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Influence Of Method Of Processing Supplemental Alfalfa On Intake And Utilization Of Dormant, Bluestem-Range Forage By Beef Steers (1993), B.A. Lintzenich, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, J.L. Beaty, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, G. St. Jean
Influence Of Method Of Processing Supplemental Alfalfa On Intake And Utilization Of Dormant, Bluestem-Range Forage By Beef Steers (1993), B.A. Lintzenich, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, J.L. Beaty, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, G. St. Jean
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A digestion trial was conducted to determine the effect of method of processing supplemental alfalfa on the intake and utilization of dormant, bluestem-range forage. Supplement treatments were 1) control: no supplement; 2) ground and pelleted, suncured alfalfa; 3) ground and pelleted dehydrated alfalfa; and 4) longstem alfalfa hay. Bluestem forage intake (% BW), diet digestibility, and ruminal dry matter fill 4 hours after feeding were increased (P<.10) when supplemental alfalfa was fed, compared with no supplementation. Little difference was evident among different forms of supplemental alfalfa for most of the forage utilization characteristics measured. However, a weak trend (P=.18) was observed for increased intake of bluestem forage by the steers supplemented with dehydrated alfalfa pellets compared with suncured alfalfa pellets.
Utilization Of Dried Bakery Product By Finishing Beef Steers (1993), C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr.
Utilization Of Dried Bakery Product By Finishing Beef Steers (1993), C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr.
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred forty-four medium-framed crossbred steers averaging 857 lb were used to evaluate steer performance and determine net energy (NE) values of finishing diets that included dried bakery product (DBP). DBP replaced corn in the control diet at 15 or 30% of dietary DM. DM intake was depressed 6.5% by inclusion of 30% DBP. No differences in daily gain (P>.3) or feed efficiency (P>.9) were observed by replacing corn with DBP. Dietary values of NEm and NEg, calculated from animal performance, were not affected (P>.7) by the inclusion of DBP. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH) (P<.05) and 12th rib fat thickness (P<.1) were increased linearly with inclusion of DBP, whereas other carcass characteristics were unaffected. These data indicate the DBP (10% rice hulls included) has an energy value similar to that of corn grain, although the optimal inclusion level of DBP appears to be below 30% of dietary DM.
Effect On Summer Stocker Gains When Native Grass Pastures Were Either Grazed Short During The Dormant Season Or Burned In April (1993), F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Four hundred and ten mixed-breed heifers were intensively early grazed for 81 days on native tall grass pastures where dormant growth had been removed by either winter grazing or April burning. Heifers grazing the burned pastures gained .19 lb/day more (1.99 vs 1.80 lb; P<.05) than those grazing pastures that had the dormant grass removed by heavy grazing during February and March.
Effect Of Supplemental Fat And Thermal Stress On Nitrogen And Energy Metabolism Of Finishing Heifers (1993), Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.E. Williams, Timothy J. Jones
Effect Of Supplemental Fat And Thermal Stress On Nitrogen And Energy Metabolism Of Finishing Heifers (1993), Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.E. Williams, Timothy J. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twelve British and British crossed heifers fed whole shelled corn finishing diets were used in a 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment to study the main effects of and interactions between feeding supplemental tallow (0 vs 4%) and thermal heat stress (55°F vs 90°F). Heifers were maintained in temperature- and humidity-controlled environmental rooms. Neither supplemental fat or thermal stress affected dry matter intake or total tract digestibility of organic matter, starch, NDF, or ADF. However, heat stress elevated water consumption (P<.01) and rectal temperature (P<.01). When fed at equal intakes, heifers consuming tallow-supplemented diets retained more (P<.05) nitrogen, and tallowsupplemented diets had a higher (P=.08) ME value than non-tallow diets; these effects were not observed when heifers were fed ad libitum. Adding tallow to diets of finishing cattle may help maintain performance under circumstances where feed intake is restricted.
Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates And Calving Difficulty In Commercial Beef Heifers (1993), S.D. Utter, P.L. Houghton, L.R. Corah, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, M.D. Butine
Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates And Calving Difficulty In Commercial Beef Heifers (1993), S.D. Utter, P.L. Houghton, L.R. Corah, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, M.D. Butine
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Data from yearling Angus and Angus crossbred beef heifers from a commercial ranch were used to identify factors affecting pregnancy rates (n=342) and calving difficulty (n=295). Production data analyzed included prebreeding weight, average daily gain during the breeding season, and postbreeding weight; evaluations of hip height, frame score, weight:height ratio, and reproductive tract score were made at approximately 1 yr of age. Pregnancy rates were affected significantly by weight:height ratio, prebreeding weight, and reproductive tract score. However, based on correlation coefficients, the magnitude of influence of these traits on first-service conception and overall pregnancy rates was low. Calving difficulty in …
Protein Supplementation Of Ammoniated Wheat Straw: Effect On Performance Of Beef Cows (1993), G.D. Fike, D.D. Simms, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Gerry L. Kuhl
Protein Supplementation Of Ammoniated Wheat Straw: Effect On Performance Of Beef Cows (1993), G.D. Fike, D.D. Simms, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Gerry L. Kuhl
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Mature, crossbred beef cows (n = 87 in 1990-91, n = 84 in 1991-1992) were used to determine the effects of protein supplementation to cows fed ammoniated wheat straw during late gestation. Treatments included: 1) Control (C) - no supplement, 2) Low Protein (LP) - 4.5 lb of a 10% crude protein (CP) supplement, 3) Medium Protein (MP) - 4.5 lb of a 20% CP supplement, and 4) High Protein (HP) - 4.5 lb of a 30% CP supplement. Supplementation increased weight gain over controls (P<.01). HP cows gained more (P=.05) weight than LP-supplemented cows and tended (P=.11) to gain more weight than MP-supplemented cows. Supplementation also increased body condition score (BCS, 1-9 scale) over control cows (P<.01), but no difference was noted among supplemented groups. From the end of the feeding period until weaning, cows previously supplemented lost more weight (P<.01) than controls and exhibited little change in BCS, whereas controls increased BCS by .5 during the same period. Calving dates, calf birth weights, calf weaning weights, calf average daily gain, percent of cows cycling prior to breeding, and percent of cows pregnant did not differ between treatments. Consequently, although additional protein increased weight gain prior to parturition, this response did not impact economically important traits.
Antimicrobial Resistance Among Important Bovine Pathogens Isolated At The Ksu Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Over Two And A Half Years (1993), D.P. Rogers, M.W. Vorhies, M. M. Chengappa
Antimicrobial Resistance Among Important Bovine Pathogens Isolated At The Ksu Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Over Two And A Half Years (1993), D.P. Rogers, M.W. Vorhies, M. M. Chengappa
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among six important bacterial pathogens of bovine origin. The study extended from June 1990 through December 1992 and included a review of the microbiology records of bovine submissions to the KSU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility results for Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Actinomyces pyogenes, Hemophilus somnus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. are summarized. Pathogens were recovered primarily from cases of pneumonia and/or diarrhea. Each isolate was tested for susceptibility to 14 different antimicrobial agents. A high prevalence of resistance (>70%) was noticed for respiratory pathogens to sulfachloropyridazine. …
Inflammatory Response Of Feedlot Cattle To Clostridial Vaccination: A Comparison Of 7-Way Bacterin-Toxoid And C&D Toxoid (1993), Gerald L. Stokka, Robert T. Brandt Jr., A.J. Edwards, M.F. Spire, J.E. Smith
Inflammatory Response Of Feedlot Cattle To Clostridial Vaccination: A Comparison Of 7-Way Bacterin-Toxoid And C&D Toxoid (1993), Gerald L. Stokka, Robert T. Brandt Jr., A.J. Edwards, M.F. Spire, J.E. Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty-four finishing steers (758 lb) were subcutaneously vaccinated and revaccinated 31 days later with 1) sterile saline, 2) a clostridial perfringens C&D toxoid, or 3) a 7-way clostridial bacterin-toxoid to evaluate the effects of vaccine type on inflammatory response in feedlot cattle. Injection site reactions were most severe (P<.05) and persistent for 7-way bacterin-toxoid and were accompanied by elevated (P<.05) blood haptoglobin levels indicative of acute inflammation. Revaccination with 7-way bacterin-toxoid reduced (P<.05) feed consumption for a 4-day period postvaccination. Although some reactions were severe, they appeared transient because blood parameters and volume of injection site reactions returned to baseline levels 25 to 60 days after injection. Performance over the entire feeding period was not significantly altered by treatment. We strongly recommend that clostridial products be used subcutaneously only, to minimize potential damage to carcass tissue from intramuscular injection.
Effect Of Mass Medication On The Health And Gain Of Calves In Grass Paddocks Or Feedlot Pens (1993), F.K. Brazle
Effect Of Mass Medication On The Health And Gain Of Calves In Grass Paddocks Or Feedlot Pens (1993), F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Four hundred and ninety mixed-breed, long-hauled, bull calves averaging 275 lb were used in a winter study to determine whether mass medicating calves in grass paddocks or feedlot pens would reduce health problems and improve performance. All calves were started in feedlot pens for 3 days, then half of the calves were turned out into grass paddocks. Mass medication with injectable oxytetracycline did not improve health or gain of the calves. Calves housed in grass paddocks during the recurring period had less sickness (P<.01), fewer (P<.05) sick days per animal purchased, and lower (P<.05) drug treatment costs than their counterparts housed in feedlot pens.
