Life Sciences Commons^™

Mineral Composition Of Serially Slaughtered Holstein Steers Supplemented With Zilpaterol Hydrochloride, Andrea K. Watson, Trent J. Mcevers, Lee-Anne J. Walter, Nathan D. May, Jacob A. Reed, J. C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson, N. Andy Cole, Johnjohn P. Hutcheson, Ty E. Lawrence

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Calf-fed Holstein steers (n = 115; 449 ± 20 kg) were utilized in a serial harvest experiment. A baseline group of five steers was harvested after 226 d on feed (DOF), which was designated day 0. The remaining cattle were assigned randomly to 11 harvest groups, with slaughter every 28 d. Cattle were either not (CON) or were fed zilpaterol hydrochloride for 20 d followed by a 3 d withdrawal (ZH). There were five steers per treatment in each slaughter group ranging from days 28 to 308. Whole carcasses were divided into lean, …

Free Calcium Concentration, Calpain-2 Activity, And Final Product Tenderness Of Electrically Stimulated Beef, B J. Buseman, T M. Weber, J A. Nasados, P D. Bass, J B. Van Buren, J M. Lancaster, J H. Smart, M E. Doumit, G K. Murdoch, W J. Price, K Insausti, M J. Colle

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of timing of electrical stimulation on free calcium concentration, calpain-2 activity, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and consumer sensory analysis. Twenty-three beef steers were harvested and stimulated (S) using extra-low voltage or not stimulated (NS), at exsanguination and/or 1 h postmortem, resulting in 4 different stimulation treatments: NS-NS, NS-S, S-NS, or S-S. Samples were removed from the longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) for free calcium and calpain-2 analysis on days 1, 4, and 14 postmortem. WBSF and sensory analysis steaks were removed on day 4 and frozen (4 d) or …

Effect Of Calcium Supplement On Eyesight Of Western Tiger Salamanders, Abigail Horner, Dennis Ferraro

UCARE Research Products

There has been some discussion in herpetoculture about adding calcium supplements to the diets of salamanders. Adding calcium supplements to a salamander’s diet has been indicated to contribute to blindness. Calcium supplements are usually given to reptiles and amphibians to prevent dietary deficiencies, particularly metabolic bone disease. The link between lack of calcium and metabolic bone disease is well established in reptiles, but is lacking significant research with regards to amphibians. Within the eye of a salamander, there are calcium channels that mediate photosynthetic rods in the absence of light. With a calcium rich diet, it is believed that these …

Lactose Intolerance: An Overview Of The Facts And Their Implications, Noelle M. Yeo

Honors Theses

Lactose intolerance is often blamed for the symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, and nausea, that ail many people. Patients often do not seek proper diagnosis from a physician and create their own treatment plans, severely restricting lactose intake, without professional guidance. Even those who do seek the care of a physician find that diagnosis is complicated by less-than ideal testing and confusion due to the symptoms common to many other conditions. The misconceptions and inability to confirm a diagnosis of lactose intolerance can cause nutrient deficiencies in these patients, as well as begin a pattern of unnecessary …

The Influence Of Diet And Oxidation On Calcium Retention Of The Mitochondria In Fresh Beef, Emery K. Wilkerson

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Distillers grains (DG) contribute to cattle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane instability by increasing poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in the SR membrane, possibly resulting in early postmortem calcium (Ca) leakage and improved tenderness. Mitochondria are relatively easy to isolate intact and provide the opportunity to study Ca in an SR model. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of diet and oxidation on Ca release from mitochondria. Cattle (n=48) were fed a corn-based finishing diet with or without deoiled, dried DG (50% DM basis). Steaks from each strip loin were aged for 2, 8, 14, and 21 …

Longevity Of Mineral Supplements Within The Soil And Associated Use By White-Tailed Deer, Brian C. Peterson, Keith D. Koupal, Andrew K. Schissel, Cody M. Siegel

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Humans have baited wildlife such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for generations with the primary purpose of increasing hunting harvest success. Baiting regulation changes are often considered by state management agencies as they pertain to hunting opportunity, fair chase, and disease risk. Cervids require a variety of minerals to supplement biological processes, especially sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). We developed artificial mineral supplement sites set in front of trail cameras to monitor deer use. Pooled soil samples were collected at mineral sites and compared to the surrounding area to determine the longevity of elevated minerals levels …

