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Articles 1831 - 1860 of 2109
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
A Study On Endocrine Cells In The Midgut Of Agrotis Segetum (Denn.And Schiff.) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae), Nursel Gül, Hakki Sayar, Nesri̇n Özsoy, Cevat Ayvali
A Study On Endocrine Cells In The Midgut Of Agrotis Segetum (Denn.And Schiff.) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae), Nursel Gül, Hakki Sayar, Nesri̇n Özsoy, Cevat Ayvali
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The structure of midgut endocrine cells of Agrotis segetum larvae was examined by light and electron microscopy. It was observed that the endocrine cells were located on the basal lamina and among the columnar epithelial cells of the midgut. The cells were morphologically determined as columnar or coniform. The cytoplasm of endocrine cells was observed to contain rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, developed Golgi complex, vesicles and numerous small secretory granules. It was also observed that the secretory granules were often located in the basal region of the endocrine cells.
The Structure Of Baculum In Myotis Myotis And Myotis Blythi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) From Turkey, İrfan Albayrak, Nursel Aşan
The Structure Of Baculum In Myotis Myotis And Myotis Blythi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) From Turkey, İrfan Albayrak, Nursel Aşan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A comparison was made of the shape and size of the bacula of 32 Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) and 26 Myotis blythi (Tomes, 1857) collected from Turkey. It was determined that baculum size does not distinguish the two species but baculum shape distinguishes them.
A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifera Fauna Of Devegeçidi Dam Lake (Diyarbakır-Turkey), Aysel Bekleyen
A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifera Fauna Of Devegeçidi Dam Lake (Diyarbakır-Turkey), Aysel Bekleyen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, Rotifera fauna of Devegeçidi dam lake was taxonomically investigated between April 1995 and December 1996. Thirty-four species belonging to the phylum Rotifera were identified, all of which were new for this lake. Three species (Brachionus caudatus, Lecane (M.) scutata and Testudinella truncata) were new records for Turkish inland waters.
New Rumen Ciliates From Turkish Domestic Cattle (Bos Taurus L.): 3. Entodinium Oektemae N. Sp. And Entodinium Imaii N. Sp. (Entodiniidae, Entodiniomorphida), Bayram Göçmen, Murat Tosunoğlu, Beri̇a Falakali Mutaf
New Rumen Ciliates From Turkish Domestic Cattle (Bos Taurus L.): 3. Entodinium Oektemae N. Sp. And Entodinium Imaii N. Sp. (Entodiniidae, Entodiniomorphida), Bayram Göçmen, Murat Tosunoğlu, Beri̇a Falakali Mutaf
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Certain entodiniid ciliates, somewhat different from those previously described (1), were observed the during examination of the rumen contents of 30 adult domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.) in the vicinity of Izmir. We propose that these new forms should be taxonomically named Entodinium oektemae n. sp. and Entodinium imaii n. sp. The frequencies Entodinium oektemae n. sp. and Entodinium imaii n. sp. were 6.67% 16.67% respectively. The main characteristics of these two species are described in detail and discussed in comparison with those of the previously reported ones.
A Study On Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Species In Gökçeada And Bozcaada, Fi̇li̇z İnanç, Ahmet Beyarslan
A Study On Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Species In Gökçeada And Bozcaada, Fi̇li̇z İnanç, Ahmet Beyarslan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Samples were collected from the islands of Gökçeada and Bozcaada between 1996 and 1997. A total of 28 species belonging to 7 genera of Microgastrinae were determined. The species which are new records for the Turkish fauna are Apanteles brunnistigma Abdinbekova, Dolichogenidea cheles (Nixon), D. lacteicolor (Viereck), D. petrovae (Walley), D. subemarginata (Abdinbekova), Choeras parasitellae (Bouché), Glyptapanteles acasta (Nixon), Cotesia setebis (Nixon), and Microplitis docilis Nixon.
