Life Sciences Commons^™

Millets As A Preventive Dietary Intervention For India’S Nutrition Transition: A Narrative Review Of Glycaemic And Micronutrient Evidence, Kundan Kaushal, Manisha Upadhyay, Shambhu Nath Dubey, Indrajeet Kumar Jha

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

India’s nutrition profile reflects a nutrition transition rather than a single narrative: a rapidly escalating burden of diet-related non-communicable disease, including an estimated 101 million people with diabetes, coexists with a severe and worsening burden of micronutrient deficiency, with anaemia affecting 57% of women and 67.1% of children. This narrative review examines millets, small-seeded cereals historically marginalised in Indian diets in favour of rice and wheat, as a preventive dietary intervention with plausible relevance to both ends of this transition. Evidence was drawn from peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses, national survey data and documented delivery interventions, identified through searches of …

Designing With, Not For Youth: Reframing Participatory Techniques As Civic Learning Tools For Urban Greening And Natural Resources Programming, Mayra I Rodriguez Gonzalez, Dorelys Oyola Remigio, Kevin G Torres Garrido

Journal of Extension

Here, we present four participatory techniques—visioning, mapping, photovoice, and codesign—with practical recommendations for their effective implementation in fostering civic learning and engagement in urban greening among BIPOC and Hispanic youth. With examples of culturally responsive, hands-on activities and an AI-assisted synthesis of youth ideas, drawn from application with over 100 youth in Connecticut, we illustrate their use in informing local urban planning processes. We highlight the role of these techniques in positioning youth as active civic agents and collaborative designers in the creation of urban green spaces, with application for Extension professionals, educators, and planning officials.

Development And Validation Of An Ai-Assisted Eco-Batik Gringsing Student Worksheet, Intan Kurniawati, Arif Widiyatmoko, Bambang Subali 5, Novi Ratna Dewi

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran

Background: Science literacy among Indonesian students remains low, indicating a need for contextual learning resources that connect scientific concepts with students’ environments. Local cultural heritage such as Batik Gringsing, combined with artificial intelligence (AI) as a supporting tool, offers a promising context, yet their integration in a single student worksheet remains underexplored.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate an AI-assisted Eco-Batik Gringsing student worksheet for science learning.

Methods: The study employed a research and development (R&D) approach adapted from the 4D model, covering the Define, Design, and Develop stages. The evaluation focused on the validity and practicality of …

Dengue: A Global And Emerging Health Challenge, Christopher Artigas

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

Dengue virus, a rapidly expanding tropical arbovirus with four distinct serotypes, poses a growing global public health threat—particularly in regions where healthcare systems are ill-equipped to diagnose, treat, and manage its severe manifestations. Transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, dengue typically manifests as an acute febrile illness characterized by severe myalgias ("bone-breaking fever"), arthralgias, gastrointestinal distress, and hemorrhagic tendencies. In severe cases, the infection can progress to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Because definitive antiviral therapeutics remain in development, supportive clinical care, with a critical focus on timely intravenous fluid resuscitation, is the cornerstone of management. …

Use Of The Well-Star Model And Well-Star Graphic In Healthcare, Fidan Korkut-Owen, Zubeyde Akpakir, Dean W. Owen

Journal of Wellness

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Neocortex: Pallial Routes To The Edge Of Sentience, Oryan Zacks

Animal Sentience

In The Edge of Sentience, the sentience candidacy of fishes and reptiles is strengthened if one accepts midbrain-centric theories of human consciousness. In this commentary I attempt to untether the two positions. I suggest that we need not look for a one-to-one match between the neocortex and a single pallial structure outside of mammals. Instead, a sufficient similarity might exist between the mammalian neocortex and the combination of pallium and midbrain in fishes and reptiles. Adopting an evolutionary perspective in the study of vertebrate brains could point to new investigation priorities in human and animal research.

