Life Sciences Commons^™

Mileage Per First Service As Affected By Shape Of Area And Number Of Cows Serviced By A Technician Of A Utah Artificial Breeding Association, Geren V. Howell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Artificial insemination of dairy cattle is one of the recent enterprises of dairymen in this area. It is an enterprise which has expanded rapidly and will likely continue to expand during the next few years. In this area the technician or inseminator collects from $6.00 to $10.00 at the time of first service. This entitles the dairyman to two repeat inseminations for that cow, if necessary, to get the cow pregnant. Of this amount the technician receives $2.75. A bonus payment is made so that technicians inseminating fewer than 500 cows receive a total payment of $3.60. The bonus payment …

A Comparative Study Of Raw, Pasteurized, And Hydrogen Peroxide Treated Milk In The Production Of Swiss Cheese, John Darold Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

At the present time the Swiss cheese making process is a prolonged one requiring several operations and considerable space. The cheese is made in wheels weighing approximately 200 pounds and is covered by a thick rind. There is considerable waste in cutting these large wheels to fit the present merchandising methods.

Biology Of The Boxelder Bug In Cache Valley, Arab Bakir Al-Tikrity

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The boxelder bug, Leptocoria trivittatue (say), is a hanipterous insect belonging to the family corisidae. Although it rarely is a pest of agricultural crops, its habit of invading homes and other buildings for hibernation and to warm itself has made it an annoying household pest. It has proven to be a difficult insect to control. Only a few of the contact insecticides, useful in control of related insect pests, have given satisfactory control of the Boxelder Bug. Because it has not been considered a critical problem, it has not received detailed attention from the scientific investigators. Its close association with …

A Method Of Estimating Fishing Pressure And Harvest As Used On Logan River, Utah, Albert Frank Regenthal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Completely accurate statements of fishing pressure and harvest can only result from an ennumeration of all anglers and their catch. On most bodies of water it has not been economically feasible for management agencies to effect a complete census of fishermen and harvest. Practically, absolute accuracy is not necessary for management. The development of creel census methods resulting in estimates of known accuracy, yet requiring only a practical outlay of time and money, would be a step toward more effective management.

A Survey Of Extension Work In Wildlife Management And The Development Of A Guide To Wildlife Extension Work In Utah, Edwin V. Rawley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The most efficient wildlife research programs and the most satisfactory methods of applying their results are greatly enhanced if the information is present in such an interesting and understandable manner that it becomes of practical value of the people. Extension education has the function of translating the results of research into usable form and presenting it to the people. The development of a wildlife extension program is based on the needs of the people, and the various phases of the program are designed to meet and solve wildlife problems confronting the people. The purposes of this study are: 1. To …

The Uptake Of Iron By Bean Plants As Influenced By Age, And Calcium And Bicarbonate Ions In Solution Cultures, Michael Marcour

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Chlorosis of the foliage of higher plants has constituted a severe fertility problem in many areas of the world. It has been reported in no less than 30 countries. It has manifested itself in the western states and has usually been associated with a high CaCO₃ content in the soil.

This chlorosis does not always result from lack or unavailability of one of the essential elements, but can result from several conditions around the plant roots or psychological processes taking place within the plant. Both the absence of iron in the Boil and conditions which provoke its unavailability to …

Attitudes Of School Administrators And Instructors Of Vocational Agricultural Education In Utah, Horace L. Morrill Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Whether or not to provide post-high school education for the farm youth and adult is a highly controversial issue facing many school administrators and teachers of vocational agriculture in Utah today. If one is to start farming and make continuous progress until he becomes a full-fledged farmer it requires several years of training beyond the high school vocational agricultural period. This is because of a lack of maturity and a lack of time, during the high school period, when the individual must and should get a general education.

Many of our present day high schools do not build their curriculum …

A Study Of The Craft Activities In Summer Recreation Programs In Relationship To Weber County, Utah, Leonard W. Glismann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A quick observation in this modern world makes one realize the great problem of leisure time that is upon us. Man is working fewer hours and retirements are at a younger age. Now man finds himself poorly prepared to cope with the situation. In our schools today millions of dollars are spent teaching art, crafts, dramatics, music, and physical education in an attempt to train for leisure, yet we spend a comparatively little amount of money for continuing these activities in out-of-school hours.