A Laboratory System For Modeling Hay Storage (1993), W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen
A Laboratory System For Modeling Hay Storage (1993), W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A simple system is described that uses a hinged metal baling unit and a hydraulic press to make 4.0 x 4.3 x 5.3 inch wire-tied, laboratory- scale, hay bales. A comparison of densities of conventional, small, alfalfa bales (15x18x37 inches) and laboratory bales was made over a wide range of moisture levels (15 to 36%) and conventional bale densities (10 to 25 lb/ft3). Laboratory bale densities were regressed against conventional bale densities and agreement was excellent. The system is inexpensive to build and easy to use and can be reproduced easily.
Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Beef Heifers After Estradiol Benzoate And Estrous Synchronization (1993), R.P. Bolze, C.W. Peters
Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Beef Heifers After Estradiol Benzoate And Estrous Synchronization (1993), R.P. Bolze, C.W. Peters
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Injectable estradiol (estradiol benzoate) was evaluated for its effect on the reproductive performance of yearling beef heifers whose estrous cycles were synchronized using the melengestrol acetate/prostaglandin F 2 α (MG- 2 A®/PG) system. Estradiol was injected 40 h after prostaglandin. Heifers were inseminated artificially (AI) 12 h after first observed heat during a 35-d AI period followed by 28 d of bull exposure. Estradiol had no effect on heat response or first-service pregnancy rate to AI during the synchronized period (5 d) and had no significant effect on overall AI pregnancy rate (35 d), cumulative pregnancy rate (63 d), or …
Use Of Visual Appearance As An Indicator Of Degree Of Doneness In Ground Beef Patties (1993), K.E. Warren, Melvin C. Hunt, M.A. Hague, Donald H. Kropf, Sally L. Stroda
Use Of Visual Appearance As An Indicator Of Degree Of Doneness In Ground Beef Patties (1993), K.E. Warren, Melvin C. Hunt, M.A. Hague, Donald H. Kropf, Sally L. Stroda
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Outbreaks of food-borne illness have emphasized the need for proper cooking of ground beef patties. Because of difficulties in measuring internal temperature of ground beef patties, visual indicators usually are used to estimate degree of doneness. As internal temperature increases from 130 to 170 ÌŠF, the internal appearance is expected to change from very red to brown and juice color from red to clear. Based on ground beef patties from three sources, we found that internal color over-estimated internal temperature. Expressible juice decreased in redness as internal temperature increased but did not run clear even at temperatures over 160 ÌŠF. …
Effects Of Hybrid, Growing Condition, Storage Time, And Pioneer 1174® Silage Inoculant On Agronomic Performance And Nutritive Value Of Whole-Plant Corn And Grain Sorghum Silages (1993), R. Suazo, R.N. Sonon, K.K. Bolsen
Effects Of Hybrid, Growing Condition, Storage Time, And Pioneer 1174® Silage Inoculant On Agronomic Performance And Nutritive Value Of Whole-Plant Corn And Grain Sorghum Silages (1993), R. Suazo, R.N. Sonon, K.K. Bolsen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In 1989, two Pioneer corn hybrids, 3377 and 3389, were grown under irrigation and harvested at 80% milk line kernel maturity. Voluntary intakes and ADF digestibilities were similar for all hybrid, inoculant, and storage time combinations; however, DM digestibility was higher for 3377 silage than for 3389, and DM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were higher at the 50- than the 250-day storage time. The inoculant did not influence either voluntary intake or digestibility. In 1990, the same corn hybrids and DeKalb DK 42Y and Pioneer 8358 grain sorghum hybrids were grown under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Whole-plant DM contents …
Effect Of Density Of Steam Flaked Milo On Animal Performance, Mill Production Rate, And Subacute Acidosis (1993), Robert T. Brandt Jr., A.S. Freeman, T.P. Eck, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Keith C. Behnke
Effect Of Density Of Steam Flaked Milo On Animal Performance, Mill Production Rate, And Subacute Acidosis (1993), Robert T. Brandt Jr., A.S. Freeman, T.P. Eck, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Keith C. Behnke
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In Trial 1, 336 yearling steers (755 lb) were fed diets containing milo flaked to 22 (L), 25 (M), or 28 (H) lb/bu. The steers fed L consumed 3.2% less dry matter than cattle fed H (P<.05) and had 6.9% lower gains (P<.05). Feed efficiency tended (P=.15) to favor cattle fed H. The H milo was flaked 27% faster than M and 67% faster than L (P<.0001), resulting in lower production cost for the heavy flakes. In Trial 2, six ruminally cannulated steers were fed the same diets used in Trial 1 in a replicated 3x3 Latin square. After adaptation to the respective diets, the cattle were fasted and then overfed to simulate a drastic intake fluctuation. The L diet was fermented more rapidly than the H diet, resulting in greater ruminal pH depression (P<.10) following overconsumption. Under the conditions of this experiment, flaking milo more intensively than 28 lb/bu (58.7% starch gelatinization) resulted in decreased consumption, lower mill efficiency, and increased propensity for acidosis in finishing steers.