A Pilot Study Of The Relationship Of Calcium Intake And Frequency Of Injuries In High School Athletes, Jeffrey K. Ebert

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Little information is available related to adolescent calcium intake and relationships with injuries they might suffer from sport participation. To determine calcium intake of high school athletes, to assess their self reported injury rates, and to examine the relationship between the two over a 12 month period of time. Participants received a questionnaire at their school and completed it anywhere they found convenient. Adolescent athletes in the Lincoln Public School system (n=43) that participated in at least one sport in the past year. Four age groups participated in the study with sixteen year olds having a significantly higher calcium intake …

Soil Properties And Macro Cations Status Impacted By Long-Term Applied Poultry Litter, Zhongqi He, Irenus A. Tazisong, Zachary N. Senwo, Donglin Zhang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Most ethnic populations worldwide consume poultry products. Whereas poultry litter (PL) is a traditionally inexpensive and effective fertilizer to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity, overapplication to soils has raised concerns because excess nutrients in runoff could accelerate the eutrophication of fresh bodies of water. A long-term field experiment of land application of PL to soils used for pasture growth has been maintained for nearly two decades in the Sand Mountain region of north Alabama, USA. In this work, several soil parameters impacted by the long-term applied litter were characterized. The findings clearly support previous general observations that long-term applied …

Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A small number (<2%) of mammalian retinal ganglion cells express the photopigment melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Light depolarizes ipRGCs and increases intracellular calcium levels ( [Ca²⁺]_i ) but the signaling cascades underlying these responses have yet to be elucidated. To facilitate physiological studies on these rare photoreceptors, highly enriched ipRGC cultures from neonatal rats were generated using anti-melanopsin-mediated plate adhesion (immunopanning). This novel approach enabled experiments on isolated ipRGCs, eliminating the potential confounding influence of rod/cone-driven input. Light induced a rise in [Ca²⁺]_i (monitored using fura-2 imaging) in the immunopanned ipRGCs and the source of this Ca²⁺ signal was investigated. The Ca²⁺ responses were inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, SKF-96365 (1–2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl-1H-imidazole), flufenamic acid, …

Loss Of Alkaline Earth Elements By Runoff From Agricultural Watersheds, M. A. Elrashidi, D. Hammer, M. D. Mays, C. A. Seybold, S. D. Peaslee

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The loss of agricultural chemicals in runoff from agricultural land is a major cause of poor surface water quality in the United State. Scientists (Natural Resources Conservation Service) developed a technique using climatic, hydrologic, and soil survey information to estimate the impact of agricultural watersheds on natural water resources. The objective of this study was to apply this technique on the Wagon Train (WT) watershed to predict loss of alkaline earth elements (calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], barium [Ba], and strontium [Sr]) by runoff from soils and to estimate elements loading into WT reservoir. The predicted losses of Ca, Mg, Ba, …

Ec06-155 Nutrient Management For Agronomic Crops In Nebraska, Richard B. Ferguson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraska is blessed with fertile soil and vast supplies of groundwater which combine to create an environment well-suited to the production of corn, wheat, grain sorghum, alfalfa, edible beans, and other agronomic crops used for human or animal consumption.

This manual is a guide to nutrient use from all sources for the production of Nebraska's major agronomic crops: corn, winter wheat, grain sorghum, oats, alfalfa, dry edible beans, soybean, sugar beets, popcorn, sunflower, millet, potatoes, and cool and warm season grasses for hay and pasture. Part I of the manual contains information focusing on basic principles of soil fertility for …

Elemental Uptake In Relation To Root Characteristics Of Tall Fescue, Glenn E. Shewmaker, Douglas A. Johnson, Henry F. Mayland, Scott A. Martin, Susie B. Hansen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

HiMag, an accession of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), was selected for high magnesium (Mg) concentration in leaves to reduce grass tetany risk to ruminants. However, the mechanism for enhanced Mg uptake in HiMag leaves has not been determined. The objective was to investigate if increased Mg uptake in HiMag could be explained by differences in elemental distribution among plant parts, root characteristics, or organic acid concentrations compared to its parental cultivars, ‘‘Kentucky 31’’ (KY31) and ‘‘Missouri 96’’ (MO96). The study was conducted on a surface-irrigated calcareous Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid). Vegetation and soil …

Nf03-580 Upper Safe Levels Of Intake For Adults: Vitamins, Macrominerals, And Trace Minerals, Judy A. Driskell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Our bodies need vitamins and essential minerals; however, if taken in large amounts, they can adversely affect our health. In fact, large amounts of many of the vitamins and minerals can be toxic.