Use Of A Discriminant Function For The Morphometric And Meristic Separation Of Whiting Stocks, Merlangius Merlangus Euxinus, Along The Turkish Black Sea Coast, Ali̇ İşmen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Stock differentiation studies of whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus, from the Turkish Black Sea coast were carried out using morphometric and meristic characters and applying the generalised distance of Mahalanobis. Fifteen morphometric measurements, together with eleven meristic characters, were used in the analyses. Insufficient differences (P>0.01) in general phenotypic and genotypic characteristics implied the existence of a single unit stock. Samples taken in different periods showed lower similarity than those taken in the same periods.
A Study On The Bony Fishes Caught In The South Of The Sea Of Marmara By Bottom Trawling And Their Morphologies, Lütfi̇ye Soyal Eryilmaz
A Study On The Bony Fishes Caught In The South Of The Sea Of Marmara By Bottom Trawling And Their Morphologies, Lütfi̇ye Soyal Eryilmaz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A total of 572 specimens of bony fish were obtained as a result of bottom trawling at 47 stations by R/V Arar of the University of Istanbul at the south of the Sea of Marmara, in 1992 and 1995. Upon analysis of these specimens, it was revealed that 49 bony fish species, including 5 subspecies, belonging to 30 families were found, and their diagnostic characteristics, the place and the depth where they were caught are given. The presence of Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838), known from the Black Sea, was determined in the Sea of Marmara in this study. The majority …
Quantitative Estimation Of Ddt By Glc In Different Strains Of Musca Domestica L. By Using Hexane As Well As Diethyl Ether, Kahkashan Akhtar, Syed Naim-Ul-Hasan Naqvi
Quantitative Estimation Of Ddt By Glc In Different Strains Of Musca Domestica L. By Using Hexane As Well As Diethyl Ether, Kahkashan Akhtar, Syed Naim-Ul-Hasan Naqvi
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Estimation of DDT by GLC (gas liquid chromatography) in the PCSIR strain of Musca domestica L. Shows that 59.69 ng/fly DDT was found in the sample extracted with hexane and 55.74 ng/fly in the sample extracted with diethyl ether after treatment with 2.0 ug/fly. In the Holland strain, 18.3 ng/fly DDT was found in the sample extracted with hexane and 17.1 ng/fly in the sample extracted with diethyl ether. In the Malir strain 4.35 ng/fly DDT was found in the sample extracted with hexane and 1.29 ng/fly in the sample extracted with diethyl ether.
Histological Investigations On The Neurosecretory Cells In Thoracic And Abdominal Ganglia Of Melanogryllus Desertus (Pallas, 1771) (Orthoptera; Gryllidae), Esen M. Aydemi̇r, Gürsel Ergen
Histological Investigations On The Neurosecretory Cells In Thoracic And Abdominal Ganglia Of Melanogryllus Desertus (Pallas, 1771) (Orthoptera; Gryllidae), Esen M. Aydemi̇r, Gürsel Ergen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, three kinds of neurosecretory cells, which are called A, B and C-types, have been described in the thoracic and abdominal ganglia of adult Melanogryllus desertus (PALLAS, 1771), (Orthoptera; Gryllidae) by using paraldehyde fuchsine and azan staining methods at the light microscope level.
The Cladoceran And Copepod (Crustacea) Fauna Of İkizgöl (Bornova-İzmir), Mustafa Ruşen Ustaoğlu, Süleyman Balik, Cem Aygen, Di̇dem Özdemi̇r Mi̇s
The Cladoceran And Copepod (Crustacea) Fauna Of İkizgöl (Bornova-İzmir), Mustafa Ruşen Ustaoğlu, Süleyman Balik, Cem Aygen, Di̇dem Özdemi̇r Mi̇s
Turkish Journal of Zoology
With the aim of identifying cladoceran and copepod fauna of İkizgöl, which is situated 565 m above sea level on the southern slope of Yamanlar Mountain, plankton samples were collected monthly by plankton net horizontally and vertically, with a mesh size of 55µm between December 1994 and May 1996. Collected specimens were preserved in 4% formaldehyde. As a result, a total of 16 (12 cladoceran and 4 copepods) species were identified from İkizgöl.