Endophyte-Infected, Tall Fescue Hay Utilization By Exercised, Yearling Horses (1993), J.S. Pendergraft, M.J. Arns, R.H. Raub, K.K. Bolsen, F.K. Brazle
Endophyte-Infected, Tall Fescue Hay Utilization By Exercised, Yearling Horses (1993), J.S. Pendergraft, M.J. Arns, R.H. Raub, K.K. Bolsen, F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fescue toxicity causes substantial production losses in sheep, cattle, and horses. These losses are attributed to an endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum. However, our results indicate that Quarter horse yearlings can be fed endophyte-infected tall fescue hay for at least 106 days with no detrimental effects on either growth or exercise performance. However, these findings have not been substantiated in other classes of horses or in horses consuming endophyte-infected fescue for longer durations.
Relationship Between Expected Progeny Differences (Epd) And Performance Of Angus And Simmental Bulls In Central Bull Tests (1993), D.D. Simms
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The performance of bulls (n = 656 for Angus and n = 1343 for Simmental) at the Beloit and Potwin bulls tests from 1989 to 1992 were compared to their expected progeny differences (EPDs). In general, correlations between on-test ADG and weaning and yearling EPD were low for both breeds. However, the correlations between actual yearling weight and yearling EPD was moderate for Angus. Differences in actual yearling weight were 2.80 and 1.71 pounds (for Angus and Simmental, respectively) for each pound of difference in yearling weight EPD, which is close to the 2.0 pound difference expected. Thus, although the …
Ultrasound-Measured Ribeye Area Epd For Brangus Cattle (1993), R.R. Schalles, J.B. Glaze, R. Mallen-Spinzi, K.M. Andries, C.J. Rost, M.Z. Johnson, W. Olson, Michael E. Dikeman
Ultrasound-Measured Ribeye Area Epd For Brangus Cattle (1993), R.R. Schalles, J.B. Glaze, R. Mallen-Spinzi, K.M. Andries, C.J. Rost, M.Z. Johnson, W. Olson, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ultrasound-measured ribeye area (REA) expected progeny differences (EPD) were calculated for 2974 Brangus cattle. Carcass data were collected from 168 steer progeny sired by eight bulls with ultrasound-measured ribeye area EPDs. A heritability estimate of .40 for ultrasound-measured REA and a 2.82 sq. in. range in genetic differences in ultrasound- measured REAs in this population indicate considerable opportunity to make genetic change in this trait. The regression of progeny average carcass REA on the sire's ultrasound measured ribeye area EPD indicated that for each square inch change in the EPD, the carcass REA of their progeny changed by .69 sq. …
The Relationships Of Color To Performance And Carcass Traits In Cattle (1993), K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
The Relationships Of Color To Performance And Carcass Traits In Cattle (1993), K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effects of primary color (black, red, or white) on performance and carcass characteristics of 253 cross-bred calves were evaluated. The only effect of color was that white calves had lighter birth weights than red calves, which was probably the result of the maternal influence of the Brahman breed. White calves also had a lower carcass yield grade than red calves. No other effects of color on performance or carcass traits were found. It can be concluded that knowledge of breed and expected progeny differences (EPD) of the sire within the breed are more accurate methods of predicting the future …
Gastrointestinal Thiaminase Vs. Ration Changes (1993), H.W. Soita, B.E. Brent
Gastrointestinal Thiaminase Vs. Ration Changes (1993), H.W. Soita, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
High levels of the thiamin-destroying enzyme, thiaminase I, were found in the feces of 3 of 50 apparently healthy dairy cows. All high fecal thiaminase I levels returned to normal within 3 weeks, indicating that thiaminase I occurs in "spikes" rather than continuing at elevated levels. All cows sampled had some thiaminase I, but the upper end of the "normal" range in feces was about 3.5 μmol/min/l. Thiaminase I levels were higher in the first than in subsequent lactations. When spikes in thiaminase I activity occurred, they were concentrated within about 20 days of calving and of the associated change …
Factors Affecting Cost Of Gain Of Feedlot Steers (1993), M. Albright, Ted C. Schroeder, Michael R. Langemeier