This NebFact discusses the nutritional status, dietary reference intakes, nutrient toxicity, and tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) of vitamins and essential macro- and trace minerals for adults.

Rapid Communication: Physical And Linkage Mapping Of The Porcine Calcitonin (Calc) Gene, J. E. Neil, S. E. Zhang, J. M. Helm, Daniel C. Ciobanu, M. F. Rothschild

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Genus and Species. Sus scrofa.

Locus. Porcine calcitonin (CALC) gene.

Source and Description of Primers. Primers, CCA1F and CCA1R, were designed from canine calcitonin sequence (GenBank Accession no. AJ271090) to amplify genomic porcine DNA. Using sequence obtained from the amplified PCR product, additional pig-specific primers (CIPBF, CIPBR, CIPCF, CIPCR) were designed.

Primer Sequences. CCA1F: 5′-CAC TTT GGA TTG GCC GCG C-3′; CCA1R: 5′-ACC AGG GCA GCC AGC AGG A-3′; CIPBF: 5′-AAC TTC CCA CTC TGC ACA CT-3′; CIPBR: 5′-AGA CCA AAC TTC AGC AGG AT- 3′; CIPCF: 5′-TTC TCC TTC CTC TGC TTC TG-3′; CIPCR: 5′-GCA AAC CCA ATA …

Ec98-454 Nutrition For The Older Adult, Wanda Koszewski, Carol Ray, Amy Sutton, Lisa Beretta

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nutrition is important for everyone at any age and is one of the keys to healthy living. We are all overwhelmed with new information about nutrition each day. This publication focuses on nutrition topics specifically related to the elderly.

Ncr96-235 Feeding Ewes, Leon F. Bush, James Thompson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Proper feeding and year-roundmanagement of ewes are essential toprofitable sheep production. Feed forthe ewes can be 60 to 80% of the totalproduction costs of the sheepenterprise. Either excessive orinadequate nutrition is expensive. Toavoid these costly extremes you mustknow something of the nutritiverequirements of the ewe throughout theyear. That knowledge may make thedifference between profit and loss inyour operation.

Nf95-215 How's Your Nutritional Health?, Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses the warning signs of poor nutritional health. Use this list to find out if you are selecting the minimum number of servings from each food group.

Nf94-203 Reimbursable Food Components In Nebraska's Child And Adult Care Food Program Meal Pattern, Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses food components in Nebraska's Child and Adult Care Food Program.

Bioavailability Of Calcium In Sun-Cured Alfalfa Meal And Effect Of Dietary Calcium Concentration On Bone And Plasma Characteristics During Two Phases Of Gestation In Gilt, G. L. Walker, D. M. Danielson, E. R. Peo, Jr., R. F. Mumm

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A study was conducted with gravid gilts to determine the bioavailability of Ca in sun-cured alfalfa meal (AM) and the effect of dietary Ca concentration on bone and blood characteristics during two phases of gestation.

Nf93-115 The New Food Label, Julie A. Albrecht

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact explains the food labels introduced in 1993.

G92-1088 Pregnancy And Lactation, H. Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nutrition information for the pregnant and lactating woman.

Eating the right foods during pregnancy is important for you and your unborn baby. Your developing baby depends on you to provide the quality and quantity of food needed for a healthy start in life. Your unborn baby depends totally on you for nourishment.

What is best for you to eat is also best for the baby. Eating a well-balanced diet each day is one of the best ways to make certain you and your baby are getting all the needed nutrients to support growth and development.

A well balanced diet is …

Nf92-71 Nutrition And The Athlete: Vitamin And Mineral Supplements, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

For the public as well as for athletes, vitamin/mineral supplements are frequently used nutritional supplements. Much of this use represents an expensive and wasted effort. Well-planned diets can meet most of the vitamin and mineral needs of people.