How Inclusive Is The Brainstem Rule? Partiality Beyond Consensus, Charlotte Gauvry, Nurida Boddenberg

Animal Sentience

In his 2024 book, Jonathan Birch builds a precautionary framework for the borderlines of sentience, one that is meant to guide both theoretical reflection and practical action. One of the book’s great merits is its bottom-up approach, which presents itself as theoretically neutral regarding the (neuro-)physiological criteria required for sentience. Yet the singular place granted to midbrain-centric views (e.g., Merker, 2007; Panksepp, 2011; Solms, 2021) and to what Birch calls the “brainstem rule” (Chapter 11) raises questions. What justifies granting it such a central role? What are its practical and theoretical consequences?

Autofield-Poa: A Hybrid Automl–Metaheuristic Framework For Automated Feature Selection In Recommender Systems, Mohammed Dheyaaldeen Taha, Waleed Kareem Ahmed, Rana Saad Mohammed, Zied O. Ahmed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The problem of automated feature selection is one of the most important aspects of modern recommender systems, as overestimating the number of feature fields used, which can increase model complexity, inference latency, and performance degradation due to redundancy and noise. Although differentiable Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) based feature selection methods, including AutoField, are effective, they remain susceptible to initialization and local optima. Conversely, population-based metaheuristic algorithms are effective at global exploration, but are often inefficient in high-dimensional discrete spaces when randomly initialized. This paper presents AutoField-POA, a hybrid AutoML-metaheuristic framework that combines a differentiable controller with the Pelican Optimization Algorithm …

A Yolov8x Framework For Breast Lesion Localization Using Real-World Mammographic Images, Hadeel Abdul Majeed Ghazi, Yarub Alazzawi, Hussein Hasan Nsaif

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide, and early and accurate mammographic assessment is important for timely diagnosis and improved patient survival. However, accurate breast lesion detection requires overcoming the issues of low lesion contrast, dense breast tissue, image noise, and variation in mammographic acquisition. In this study, we present a YOLOv8x-based computer-aided detection framework for automated breast lesion localization in full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images acquired under heterogeneous clinical conditions. The framework was developed and evaluated using 501 clinical mammographic images obtained from multiple mammography systems, namely GE …

An Object-Level Semantic Video Transmission Framework For Iomt Based On Lightweight Yolo And Motion Triggering, Iman Kadhum Abbood, Alaa Shawqi Jaber

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) environments, video capture and frame transmission consume substantial sensor energy and impose considerable network overhead because of redundant data transmission. Traditional approaches often rely on repeated pixel-level operations and frequent execution of deep segmentation models, thereby increasing computational and transmission costs. This paper proposes an Object-Level Semantic Video Transmission Framework (OSVT) for resource-constrained IoMT environments in which high-definition visual data must be transmitted over low-bandwidth wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). The proposed OSVT incorporates a dual-stage wake-up mechanism that remains in sleep mode during static scenes, thereby reducing transmission load. The high-power YOLOv11-seg module …

Academic Performance In College Students: The Roles Of Physical Activity, Perceived Academic Control, And Bmi, Erin Vanderbunt, Jenna Woolley

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Volume 7: Issue 1, Article 3, 2026.  Background: Health behaviors and motivational factors are increasingly recognized as contributors to academic performance in college students. Physical activity (PA), perceived academic control (PAC), and body mass index (BMI) have each been linked to academic outcomes, yet their combined effects remain understudied. Purpose: To examine the relationships between PA, PAC, BMI, and academic performance in undergraduate students. Methods: A total of 299 undergraduates from a regional Midwestern university participated in this study. Students completed a survey assessing demographic variables, physical activity (via IPAQ-SF), PAC, BMI, and self-reported academic performance on a …

Analyzing Accessibility And Efficacy Of One Research Survey Website To Test Readability Of Physical Activity Promotion Material Disseminated Online: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study, Jafra D. Thomas, Anuraj Dhillon, Yi Sheng Wu, Jasmine C. Wong, Regina F. Hockert