Some Biological Characteristics Of Silurus Triostegus Heckel, 1843 From Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey), Seyi̇t Ahmet Oymak, Kemal Solak, Erhan Ünlü
Some Biological Characteristics Of Silurus Triostegus Heckel, 1843 From Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey), Seyi̇t Ahmet Oymak, Kemal Solak, Erhan Ünlü
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, some biological characteristics such as age and sex composition, growth in length and weight, age-length, age-weight and length-weight relationships, condition factor spawning time, age of sexual maturity, and fecundity of Silurus triostegus in Atatürk Dam lake were investigated. The percentage of females was 48.3% and that of males 57.7% out of 623 specimens belonging to age groups I-XI. Isometric growth patterns were proved from the length-weight relationships. It was estimated that the females had higher Lo (202.85 cm) and lower low K (0.046871) values than males (Lo 113.98 cm and K = 0.101972). Mean condition factors of …
New Localities Extend The Range Of Rana Bedriagae Caralitana Arıkan, 1988 (Anura: Ranidae) Further West And Suggest Specific Status, Tarek Jdeidi, C. Can Bi̇lgi̇n, Meral Kence
New Localities Extend The Range Of Rana Bedriagae Caralitana Arıkan, 1988 (Anura: Ranidae) Further West And Suggest Specific Status, Tarek Jdeidi, C. Can Bi̇lgi̇n, Meral Kence
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Multivariate morphometric analyses revealed that the range of Rana bedriagae caralitana extends further west to include Çardak in Denizli (western Turkey). The presence of the forms caralitana and nominate bedriagae syntopically may indicate species status for the former.
On The Occurrence Of Niphargus Valachicus Dobreanu & Manolache, 1933 (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) In The Western Black Sea Region Of Turkey, Mehmet Akbulut, Murat Sezgi̇n, Mehmet Çulha, Levent Bat
On The Occurrence Of Niphargus Valachicus Dobreanu & Manolache, 1933 (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) In The Western Black Sea Region Of Turkey, Mehmet Akbulut, Murat Sezgi̇n, Mehmet Çulha, Levent Bat
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, the characteristic features, distribution and ecology of the amphipod Niphargus valachicus E. Dobreanu & C. Manolache, 1933 sampled at Sırakaraağaçlar Stream of Sinop, flowing into the Black Sea, are given. Four taxa of Niphargus genus, freshwater Amphipoda fauna have been identified in Turkey. In addition to these, Niphargus valachicus is a new record for the Turkish freshwater fauna.
Uloborus Walckenaerius Latreille 1806 (Araneae, Uloboridae), A Spider New To Turkish Fauna, Abdullah Bayram, M. Ali̇ Göven
Uloborus Walckenaerius Latreille 1806 (Araneae, Uloboridae), A Spider New To Turkish Fauna, Abdullah Bayram, M. Ali̇ Göven
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The morphological characteristics of Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806, which is recorded for the first time in Turkey, are given in this study.
Systematical Studies On The Genus Bracon (Glabrobracon) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Braconinae) In Ankara Province, Yasemi̇n Güler, Neşe Çağatay
Systematical Studies On The Genus Bracon (Glabrobracon) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Braconinae) In Ankara Province, Yasemi̇n Güler, Neşe Çağatay
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The present study includes the species Bracon (Glabrobracon ) osculator Nees, B. (G.) lividus Telenga, B. (G.) planinotus Tobias, B. (G.) tschitcherini Kokoujev, B. (G.) helleni Telenga, B. (G.) piger Wesmael, B. (G.) variator Nees from the genus Bracon Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Braconinae). Morphological descriptions and its general distribution and distribution in Turkey are given. Bracon (G.) planinotus Tobias and B. (G.) helleni Telenga were found to be new records for Turkish fauna.