G90-978 Byproduct Feedstuffs For Beef And Dairy Cattle, Don J. Kubik, Rick Stock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide details the type of byproduct feedstuffs available for beef and dairy cattle, a description of their characteristics and discussion of their nutrient value. Byproduct feeds have become a stabilizing factor in the economic success of many beef and dairy operations. Byproduct feeds are the residue that remains after feeds have been processed. The processing of soybeans into soybean meal results in a large supply of soybean hulls. Processing corn into high fructose syrup provides corn gluten feed and corn bran. Converting corn starch into ethanol provides distillers grains. Hominy, a byproduct of processing corn starch for human consumption, …

G88-892 Mixing Quality Pig Feed (Revised July 1992), Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Pig feed quality problems and mixing recommendations are covered here. Feed ingredients represent over 60 percent of the total cost of farrow-finish pork production and 65-70 percent of the variable expenses. Attention to quality preparation, in addition to purchasing decisions, is a component of feed ingredient cost management. Errors in formulation, misuse of feed mixing equipment, use of poor quality feed ingredients or lack of a quality assurance program can have costly consequences.

Mp51 Distillers Grains, Glen Aines, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick Stock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In the conventional production of alcohol from grain for fuel, byproducts are produced with excellent feeding value for ruminants. Appropriate use of these byproducts aids the efficient production of animals and enhances the economics of alcohol production. In the fermentation of corn to produce alcohol, the starch in the corn is converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide. The nutrients in the corn other than starch are concentrated about three times because corn is about two-thirds starch. Even though starch is high in energy, the one-third of the corn remaining in the byproduct after fermentation contains as much energy per pound …

Effect Of Grain Source And Dietary Level Of Oat Hulls On Phosphorus And Calcium Utilization In The Growing Pig, R. L. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, A. J. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effect of grain source and dietary level of oat hulls on dry matter digestibility, P and Ca retention and intestinal phytase activity of growing pigs. Twenty-four crossbred pigs (39 kg)were used. Dry matter digestibilities of corn-based diets were greater (P<.01) than grain sorghum-based diets (74.7 vs 63.5%). Diets containing 10% oat hulls had lower (P<.01) dry matter digestibilities than diets containing no oat hulls (64.0 vs 74.2%).

Effect Of Level Of Dietary Calcium-Phosphorus During Growth And Gestation On Performance, Blood And Bone Parameters Of Swine, R. D. Nimmo, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, A. J. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One-hundred and ninety-two crossbred weanling gilts (7.25 kg) were assigned to one of two treatments - (A) .65% Ca, .50% P or (B) .975% Ca, .75% P - and fed to an average weight of 92.8 kilograms. Average daily gain (.65 and .67 kg, respectively) and feed/gain were not affected by dietary treatment, but average daily feed intake was lower (P<.05) for gilts on treatment A (1.87 vs 1.95 kg).

Effect Of Level Of Dietary Calcium-Phosphorus During Growth And Gestation On Calcium-Phosphorus Balance And Reproductive Performance Of First-Litter Sows, R. D. Nimmo, E. R. Peo, Jr., J. D. Crenshaw, B. D. Moser, A. J. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Twenty-four bred gilts were used in a Ca-P metabolism trial. Twelve gilts were fed gestation treatment A (13 g Ca, 10 g/day), while the other 12 were fed gestation treatment B (19.5 g Ca, 15 g P/day). One-half of the gilts in each treatment group were fed .65% Ca, .50% P from 7 to 94 kg, and half were fed .975% Ca, .75% P for the same period. Treatment B gilts excreted more (P<.005) fecal and urinary P. Twenty-four first litter sows fed the same treatment diets during growth and gestation and given .75% Ca, .50% P during lactation were used in a Ca and P balance trial conducted from day 38 to 42 of lactation.

Influence Of Age, Sex, And Calcium And Phosphorus Levels On The Mechanical Properties Of Various Bones In Swine, T. D. Crenshaw, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, B. D. Moser, D. Olson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Seventy-two 4-week-old pigs were randomly assigned by sex (gilts, barrows, boars) to two dietary treatments and four age periods for determinations of the effects of age, sex and Ca and P levels on the mechanical properties of various bones in swine.

Response Of Different Genetic Lines Of Boars To Varying Levels Of Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus, R. D. Nimmo, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham, T. D. Crenshaw, D. G. Olson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various levels of dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on performance, soundness and blood and bone parameters of different genetic lines of boars fed under variable environmental conditions. The first experiment compared different genetic lines of boars fed two levels of dietary Ca and P. Forty purebred (Large White) and Nebraska Gene Pool boars were allotted by breed and initial weight to two levels of dietary Ca and P (.65 Ca/.50% P and 1.3% Ca/1.0% P).