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Volume 7: Issue 1, Article 2, 2026.  Accessibility is the effort and ability required to access and navigate environments and participate in activities. Physical activity educational materials disseminated to the public and used within behavior change interventions may be hard to read and navigate, decreasing their accessibility and a study’s validity. This study documented, and addressed, issues that may hinder researchers’ ability to gauge accessibility of their online educational materials using the cloze procedure (a direct readability measure, requires guessing missing words from text passages). A multi-stage, mixed methods pilot study was utilized (August 2022 to May 2023). Phase 1: …

Associations Of Subclinical Hypothyroidism And Thyroid Autoimmunity With Insulin Resistance Independent Of Adiposity: An Analysis Of Nhanes, Iman Taher Hussein

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

A thyroid–inflammation–insulin pathway has been proposed in which thyroid dysfunction promotes inflammation and thereby reduces insulin sensitivity, but adiposity-adjusted population evidence is limited. This cross-sectional analysis examined whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and thyroid autoimmunity are associated with insulin resistance independently of body mass index (BMI), and whether C-reactive protein (CRP), the only inflammatory biomarker available, is associated with either, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 data. Non-pregnant adults aged 18–60 years with fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL and normal free thyroxine were included; SCH was defined as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 4.5–10 mIU/L, and insulin resistance was quantified by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Linear regression of log HOMA-IR accounted for the complex survey design (strata, clusters, weights) and was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and survey cycle, with sensitivity and interaction analyses. Among 2,434 adults (89 with SCH), no association with HOMA-IR was detected for TSH (β = 0.009 per mIU/L; 95% CI -0.014 to 0.032), SCH (β = -0.035; 95% CI -0.186 to 0.115), or thyroid peroxidase …

Calculation Of Alpha-Decay Half-Lives Using A Numerical Approach, Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Rosemberg Gómez-Noguera, Diego Rasero-Causil

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study introduces a numerical approach for estimating alpha-decay half-lives of alpha-emitting nuclei using a modified five-parameter Woods-Saxon potential. The radial Schrödinger equation is solved with the Numerov method to calculate the wave function and the barrier transmission probability, without relying exclusively on the WKB approximation. The calculations were performed for 398 nuclides taken from the NUBASE2020 database. Of these, 264 nuclides were used for the MWS5 parameter-adjustment stage, whereas the remaining 134 nuclides were reserved for an independent evaluation of the model. The results were compared with those obtained from two reference models: the modified Gamow-Like Model (MGLM) and …

Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Elastase, And Anti-Collagenase Activities Of Propolis Extracts From The Stingless Bee Tetragonula Laeviceps (Smith, 1857), Tri Hadi Handayani, Dimas Andrianto, Sih Kahono, Pamungkas Rizki Ferdian, Raden Lia Rahadian Amalia, Muhamad Ridwan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Stingless bees incorporate propolis into their nest as a structural and protective material. Information remains limited on how solvent fractionation affects the antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities of propolis produced by Indo nesian Tetragonula laeviceps. This study examined a crude extract prepared with 70% ethanol together with the n- hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions obtained from it. The analysis comprised total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), three antioxidant assays (ABTS, CUPRAC, TBARS), and inhibition of tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase. The largest TPC and TFC values were obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction, at 85.93 ± 1.28 mg GAE/g …

Preparation Of Gleditsia Sinensis Polysaccharide Microemulsion And Their Hydrophobic Interactions With Quercetin, Xu Chenrui, Yao Qiuping, Deng Shenghui

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the formulation process of Gleditsia sinensis polysaccharide microemulsion and the hydrophobic interactions between the microemulsion and quercetin. [Methods] A pseudo -ternary phase diagram was drawn through compatibility experiments to optimize the formulation of the G.sinensis polysaccharide microemulsion. Based on the pyrene fluorescence probe technique, the effect of quercetin concentration on the I 1/I3 value in the microemulsion was examined to explore the hydrophobic and polar interactions between quercetin and the carrier in the G.sinensis polysaccharide microemulsion system. [Results] The prepared G.sinensis polysaccharide microemulsion was of the oil -in-water (O/W type ). The optimal formulation consisted of 35.4% …