A Study On The Heteroptera Fauna Of Bozcaada (Çanakkale Province), Özlem Özsaraç, Suat Kiyak
A Study On The Heteroptera Fauna Of Bozcaada (Çanakkale Province), Özlem Özsaraç, Suat Kiyak
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Ecological and faunistic information on 385 Heteropteran specimens, belonging to 38 species of 30 genera of 9 families, collected from Bozcaada, between May and September 1996, is given. Thirty-six of these 38 species are new records for the fauna of Bozcaada.
New Rumen Ciliates From Turkish Domestic Cattle ( Bos Taurus L.): 2. Epidinium Graini N. Sp. (Ophryoscolecidae, Entodiniomorphida), Bayram Göçmen
New Rumen Ciliates From Turkish Domestic Cattle ( Bos Taurus L.): 2. Epidinium Graini N. Sp. (Ophryoscolecidae, Entodiniomorphida), Bayram Göçmen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In the course of examining rumen contents obtained from 30 domestic cattle ( Bos taurus L.) in the vicinity of İzmir, Turkey, somewhat similar but unusual forms of epidinia were observed. These ciliated protozoa were observed in six of the animals with a frequency of 20.00%, and this study is concerned with their classification into a species, Epidinium graini n. sp. All the protozoa identified as belonging to this species were divided into three formae, E. graini f. graini n. f., E. graini f. caudatricoronatum n. f. and E. graini f. caudaquadricoronatum n. f.. These species have 2-4 transversally periplasmic …
The Ciliate Fauna In The Digestive System Of Rana Ridibunda(Amphibia: Anura) I: Balantidium (Balantidiidae, Trichostomatida), Naci̇ye Gülkiz Şenler, İsmai̇l Yildiz
The Ciliate Fauna In The Digestive System Of Rana Ridibunda(Amphibia: Anura) I: Balantidium (Balantidiidae, Trichostomatida), Naci̇ye Gülkiz Şenler, İsmai̇l Yildiz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Balantidium spp. living in the digestive system of Rana ridibunda in Van were determined. Five species belonging to the genus Balantidiumwere distinguished. Of these, one new species was recognized, described as Balantidium vanensisn. sp. This study reports for the first time the presence of B. helenae, B. claperedei and B. giganteumin the digestive system of R. ridibunda. These species are also new records for the protozoan fauna of Turkey. There was only B. duodeni in the duodenum and B. elongatum in the intestinal part next to the duodenum. The species of the genus Balantidium in the rectum constituted 50.21% of …
A Study On The Fishes Of Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea)Hatice Torcu, Zeliha Aka, Hati̇ce Torcu, Zeli̇ha Aka
A Study On The Fishes Of Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea)Hatice Torcu, Zeliha Aka, Hati̇ce Torcu, Zeli̇ha Aka
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This investigation was carried out for the determination of fish species living in Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea). Morphometric and meristic characters of fishes caught by trawl and various nets from five stations determined in Edremit Bay in the years 1996- 1997 were examined. Some morphological and ecological properties, local names and distributions to stations of 68 determined species are given. These species are new records for Edremit Bay of Aegean Sea.
A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifer Fauna Of Yedigöller (Bolu-Turkey), Ahmet Altindağ
A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifer Fauna Of Yedigöller (Bolu-Turkey), Ahmet Altindağ
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The study was carried out at Yedigöller (Turkey) between January and November, 1997. Thirty-one species of rotifers were identified, all of which were new for Yedigöller. Three species ( Dicronophorus caudatus, Synchaeta lokowitziana, Trichocerca bidens ) were new records for the Turkish fauna.