Control Of Pheasant Eye As It Affects Yield And Other Related Factors In Winter Wheat, Ray J. Downs

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pheasant eye (Adonis annua L.), a native of Europe, is commonly cultivated as an ornamental, but occasionally escapes into fields and waste places. It is prevalent in certain areas in the United States, especially southward, on heavy soils that are inadequately drained (20). This plant is one of a number of early maturing winter annual weeds that infests dryland wheat in northern Utah, and it has become a problem in certain lowland areas.

This weed cannot be controlled by usual cultural practices because it makes most of its growth during the time of the year when the soil is …

An Investigation Concerning The Incidence And Pathogenicity Of Pentatrichomonas Gallinarum And Its Relationship To Histomonas Meleagridis In Turkeys In Utah, Ross S. Hadfield

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Turkey raising has become big business. During the period 1942 to 1946, the average annual return in Utah amounted to about nine and one-half million dollars (4). This amount would have been increased considerably if the death loss among poults had been lower. As an example, using the percentage of mortality given by Miner (9, p. 5), it is estimated that the death-loss of turkeys in 1944 resulted in a loss of gross income by the farmers of Utah of more than four million dollars provided that the price the farmer received had remained the same.

Among the prevalent causes …

The Consumptive Use Of Water In Milford Valley, Utah, Terrel R. Tovey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Consumptive use, as used in this thesis, is defined as the sum of the volumes of water used by the vegetative growth of a given area in transpiration and building of plant tissue and that evaporated from adjacent soil, snow, or intercepted precipitation of the area in any specified time, divided by the given area. If the unit of time is small, the consumptive use is expressed in acre-inches per acre or depth in inches, whereas, if the unit of time is large, such as growing season or a 12-month period, the consumptive use is expressed as acre-feet per acre …

Factors Affecting The California Quail Populations In Uintah County, Utah, R. Lynn Nielson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The California Quail is native to the coastal and semi-arid regions of California extending north into Oregon. Two subspecies are commonly recognized. the California Quail (Lophortyx californica brunnescens Ridgway), and the Valley Quail (Lophortyx californica californica Shaw). The two forms are very similar in coloration and habits and, for the purpose of this study, no effort is made to distinguish the two.

The Iron Content Of Some Plants As Influenced By Conditions Associated With Lime-Induced Chlorosis, Robert E. Warnock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Throughout much of western United States the soils contain considerable calcium carbonate. This lime is either distributed throughout the soils profile or it occurs in a zone of accumulation at varying depths. On many of these soils certain plants exhibit a chlorosis in varying intensity. This chlorotic condition is not stable as it varies from year to year and even day to day with changing conditions of climate and soil. this chlorosis has been reported from the wine and fruit regions of Europe, from the pineapple and sugar cane areas of Puerto Rico and Florida, from the sorghum and bean …

The Etiology Of Apricot Scorch In Utah County, Utah, Joseph Tarbet Woolley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the summer of 1944 a disease of apricots in Utah County, Utah, was brought to the attention of the staff of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. This disease was characterized by a scorched appearance of the edges of the leaves and therefore was called "apricot scorch."

The typical symptoms of apricot scorch are a scorching and curling of the margins of the leaves. The "scorched" area usually turns a characteristic reddish-brown color, but sometimes is quite light brown or gray. The injury starts at the margins of the leaves and works inward in "waves" first scorching the marginal portion …

Zinc Deficiency In Soils As Affected By Soluble Phosphate, Glen E. Leggett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Zinc deficiency in Utah is found in about 7 per cent of the orchards. The severity varies from minor cases to sever instances in which many of the trees have died. The areas where zinc deficiency is found are becoming more extensive as land cultivation continues.

The treatment of the disorder is expensive and must be repeated often, for it cannot be overcome by the addition of zinc to the soils. The soils in Utah seem to have ample zinc, but in areas where zinc deficiency occurs it apparently is in a form which is not available for plant growth. …

The Effects Of Salt Content And Temperature On Eye Formation In Swiss Cheese, Kenneth B. Creer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The size, shape, and handling of the large swiss cheese wheels have given rise to problems of labor, marketing, and waste in cutting. At the present time, there is a trend to produce a smaller swiss cheese which will enable the manufacturer and marketing agencies to overcome the difficulties in handling the large wheels.