Screening And Identification Of A Vibrio Parahaemolyticus -Antagonistic Fusion Weissella Confusa Y10-1 And Evaluation Of Its Bacteriostatic Activity, Yuan Baolong, Yi Han, Shen Naikun, Liang Ying, Tang Jiahao, Zhang Hongyan, Zhang Bin

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To isolate and screen lactic acid bacteria from the intestinal tract of marine fish with inhibitory activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and to investigate their antibacterial activity. [Methods] Using V.parahaemolyticus as the indicator bacterium, preliminary antibacterial screening was performed. The strain was identified through morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The antibacterial spectrum of the strain was determined, and the antibacterial stability, antibacterial mechanisms, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ) of its cell -free supernatant (CFS ) were analyzed. [Results] A strain, Y10-1, showing strong antagonistic activity against V.parahaemolyticus was screened and identified …

Effects Of Microwave Decocting On Release Law Of Flavor Substances In Cod Soup, Zhang Chaomin, Li Xinxi, Feng Jianhui, Xu Yongxia

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To prepare cod soup using cod as the main raw material by microwave heating, with traditional boiling as the control, and to compare and analyze the effects of microwave decocting on the release law of flavor substances in cod soup. [Methods] Cod soup was processed at different durations (15,30,45, and 60 min ), followed by sensory evaluation. The changes in the contents of trichloroacetic acid (TCA )-soluble peptides, amino acid nitrogen, flavor nucleotides, organic acids, inorganic salt ions, and free amino acids in the soup were analyzed. [Results] The contents of TCA -soluble peptides, amino acid nitrogen, flavor nucleotides, …

Differential Analysis Of Volatile Components Between The Flesh And Peel Of Poria Cocos Based On Dynamic Headspace-Gc-Ms, Meng Xue, Xu Hui, Li Huixin, Cheng Chuanyun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To compare the differences in volatile components between Poria cocos flesh and peel using dynamic headspace -gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS). [Methods] Fresh P.cocos was used as the test sample. Volatile components were enriched by dynamic headspace adsorption, and the differences in volatile components between the flesh and peel were analyzed by GC -MS. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify the main active components responsible for these differences. [Results] A total of 110 volatile compounds were detected from the peel and flesh of P.cocos, including 27 unique components in the flesh and 28 unique components …

Preparation And Certification Of Matrix Reference Material For Zearalenone In Whole Wheat Flour, Zhang Bing, Ye Jin, Li Peng, Wu Yu, Li Li, Dong Zemin, Wan Wengen, Wang Songxue

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To expand the varieties of matrix reference materials, improve the concentration levels of quantitative values, and meet the needs of market detection and scientific research, a matrix reference material for the compositional analysis of zearalenone (ZEN ) in whole wheat flour was developed. [Methods] Naturally contaminated wheat was used as the raw material, and the matrix reference material was prepared through cleaning, milling, and homogenization processes. It was vacuum -packed in aluminum foil pouches and sterilized by irradiation. The effects of grinding particle size and mixing time on the homogeneity of ZEN were investigated. Value assignment was conducted using …

Measurement Uncertainty Assessment For Total Aerobic Bacterial Count And Coliforms In Cooked Foods According To Rb/T 228, Liu Weiping, Wan Jianchun, Han Ying, Jiang Pengfei, Li Shixiang