Factors Affecting Cost Of Gain Of Feedlot Steers (1993), M. Albright, Ted C. Schroeder, Michael R. Langemeier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study examined the relative effects of corn price and cattle performance factors on steer finishing cost of gain. Seasonal analysis of cost of gain and the factors affecting it was also conducted. Using over 10 years of closeout data from two western Kansas feedyards, corn prices, feed conversion, and daily gain explained 93 to 94% of the variation in steer finishing cost of gain. About 60% of the variability was explained by corn price alone. Cost of gain and feed conversion rates were seasonally below average for steers placed in February through August. Daily gain was seasonally high for …
Results Of A Production Analysis Survey Of Cow Herds In Kansas (1993), D. Simms, Michael R. Langemeier, S. Utter, G. Fike, C. Bandyk
Results Of A Production Analysis Survey Of Cow Herds In Kansas (1993), D. Simms, Michael R. Langemeier, S. Utter, G. Fike, C. Bandyk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A survey of production levels and management practices of 205 cow herds representing over 26,000 cows in Kansas was conducted in 1991. These operations were located throughout Kansas except for the Northwest corner. Emphasis was placed on determining levels of production and reproductive parameters. Breeders emphasized calf crop. For example, the average calf crop was 91.6%, with 4.3% open females and 4.4% calf death loss. Cumulative calving percentages by 21-day calving periods were 32, 55, and 68%. Average weaning weights were 550 lb. for steers and 515 lb for heifers. Additionally, information was collected on breeding, nutrition, health, and general …
Effect Of Zinpro 100® In A Mineral Mixture On Gain And Incidence Of Footrot In Steers Grazing Native Grass Pastures (1993), F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In a 3-year study, crossbred steers averaging 585 lb were allotted to groups given either a control or zinc methionine-supplemented mineral mixture while grazing burned native pastures in early summer. The steers were monitored for weight gain and incidence of footrot. The addition of 100 lb Zinpro 100® (50% zinc methionine) per ton of free-choice mineral mixture improved (P<.06) steer daily gain .08 lb. and reduced the incidence of footrot 55% (5.38 vs. 2.45%; P<.06). The gain benefit could not be attributed entirely to reduced footrot, but appeared to also have a nutritional basis.
Comparison Of Synovex-S® And Two Levels Of Revalor-S® In Heavy-Weight Holstein Steers (1993), Gerry L. Kuhl, D.D. Simms, Dale A. Blasi, Curtis L. Kastner
Comparison Of Synovex-S® And Two Levels Of Revalor-S® In Heavy-Weight Holstein Steers (1993), Gerry L. Kuhl, D.D. Simms, Dale A. Blasi, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In two field trials, 434 Holstein steers averaging 849 lbs were assigned randomly to three single implant treatments: 1) Synovex- S®, 2) Revalor®-S 120 (120 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) + 24 mg estradiol), and 3) Revalor®-S 140 (140 mg TBA + 28 mg estradiol). Revalor-implanted steers gained .05 to .10 lb per day faster, but this improvement was not statistically significant (P>.05). Both Revalor-implanted groups produced trimmer carcasses with less (P<.05) backfat than Synovex steers. All other carcass characteristics and beef sensory properties, including taste panel evaluations of tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, were not influenced by implant used.
Sequential Implant Strategies With Synovex-S® And Trenbolone Acetate-Containing Implants In Calf-Fed Holstein Steers (1993), D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl
Sequential Implant Strategies With Synovex-S® And Trenbolone Acetate-Containing Implants In Calf-Fed Holstein Steers (1993), D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In a commercial feedyard trial, 242 Holstein steer calves averaging 378 lb were used to compare effects of six alternative implant programs, consisting of sequential use of Synovex-S® or a combination of estradiol and trenbolone acetate (Revalor-S® or Finaplix- S® plus Synovex-S®), on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. The calves were implanted three times at 78- to 90-day intervals while on feed an average of 252 days. The combination implant increased (P<.05) gain by .13 to .21 lb per day in all three implant periods compared to Synovex alone. Total feedlot gain was increased in direct relation to the number of times steers received the combination implant. However, marbling score and the percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice tended to be reduced with repeated use of Revalor or Finaplix.