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Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1984, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1984 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1984 crop season, climate data, planting dates, potato fertility, spring wheat breeding, oats research, alfalfa variety trials, weed control in sunflowers, sunflower testing, 1985 research plans.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 16, No. 4. December 1984

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VEGETATION PATTERNS IN RELATION TO TOPOGRAPHY AND EDAPHIC VARIATIONS IN NEBRASKA SAND HILLS PRAIRIE ▪ P. W. Barnes, A. T. Harrison and S. P. Heinisch

GREAT BLUE HERON NESTING BIOLOGY ON THE JAMES RIVER IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ E. M. Dowd and L. D. Flake

OVENBIRDS AT THE PERIPHERY OF THEIR RANGE IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ R. B. Hopkins

BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITY COLONIZATION OF SOWN STANDS OF NATIVE GRASSES IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ K. F. Higgins, T. W. Arnold and R. …

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1984, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This twenty-fourth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn production and performance, soybean research and planting, crop rotation, sorghum, small grains, livestock, and pest control.

Benthic Diatom Community Dynamics In The Colorado River: Interactive Effects Of Periodic Dessication And Current Regime, Christopher Gerard Peterson

Publications (WR)

The response to periodic desiccation of periphyton communities developed in eddy environments or in areas exposed to variable, direct current was examined. Algal communities were incubated on clay tiles for between 2 and 12 weeks in the Colorado River, directly below Hoover Dam from October, 1983 - January, 1984. Mean daily discharge from the dam decreased over this period. To assess the influence of these discharge changes on community dynamics, samples collected over the first 12 weeks of the investigation were compared to samples of the same age collected over the final 8 weeks.

The small diatom taxon Achnahthes spp …

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1984, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1984 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary, small grain variety trials, sorghum variety testing, management, tillage and cultural practices, weed control research, and small grain varietal descriptions.

Soil Physical Characteristics Of Reduced Tillage In A Wheat-Fallow System, L. N. Mielke, Wallace Wilhelm, K. A. Richards, C.R. Fenster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Soil physical characteristics of reduced tillage for fallow-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared for two soils in western Nebraska. The soil physical environment influences the amount of water that enters soil, the availability of water for plants, and the microenvironment important to soil biological processes. Fallow tillage (plow, subtill, no till) did not affect bulk density in Alliance silt loam (fine silty, mixed mesic, Aridic Argiustolls). For Duroc loam (fine silty, mixed mesic Pachic Haplustolls), in which native sod was compared to the above three wheat-fallow tillage methods, numerous effects on soil physical properties were found. Reduced tillage reduced …

Vegetation Patterns In Relation To Topography And Edaphic Variation Nebraska Sandhills Prairie, P. W. Barnes, A. T. Harrison, S. P. Heinisch

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Detailed studies on soil texture and moisture retention indicate a close association between edaphic features and the distribution and composition of plant communities along topographic gradients at Arapaho Prairie, a typical, semi-arid Nebraska Sandhills prairie. The vegetation characteristics of three major habitat types (ridge, slope, and valley) and several minor subtypes (swale, stable ridge, and eroding ridge) are recognized and quantitatively described. Texture analysis indicates that the soils of dune slopes and ridges are largely azonal and are very coarse with substantially lower fine fractions (silt-clay ~ 13-15%) than soils of the more lowland swale and valley sites where surfact …

Foliar Application Of N And Fe To Kentucky Bluegrass, A. K. Yust, David J. Wehner, T. W. Fermanian

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

The goal of the professional lawn care industry is to provide the homeowner with a dark green weed-free lawn. Members of this industry are interested in techniques to enhance the color of a turfgrass stand in lieu of excessive N fertilization. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of foliar applications of Fe alone or in combination with N on the color response of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Iron sulfate or an iron chelate was applied at the rate of 1.1, 2.2, or 4.5 kg Fe ha^–1 in combination with either 0, 25, or 49 …