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To evaluate the measurement uncertainty in the determination of total plate count and coliform bacteria in cooked foods, thereby improving the accuracy of test results. [Methods] The plate counting methods specified in GB 4789.2—2022 and GB 4789.3—2025 were employed to detect 18 cooked food samples under two conditions (A and B ). The combined standard uncertainty (uc(y)) and expanded uncertainty (U=2×uc(y)) were calculated in accordance with RB/T 228—2023. [Results] Based on intralaboratory reproducibility, the uc(y) for total plate count determination was 0.030 3 (U=0.060 6), and that for coliform bacteria determination was 0.179 7 (U=0.359 7). When all uncertainty …

Magnetic Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers For The Extraction And Analysis Of Tetracycline Residues From Fish Meat, Ye Run, Zhao Lei, Li Yuanxin, Cai Jing, Sun Wei, Chen Qiong, Zhang Wenqian

Food and Machinery

[Objective] This study aims to prepare magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs ) via a sol -gel method using tetracycline (TC) as the template molecule, and to combine them with spectrophotometry for the enrichment and detection of TC residues in fish meat. [Methods] Activated carbon (LAC ) is prepared from Magnolia grandiflora seeds using 60% (w/w) phosphoric acid solution as the activator. Magnetic activated carbon (MLAC ) is then obtained by co -precipitation -based magnetization of LAC. Using MLAC as the carrier and TC as the template molecule, MMIPs are synthesized, and their adsorption performance toward TC is investigated. The …

Geographical Origin Tracing Of Soybeans Using Electronic Tongue And Electronic Eye Combined With Multi-Level Information Fusion Based On Informer-Swin Transformer, Li Xin, Wang Zhiqiang, Han Tianrui, Xu Suchao

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To achieve rapid traceability detection of soybeans from different geographical origins. [Methods] A novel method for rapid soybean origin traceability is proposed based on the fusion of information from electronic tongue and electronic eye. The electronic tongue and electronic eye are used to collect taste fingerprint and visual image information, respectively, from soybeans of different origins. To address the differences between the temporal sequence features of electronic tongue signals and the spatial image features of electronic eye data, Informer and Swin Transformer are respectively employed to extract key features from the two types of data. A dual -modal feature …

Rapid Detection Of Tomato Nutritional Components Based On Nirs And Pso-Lightgbm, Shi Lichun, Wang Songwei, Wang Zhizhong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To achieve rapid, non -destructive, and high -precision detection of six nutritional components in tomatoes, including dry matter, soluble sugar, total acid, vitamin C, soluble solids, and lycopene. [Methods] A tomato nutritional component detection model based on near -infrared spectroscopy (NIRS ) combined with light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM ) optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO ) algorithm (PSO -LightGBM ) was proposed. Using the six nutritional components as detection indicators, near -infrared spectral data (scanning range:400~2 500 nm) were collected from 471 tomato samples. Seven preprocessing methods were compared, and the optimal combination of standard normal variate …

A Non-Destructive Appearance Quality Detection Method For Primary-Processed Crayfish Based On Improved Yolov 11, Wang Xujia, Wang Shuqing, Hu Haoyu

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To achieve rapid and non -destructive online detection of the appearance quality of crayfish during primary processing and to improve detection accuracy and real -time performance in complex scenarios. [Methods] A dataset for crayfish appearance quality is constructed for complex scenarios on primary -processing production lines, and a crayfish appearance quality detection algorithm YOLO -CQ based on YOLOv 11n is proposed. DualConv is introduced to improve the C 3k2 module, enhancing the model's feature extraction capability while optimizing the allocation of computational resources. Deformable attention (DAT ) is integrated into the C 2PSA module, enabling the model to adaptively …

Design And Experimental Study On Drying Performance Of A Belt-Type Gas Jet Impingement Dryer, Liu Xinhan, Ju Haoyu, Zhang Weipeng, Geng Yahui, Miao Huan, Hou Liyuan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To address the issues of uneven product quality, limited loading capacity, and the inability to achieve continuous drying in existing gas jet impingement dryers, a novel belt -type gas jet impingement dryer is designed to enhance the practicality and drying performance of the equipment. [Methods] The belt -type gas jet impingement dryer mainly consists of an airflow distribution chamber, a drying chamber, a centrifugal fan, a temperature control system, and a transmission system. The conveyor belt speed, airflow temperature, and air velocity can be adjusted according to the different materials. Simulations are conducted using Fluent software for airflow distribution …