A Management Study Of The Idaho-Utah Interstate Deer Herd With Special Reference To The Sublett, Black Pine, And East Raft River Mountain Unit, Kenneth L. Diem

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Extensive deer migrations have been observed for many, years in western mountain regions. More recently several complex interstate migrations have become the objects of careful study and the subjects of special wildlife movement programs. The interstate deer migrations between the Sublett-Black Pine, Idaho, areas and the East Raft River Mountain, Utah, area are not exceptional. These migrations are now of such a magnitude that they are creating management problems of increasing importance to the 2 states involved.

Ascorbic Acid And Glucose: Their Relation To Rheumatic Fever In Utah, And Their Relation To Incidence Of Dental Caries In Idaho, Patricia Wood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Diseases which in the sixteenth century were found to be related to a deficiency of some substance in the natural foods consumed in the diet were later known as deficiency diseases. As early as 1881, Lunin found that rats could not live on a purified diet of carbohydrate, fat, protein and minerals, but could exist on a diet supplemented with certain natural foods. These findings were found to be in agreement with records of early descriptions of deficiency diseases. Scurvy was recognized very early in voyages made across oceans where ships had no means of being re-provisioned. Progress was very …

Factors Determining Fruit Set And Seed Development In Artificially Pollinated Tomatoes, Charles Howard Henry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Commercial plantings of tomato hybrids will give increases in earliness and yield because of hybrid vigor, but seed costs become a limiting factor. The necessity of hand-pollination makes the production of first generation hybrid tomato seed a costly enterprise. Failures of fruit set and seed development in artificially pollinated tomatoes are two contributing causes for the increased cost of F₁ seed.

The purpose of this investigation is to study some basic factors influencing these failures and to find ways of increasing fruit set and number of seeds per fruit.

The scope in addition to the field studies described includes …

The Effect Of Feeding Sucrose To Beef And Swine On The Percentage Of Carbohydrate, Ph, Color, Texture, And Flavor Of Muscle And Liver, Margaret B. Merkley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carbohydrates have long been a part of animal feeding rations. Grains are included in all animal feeding formulas. The by-products of sugar beets have been used for many years in livestock feeding (Kutish 1950b). The use of molasses in commercial feed mixes in 1899 made possible its extended use in animal feeding practices (Hall 1950).

Protein feeds for cattle are relatively high in price and not available in adequate supply. With these facts in mind Culbertson of Iowa State College set up experiments in 1950 to find out whether part or all of the protein supplement could be replaced with …

An Ecological Study Of The Utah Sculpin Cottus Bairdi Semiscaber In Logan River, Utah, William Merle Zarbock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study of the Utah sculpin Cottus bairdi semiscaber, or Rocky Mountain bullhead as it is known locally on Logan River, Utah, is primarily one of determining its relation to game fish. Field work for this study began in 1949 and continued to March of 1951. Numbers of the Utah sculpin on Logan River have been estimated to be as high as 150 per tenth mile of stream. The larger populations are in the area of the third impoundment on Logan River and downstream.

An Economic Study Of Rats (Genus Rattus) In Cache County, Utah, John Vincent Bruce

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The most destructive animals in the world are rats (Rattus sp.). The annual destruction caused by rats in the United States is not known. but it has been estimated to be $189,000,000, according to Silver (1942) of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Silver states that our nation’s farmers lose approximately $6,000,000 annually. Rats not only eat vast amounts of food meant for human and livestock consumption, but they contaminate and waste as much or more than they eat. Rats are able to gnaw into buildings, grain bins, and other places were food and shelter are available to …

The Opercular Bone As An Indicator Of Age And Growth Of The Carp Cyprinus Carpio Linnaeus, William J. Mcconell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As part of an investigation of the non-game fish resources of Utah, a study of the age and growth rate of the carp was instituted. A preliminary investigation indicated that the opercular method was superior to several other methods of determining age and growth in the carp. Age and growth were calculated from the opercular bones of 330 carp collected at Ogden Bay Refuge in 1950-51. Distances to annuli were measured directly. The relationship between the posterior radius of the opercular bone and the standard length of the carp was curvilinear. Past growth was calculated with a logarithmic nomograph. Expected …