Crop Residue Removal And Soil Productivity With No-Till Corn, Sorghum, And Soybean, J. W. Doran, Wallace Wilhelm, J. F. Power

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Crop residues have been considered during the past decade as alternate energy sources to supplement dwindling fossil fuel sources and enhance energy independence in the United States. Agricultural scientists have demonstrated the importance of crop residues in reducing soil erosion, enhancing the soil physical environment for plant growth, and as a reserve for major crop nutrients. In eastern Nebraska, we evaluated the effects of various amounts of surface crop residues (aboveground dry matter remaining after harvest) on dryland production of no-till corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] over …

University Of Richmond Herbarium, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

The Department of Biology at the University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, maintains an herbarium of approximately 15,000 specimens. Although recently assigned the acronym URV, this collection has not yet been included in Index Herbariorum and, consequently, few botanists outside of Virginia are aware of its existence. This note provides a brief account of the history of URV, a summary of its contents, and a short bibliography of works pertaining to the collection.

Atrazine Tolerance In Warm-Season Grass Seedlings, C. C. Bahler, Kenneth P. Vogel, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] effectively controls many annual weeds in established warm-season range grasses but can damage some of these grasses in the early seedling stage. This study determined the relative atrazine tolerance of seedlings of selected warm-season grasses and evaluated the effectiveness of a greenhouse bioassay for seedling atrazine tolerance in range gasses. Seed of 'Pathfinder' switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.], 'Nebraska 54' indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], 'Butte' side-oats grama [Bouteloua curtipedula (Michx.) Torr.], an experimental blue grama 'PMK 1483' [B. gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag ex Steud], 'Plains' bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum var ischaemum (L.) Keng), 'Caucasian' bluestem …

Comparison Of F1'S And Inbreds As Female Parents For Sorghum-Sudangrass Seed Production, Herman J. Gorz, J. J. Toy, Francis A. Haskins, W. M. Ross

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Two field studies involving different groups of germplasm were conducted to compare sorghum-sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench X S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf, hybrid seed production of male-sterile F₁'s with their component A-lines. The F₁'s yielded 45 and 82% more grain than their A-line counterparts in Study 1 and 2, respectively, with the increase attributable to more seeds per panicle and a greater threshing percentage. Mean values of nine traits measured on nine groups of eight F₁'s in Study 1 and seven groups of six F₁'s in Study 2 were compared with their …

Effect Of Freezing On The Hydrocyanic Acid Potential Of Field-Grown Sorghum Tillers, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, R. M. Hill, J. Brakke Youngquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tissue disruption caused by freezing and thawing may contribute to rapid enzymatic breakdown of dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside], the cyanogenic glucoside of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], but published reports are not in agreement as to the effects of freezing on the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of field-grown sorghum leaves. These effects were investigated in a series of experiments in the fan of 1983, a period during which weather conditions at Lincoln, NE, permitted repeated sampling of frozen and non-frozen leaves of field-grown sorghum tillers. Assays of these samples, both spectrophotometrically and with the cyanide electrode, indicated …

Influence Of Sample Treatment On Apparent Hydrocyanic Acid Potential Of Sorghum Leaf Tissue, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, R. M. Hill, J. Brakke Youngquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

When dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside], the cyanogenic glucoside of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], is hydrolyzed by autoclaving, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HB) is released. The spectrophotometric determination of p-HB concentration in autoclaved sorghum leaf extracts provides a measure of the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of leaf tissue. Extracts of field-grown sorghum leaves contained substances that interfered with this procedure, but ether extraction effectively separated p-HB from these interfering materials. We observed that when flag leaf tissue from field-grown sorghum was dried at 75°C and then autoclaved, HCN-p values were about three times as high …

The Effects Of Seed Size And Maternal Origin On The Distribution Of Individual Plant Size In Ludwigia Leptocarpa (Onagraceae), Rebecca W. Dolan