Effects And Mechanisms Of Electrostatic Field-Assisted Temperature Rising On Inhibiting Color Browning Of Modified Atmosphere-Packaged Lamb Ribs During 10 ℃ Storage, Huang Zhiji, Wang Rong, Chen Bingyan, Zhu Lewei, Li Xinwei, Lin Yiqin, Lin Lijuan, Liu Yun, Lin Xiaozi, Li Weixin

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To address the problem of browning and oxidation in meat products processed from frozen lamb during shelf life. [Methods] Frozen sliced lamb ribs during temperature elevation were treated with an electrostatic field and then packaged using modified atmosphere packaging with different gas compositions. The samples were stored at 10 ℃ after packaging, and meat color, total viable count, oxidation level, and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured at 0,48,72, and 96 h of storage. [Results] After treatment with a 25 kV electrostatic field for 30 min, samples packaged under high -oxygen conditions (70% O2+30% CO2, EO group ) showed significantly …

Preparation And Performance Characterization Of An Anthocyanin-Based Intelligent Indicating Composite Film For Monitoring The Freshness Of Fish Meat, Zhang Jinfeng, Wang Guanghui, Wang Peng, Chai Yunlei, Gao Zhen

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To develop an anthocyanin -based intelligent film that can rapidly respond to freshness of fish meat and has a certain degree of antibacterial properties. [Methods] Zein (ZH) and chitosan (CS) are used as the film -forming matrix, anthocyanin as the indicator, glycerol as the enhancer, and nisin as the antibacterial additive to prepare the anthocyanin -based intelligent film. With tensile strength (TS) and carbon dioxide transmittance as indicators, three factors -CS/ZH blending ratio, glycerol addition amount, and volume of coating, are selected for single -factor experiments. On the basis of the single -factor experiments, a response surface experiment is …

Analysis And Evaluation Of Nutritional And Flavor Components Of Three Economic Shellfish, Li Hongyan, Liu Zhenlu, Liu Tianhong, Wang Ying, Zhang Shuaizhong, Zhang Tong, Sun Yikang

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To analyze and evaluate the nutritional and flavor components of three shellfish species, namely Ostrea rivularis, Meretrix meretrix, and Scapharca subcrenata, naturally growing by seabed seeding along the Binzhou coast. [Methods] The conventional nutritional components, amino acids, fatty acids, major mineral elements, bioactive substances, free amino acids, nucleotides, quaternary ammonium compounds, organic acids, and volatile flavor compounds of the three shellfish species were analyzed, and their nutritional quality was evaluated. [Results] O.rivularis, M.meretrix, and S.subcrenata all exhibited high protein, low fat, and high ash contents, and were rich in glycogen and taurine. Among them, O.rivularis and M.meretrix had higher …

Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Process Optimization And In Vitro Activity Of Flavonoids From Nongxiangxing Baijiu Zaopei, Qian Yuefei, Wang Feng, Wang Yuhong, Long Tingyu, Zhang Yuxuan

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To shorten the extraction time and increase the extraction yield of flavonoids from Nongxiangxing Baijiu Zaopei, and to identify the components and clarify the effectiveness of these flavonoids. [Methods] Nongxiangxing Baijiu Zaopei is used as the raw material and treated by the ultrasound -microwave -assisted aqueous two -phase extraction. With the total flavonoid extraction yield as the indicator, the extraction process is optimized by a response surface experiment. Then, the composition of the flavonoids from Zaopei is identified by ultra -high performance liquid chromatography -triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC -QQQ -MS). Additionally, their effects on antioxidant reagents, α-amylase, …