A Preliminary Study On The Ostracoda (Crustacea) Fauna Of Lake Aksehir, Selçuk Altinsaçli, Mustafa Kiliç, Songül Altinsaçli
A Preliminary Study On The Ostracoda (Crustacea) Fauna Of Lake Aksehir, Selçuk Altinsaçli, Mustafa Kiliç, Songül Altinsaçli
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, material was collected from Lake Aksehir in the years 1997 to 1999. The materials, collected from six localities, were evaluated and eleven speceis (Ilyocypris biplicata, Ilyocypris gibba, Candona angulata, Candona compressa, Candona neglecta, Eucypris zenkeri, Cyprinotus salinus, Heterocypris incongruens, Ilyodromus olivaceus, Cypridopsis vidua, Limnocythere inopinata) belonging to eight genera were determined.
Freshwater Isopod Species (Crustacea) Of Turkish Thrace And Their Distribution, Belgi̇n Çamur Eli̇pek, Ti̇mur Kirgiz
Freshwater Isopod Species (Crustacea) Of Turkish Thrace And Their Distribution, Belgi̇n Çamur Eli̇pek, Ti̇mur Kirgiz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study was undertaken to determine the freshwater Isopod fauna of Turkish Thrace. Samples were collected during the years 1985-1987, 1989-1992 and 1994-1997. According to the results, Asellus (Asellus) aquaticus(L.) Racovitza, Asellus (Asellus) hilgendorfiBovallius, Asellus (Proasellus) infirmus Birstein belonging to the genus Asellus of the Asellidae family and Jaera (Jaera) sarsi Valkanov belonging to the genus Jaeraof the Janiridae family were determined. Of the species, Asellus (Asellus) hilgendorfi Bovallius, Asellus (Proasellus) infirmus Birstein and Jaera (Jaera) sarsi Valkanov are new records for Turkey. The worldwide distributions of these species are included.
Compensatory Growth In Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus Labrax), Sea Bream ( Sparus Aurata) And Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Temel Şahi̇n, Bi̇lal Akbulut, Muharrem Aksungur
Compensatory Growth In Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus Labrax), Sea Bream ( Sparus Aurata) And Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Temel Şahi̇n, Bi̇lal Akbulut, Muharrem Aksungur
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The effects of a period of starvation and subsequent refeeding on the weight and length of sea bass, sea bream and rainbow trout reared at 17%o salinity and at different temperatures were investigated. The fish were starved for 3 weeks and then fed ad libitum by hand for 3 weeks in the 3 periods studied. The study provided evidence of the adaptation of the fish to starvation followed by what may be termed compensatory growth once feeding was resumed. The length changes of the fish indicate that the weight gains were due to grojth rather than increases in gut fat …
The Role Of Phenotypic Plasticity In Host Race Formation And Sympatric Speciation In Phytophagous Insects, Particularly In Aphids, Gazi̇ Görür
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The genetic structure of aphid populations has received increasing attention as a result of the evolution of insecticide resistance, the appearance of biotypes overcoming plant resistance and the increasing spread of aphid-born viruses. How can they manage to use different hosts and overcome insecticide and plants' morphological barriers? Recently, plasticity has been given more attention in ecological and evolutionary contexts as a specific adaptation to environmental variability. Phenotypic variation is crucial to a comprehension of evolutionary mechanisms, especially phenotypic host race formation and sympatric speciation in aphids. It is becoming clear that phenotypic plasticity is a fundamental component of evolutionary …
An Evaluation Of The Water Quality Of Yuvarlakçay Stream,In The Köycegiz-Dalyan Protected Area, Sw Turkey, Ni̇lgün Kazanci, Muzaffer Dügel
An Evaluation Of The Water Quality Of Yuvarlakçay Stream,In The Köycegiz-Dalyan Protected Area, Sw Turkey, Ni̇lgün Kazanci, Muzaffer Dügel
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The longitudinal and seasonal distribution of macroinvertebrates and the physical and chemical variables of Yuvarlak Stream in the Köycegiz-Dalyan Protected Area in South-Western Turkey were studied between April 1992 and April 1993. The diversity, frequency, dominance, abundance and similarity of macroinvertebrates through the year were recorded. In addition, the Belgian Biotic Index was used as a biological criterion for the assessment of water quality for the first time in Turkey. According to the physico-chemical variables and the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates, continuous slight and moderate organic pollution exists in the stream. The monitoring of the water quality of Yuvarlakçay Stream …
A Histochemical Study Of The Origin Regions Of The Triceps Muscle Of The Sparrow (Passer Domesticus), Fati̇me Geyi̇koğlu, Abdullah Özkaral
A Histochemical Study Of The Origin Regions Of The Triceps Muscle Of The Sparrow (Passer Domesticus), Fati̇me Geyi̇koğlu, Abdullah Özkaral
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The muscle fibers in the origin regions of the triceps muscle of Passer domesticuswere characterized histochemically on the basis of their myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) activity after acidic and alkaline preincubations. Muscle fibers were identified as type II (alkaline-stable/acid-labile mATPase activity) and type III (alkaline-stable/acid-stable mATPase activity). The number of type II fibers was higher in the muscle studied (83%) and this was found to be significant.