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Seed size is normally distributed for many annual species, while mature plant size is frequently positively skewed. A study was conducted to determine the influence of seed size and the role of genetic differences in determining relative seedling size for Ludwigia leptocarpa. Seed size had a significant effect on percentage germination and time of seed germination but no effect on dry weight or leaf area of seedlings. Seed size and spacing had a significant effect on seedling dry weight for plants grown under competition, while relative day of emergence had no effect. Familial (genetic) differences were found in average seed …

Wood Anatomy And Relationships Of Neowawraea (Euphorbiaceae), W. John Hayden, Dorthe S. Brandt

Biology Faculty Publications

Wood anatomy of three specimens of Neowawraea phyllanthoides Rock, a rare and endangered member of Euphorbiaceae endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, is described and compared with woods of other genera of subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Neowawraea has often been associated or synonymized with Drypetes Vahl. Wood of Neowawraea is diffuse porous, perforation plates are simple, imperforate tracheary elements are thin-walled septate fiber-tracheids, rays are heterocellular and crystalliferous, and axial xylem parenchyma is restricted to a few scanty paratracheal and terminal cells. In several respects these results differ from earlier published descriptions of the wood of this taxon; these earlier descriptions are shown …

Effect Of Planting Dates Of No-Till And Conventional Corn On Soils With Restricted Drainage, James H. Herbek, Lloyd W. Murdock, Robert L. Blevins

Agronomy Notes

No-till corn is best adapted to well drained soils. It is on these soils that no-till has been most successful and the practice most widely accepted. On soils that are moderately well to somewhat poorly drained, no-till corn can also be successful but more management is required. Three areas which require more attention are weed control, nitrogen management and planting. It has long been recognized that no-tilling results in cooler soil temperatures which can delay and reduce seed germination and seedling emergence. Additional research also indicates that diseases which attack the corn seedling in the emergence stage are more prevalent …

Fungal Flora Associated With Rice Seeds, Their Transmissibility, And Bases For Their Control, Teresita Estrada Umali

Graduate Student's Output

No abstract provided.

Samolus Valerandi L., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Fraxinus Quadrangulata Michx., John E. E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Spiranthes Gracilis (Bigelow) Beck, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Phyla Lanceolata (Michx.) Greene, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Samolus Parviflorus Raf., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Acer Negundo L., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 16, No. 3. September 1984

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GRASSLAND HABITAT MANAGEMENT USING PRESCRIBED BURNING IN WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. D. Forde, N. F. Sloan and D. A. Shown

BODY TEMPERATURES AND BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITIES OF HIBERNATING

PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKES, Crotalus viridis, IN ARTIFICIAL DENS ▪ K. R. Marion and O. J. Sexton

NEW VASCULAR PLANT RECORDS FOR NORTH DAKOTA ▪ D. T. Disrud, W. T. Barker and R. H. Warner

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1983 ▪ R. N. Randall

COMPARISON OF PLANKTON POPULATIONS IN THREE …

In Vitro And In Vivo Analyses Of Hays Of Switchgrass Strains Selected For High And Low In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, K. P. Vogel, R. Britton, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In a previous report the progress made in altering the in vitro dry matter digestibility (lVDMD) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in one cycle of divergent selection was described. In this study, the detergent system of analyses was used in an attempt to determine what plant constituents had been altered by the selection for IVDMD. Hays from five switchgrass strains differing in IVDMD harvested over a 3-year period were analyzed for protein content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, and lignin. Although there were differences (p ≤ 0.05) among strains for IVDMD as determined by …

Ua66/6 Brigadoon Nature Preserve Survey Phase I, Wayne Mason, Jeff Jenkins, Kenneth Nicely, Herbert Shadowen

WKU Archives Records

A preliminary report of an ongoing survey on the mammals, birds, vascular plants, and fungi that have been recorded at the Brigadoon Nature Preserve from November, 1983 - September, 1984.

Corallorhiza Odontorhiza Nutt., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Phyla Lanceolata (Michx.) Greene, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Verbena Urticifolia L., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.