Crossing Techniques, Method Of Seedling Establishment, And Inheritance Studies Of Plant Color And Pubescence Conducted On Pubescent Wheatgrass Agropyron Trichophorum (Link) Richt, A. Morris Decker Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In about half of the angiosperm species the gamete chromosome number is a multiple of that found in some related species. This and the fact that polyploidy has such a pronounced effect on plant physiology and growth, as pointed out by Noggle, serve only to emphasize the importance of understanding more about polyploid genetics.

The Yield And Thiamine, Riboflavin, And Niacin Content Of Alfalfa Hay As Related To Fertilizer Treatment Of Soil, Rasik L. Pathak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Alfalfa has long been recognised as an outstanding hay plant in terms of both yield and feeding value. It is high in digestible proteins minerals, and vitamins. Because of its long life. it can be economlcally produced. It is of exceptlonal value in maintalning soil fertility by helping to control erosion, by improving the physical condition of the soil, and by accumulating large amounts of nitrogen.

The Effect Of Common Contaminants On Cheese Starter, Ivan R. Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Starter is the "heart" of the cheese making industry. Only by proper handling of starter can good quality cheese be made. The economic loss from contaminated starter may prove disastrous to a cheese plant if proper corrective measures are not taken.

Milk usually contains a variety of bacteria. Under plant conditions some of these bacteria get into the mother starter or bulk starter unless extreme caution is used. Comparatively little is known about how one organism influences another when grown in milk. This problem is important in the cheese industry.

Age And Growth Of The Green Sunfish Lepomis Cyanellus Rafinesque In Northern Utah, Young E. Wright

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque is a member of the sunfish family Centrarchidae. Curtis (1949) states that all members of the sunfish family are native only to North America, and are primarily warm-water fish. According to Jordan and Evermann (1934) the green sun-fish is generally abundant in all suitable waters from central Ohio and Indiana to the Rio Grande. Forbes and Richardson (1920) give the general distribution of the green sunfish to be from the Great Lakes to Mexico, the Mississippi Valley, and everywhere in small sluggish streams except east of the Alleghanies and in Canada. The green sunfish …

Life History Of The Utah Sculpin Cottus Bairdi Semiscaber (Cope) In Logan River, Utah, William M. Zarbook

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study of the Utah sculpin in Logan River was based on 801 specimens collected during 1949 to March 1951. Numbers of fish examined for various catagories of the study wares length-frequency, 495; aging by vertebrae, 407; length-weight relationship, 601; and food habits, 275.

Fish were collected by use of an electric shocking machine generating 600 watts and 220 volts. Numbers of fish occurred as high as 150 per tenth mile of stream. Preferred habitats occurred in areas of coarse gravel and small rocks.

Vertebrae dissected from the fish were used in age determination. Length-frequency proved to be a general …

Age And Growth Of The Brown Trout Salmo Trutta Fario Linnaeus In Logan River, Utah, William Sigler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Logan River flowing southwesterly through the mountains of Cache County, Utah is comparatively cold to the mouth of Logan Canyon. The stream is characterized by steep gradient, a high velocity and relatively few pools. A total of 1053 brown trout were examined during the course of this study; 286 were retained for age and growth determinations. The body-scale relationship is L = 40.46 mm. + 0.44185R + 0.01908R² where L equals standard length in millimeters, and R equals scale radius times 80. The relationship of standard length to weight is described by the formula W = 0.000022 L …

The Food Of Pond Fish In Northern Utah, Robert L. Eberhardt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of ponds in northern Utah supplied mainly by artesian water was poisoned with rotenone during 1949-50. Four hundred and seventy-three fish were obtained for a food habits study, and of these fish, 423, or 89 percent, had food in their stomachs. The species studied were largemouth bass, green sunfish, common bluegill, and black bullhead. Largemouth bass had the widest variety of diet throughout the year but also had the highest percentage of empty stomachs. Green sunfish and black bullhead had the least diverse food habits. Twenty-nine different food items were recorded; those used most commonly were green sunfish, …