).

Fisheries Research Report No. 112 - Final Report, Frdc Project 94/075: Enhancement Of Yabby Production From Western Australian Farm Dams, Fisheries Western Australia, Fisheries Research And Development Corporation

Fisheries Research Reports

Farmers receive higher prices per kilo for large yabbies. Yabby farmers have reported that the majority of yabbies trapped from farm dams are below market size (< 30 g) and therefore of no economic value. In addition, farmers also report that while dams produce large yabbies when first harvested, after a number of years the proportion of large animals gradually decreases.

To identify why yabbies in farm dams stunted and how farmers could increase the size of small yabbies the project had three main experimental areas.

Research station experiments: A field research station consisting of 25 ponds was constructed for running replicated, randomised and reproducible experiments, with controls, in an environment that simulated farm dams. In addition, these ponds were large enough to provide an adequate sample number of yabbies at realistic industry stocking …

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Kephart named acting associate director: 12-year forage researcher and "teacher of the year" has accepted new position as Experiment Station administrator [p] 2
Director's comments: People at the controls may change, Cholick says, ways of conducting research may change, but mandate to serve remains. [p] 3
Goal: a variety for any biostress: Winter wheat researcher would like a crystal ball; failing that. he relies on educated guesses to prepare future varieties for producers. [p] 4
The benefits of buffer: Team turns from research to demonstration to show producers the environmental and economic advantages of protected wetlands. [p] 7
And the …

Impact Of An Ecological Factor On The Costs Of Resource Acquisition: Fighting And Metabolic Physiology Of Crabs, L. U. Sneddon, F. A. Huntingford, A. C. Taylor

Ethology Collection

1. Current game theory models and recent experimental evidence suggests that the strategy an animal adopts in agonistic encounters is determined by individual state. Therefore manipulation of an individual’s state should elicit different behavioural responses. In this paper, mechanisms are examined that underlie state-dependent strategies using Shore Crabs, Carcinus maenas, and how, by altering the environment, behaviour and physiology are affected.
2. Fights were staged between pairs of male crabs under normoxic and severely hypoxic (< 15 torr) conditions to determine if the metabolic costs of fighting and resource acquisition are affected by water P_O2. After fighting, blood and tissue samples from each crab were taken and analysed for metabolites associated with anaerobiosis (L-lactate, glucose and glycogen).
3. The spectrum …

Assessment Of Side Effects Induced By Injection Of Different Adjuvant/Antigen Combinations In Rabbits And Mice, P.P.A.M. Leenaars, M. A. Koedam, P. W. Wester, V. Baumans, E. Claassen, C. F.M. Hendriksen

Biomedicine and Animal Models in Research Collection

We evaluated the side effects induced by injection of Freund's adjuvant (FA)and alternative adjuvants combined with different antigens. Rabbits and mice were injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly (rabbits) and intraperitoneally (mice)with different adjuvants (FA, Specol, RIBI,TiterMax, Montanide ISA50)in combination with several types of antigens (synthetic peptides, autoantigen, glycolipid, protein, mycoplasma or viruses). The effects of treatment on the animals' well-being were assessed by clinical and behavioural changes (POTand LABORASassays) and gross and histopathological changes. In rabbits, treatment did not appear to induce acute or prolonged pain and distress. Mice showed behavioural changes immediately after (predominantly secondary) immunization. Injection of several adjuvant/antigen mixtures …

Animal Organs In Humans: Uncalculated Risks And Unanswered Questions, Gillian R. Langley, Joyce D'Silva

Biomedicine and Animal Models in Research Collection

This report, produced jointly by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection and Compassion in World Farming, fills a number of significant gaps in the current debate about xenotransplantation.

In this report we also summarise the ethical and welfare issues concerning experiments on animals for xenotransplant research and their possible use as source animals for organs. Both these aspects are responsible for much pain and distress caused to many animals. We prefer the term “source animals” to “donor animals”, because animals do not choose to donate their organs for xenotransplantation.

Effect Of Larval Swimming Duration On Growth And Reproduction Of Bugula Neritina (Bryozoa) Under Field Conditions, Dean E. Wendt

Biological Sciences

A growing body of evidence indicates that even subtle events occurring during one portion of an animal's life cycle can have detrimental, and in some cases, lasting effects on later stages. Using a laboratory-field transplant design, postmetamorphic costs associated with the duration of larval swimming were investigated in the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Larvae were induced to metamorphose in the laboratory after swimming for either less than 1 h or between 23 and 24 h; colonies that developed from these two groups of larvae are referred to hereafter as "1-h colonies" and "24-h colonies," respectively. After completing metamorphosis, individuals were …

The Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Hrpw Protein Has Domains Similar To Harpins And Pectate Lyases And Can Elicit The Plant Hypersensitive Response And Bind To Pectate, Amy O. Charkowski, James R. Alfano, Gail Preston, Jing Yuan, Sheng Yang He, Alan Collmer

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

The host-specific plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae elicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants and secretes the HrpZ harpin in culture via the Hrp (type III) secretion system. Previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another harpin gene in the P. syringae genome. hrpW was found in a region adjacent to the hrp cluster in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. hrpW encodes a 42.9-kDa protein with domains resembling harpins and pectate lyases (Pels), respectively. HrpW has key properties of harpins. It is heat stable and glycine rich, lacks cysteine, is secreted by the Hrp system, and is able to elicit …

Grizzly Bear Digging: Effects On Subalpine Meadow Plants In Relation To Mineral Nitrogen Availability, Sandra E. Tardiff, Jack Arthur Stanford

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) affect plant distributions and mineral nitrogen availability when they forage by digging for the bulbs of glacier lilies (Erythronium grandiflorum) growing in subalpine meadows of Glacier National Park, Montana, United States. Our working hypothesis is that grizzly bears structure plant communities and influence nitrogen availability when they selectively dig for preferred plants. In this paper, we report on differences found in recently disturbed digs (<5 yr old) when compared to adjacent, undisturbed meadow.

We used ion exchange resin bags to determine the availability of mineral nitrogen in grizzly bear digs compared to undisturbed meadow. Soil in digs contained significantly …

Effective Recovery Of Bacterial Dna And Percent-Guanine-Plus-Cytosine-Based Analysis Of Community Structure In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Broiler Chickens, Juha H. A. Apajalahti, Laura K. Särkilahti, Brita R. E. Mäki, J. Pekka Heikkinen, Päivi H. Nurminen, William E. Holben

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A DNA-based, direct method for initial characterization of the total bacterial community in ileum and cecum of the chicken gastrointestinal (GI) tract was developed. The efficiencies of bacterial extraction and lysis were >95 and >99%, respectively, and therefore the DNA recovered should accurately reflect the bacterial communities of the ileal and cecal digesta. Total bacterial DNA samples were fractionated according to their percent G+C content. The profiles reflecting the composition of the bacterial community were reproducible within each compartment, but different between the compartments of the GI tract. This approach is independent of the culturability of the bacteria in the …