Some Reproduction Characteristics Of Capoeta Tinca (Heckel, 1843) Living In The Oltu Stream Of Çoruh Basin, Ayhan Yildirim, M. Sitki Aras
Some Reproduction Characteristics Of Capoeta Tinca (Heckel, 1843) Living In The Oltu Stream Of Çoruh Basin, Ayhan Yildirim, M. Sitki Aras
Turkish Journal of Zoology
913 specimens of Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843) were analysed in Oltu Stream-Çoruh Basin from August, 1994 to July, 1996. It was determined that the age distribution in the population varied between I and XII, but age group III was dominant in number. The sexual maturity of specimens in the population were complete at the age of II in males and III in females, and they spawned between May and July when water temperature was 16°C. Fecundity was on average 5561±833 eggs/female and was related to fork length, total weight, age and gonad weight.
The Metabolism Of Oxalic Acid, Mahmut Çalişkan
The Metabolism Of Oxalic Acid, Mahmut Çalişkan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Oxalic acid is a widely occurring natural product of animals, plants and other organisms. It sometimes occurs as a free acid, but more commonly as a calcium salt. Organisms exhibit various levels of oxalate content which even show fluctuations among the organs of the same individual. Although oxalate seems to engage in the metabolism and adaptation of animals, plants and fungi, its mechanism is far from being completely understood. There is now an appreciable body of information regarding the occurrence and significance of oxalic acid in living tissues but the data are widely scattered in various scientific areas due to …
A Study On The Hibernation Of Spermophilus Xanthoprymnus (Bennet, 1835) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şaki̇r Özkurt
A Study On The Hibernation Of Spermophilus Xanthoprymnus (Bennet, 1835) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şaki̇r Özkurt
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, the hibernation of ground squirrels ( Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) distributed in Central Anatolia were studied in laboratory and field conditions. According to our findings, the hibernation period of ground squirrels began at the end of August and terminated in mid February. The longest and shortest hibernation bouts of ground squirrels were found to be 100 and 21 days, respectively. In this period, the longest ununterrupted hibernation was 13 days. Ground squirrels gained weight during the early months of summer and then lost weight constantly throughout hibernation period. No marked periodic cycles were observed in the periods of weight …
Comparision Of Methods Used For Determination Of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (Tvb-N) In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Fati̇h Özoğul, Yeşi̇m Özoğul
Comparision Of Methods Used For Determination Of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (Tvb-N) In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Fati̇h Özoğul, Yeşi̇m Özoğul
Turkish Journal of Zoology
TVB-N (total volatile basic nitrogen) concentration in fish muscle was used as an index of freshness quality to compare the spoilage of rainbow trout wrapped in cling film and in aluminium foil. TVB-N levels in different muscle tissue and in the whole fish were measured every two days for a period of 16 days at 4-6°C. In addition, three different methods of determining of TVB-N were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, reliability, speed, and cost. Regardless of the method of analysis, there was an increase in the level of TVB-N during storage, especially after 7-9 days. In general, the trend …