Life Sciences Commons^™

Foreword [1999], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Cloning And Developmental Expression Of Pea Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Large Subunit Epsilon N-Methyltransferase, Robert L. Houtz

Horticulture Faculty Patents

The gene sequence for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit (LS) .sup.ε N-methyltransferase (protein methylase III or Rubisco LSMT) is disclosed. This enzyme catalyzes methylation of the ε-amine of lysine-14 in the large subunit of Rubisco. In addition, a full-length cDNA clone for Rubisco LSMT is disclosed. Transgenic plants and methods of producing same which (1) have the Rubisco LSMT gene inserted into the DNA, and (2) have the Rubisco LSMT gene product or the action of the gene product deleted from the DNA are also provided. Further, methods of using the gene to selectively deliver desired agents to a plant …

Forage News [1999-02], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Plays Major Role at National Forage Meeting
• 1998 Forage Variety Test Reports
• Pasture Renovation
• Pasture Bloat
• Getting the Most Out of Your Legume-Based Pastures
• Alfalfa Is for People, Too
• Wildlife Haven
• Upcoming Events

Aphanomyces-Resistant Alfalfa: A Solution To A Common Problem In Spring Seedings, Paul C. Vincelli, Jimmy C. Henning, Tim Hendrick, Gerald D. Brown, L. J. Osborne, Beth Prewitt, Val Shields, Don Sorrell, Kim Strohmeier, Ray Tackett, Joe Wyles

Agronomy Notes

For several decades, farmers have experienced a common stand-establishment disease syndrome when spring-seeded alfalfa was followed by extended periods of wet weather. Seedlings affected by this syndrome exhibit severe stunting as well as yellowing and reddening of seed leaves (cotyledons), but they do not wilt or collapse, as they might from a damping-off disease. Commonly, the problem affects most or all of the field.

Based on research that began in the 1980's, we suspected that a fungus called Aphanomyces euteiches (hereafter simply called Aphanomyces) was responsible. This root-rot fungus can be found in the majority of alfalfa fields we …

Forage News [1999-01], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at KCA
• KFGC Board Sets Vision and Mission
• 1999 AFGC National Hay Show - Rules and Procedures
• Forage: Quality Emphasis
• Comparing Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Annual Lespedeza for Frost Seeding Into Tall Fescue
• Dise and Sickle Mower-Conditioners
• Affect on Stand Persistence and Yield
• Upcoming Events

Field Evaluation Of Super Urea® For Production Of No-Till Corn, Kenneth L. Wells, James E. Dollarhide, H. E. Burkwhat

Agronomy Notes

Nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors have been commercially available to farmers for several years. Nitrification inhibitors are intended to minimize losses of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) from soil due to leaching and denitrification, by slowing the activity of soil bacteria which convert ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N) to the more easily lost NO₃-N. This has the potential to make NH₄-N or urea fertilizer sources of N more effective, particularly during late spring and early summer when soil and climatic conditions are usually more favorable for leaching or denitrification of NO₃-N. Urease inhibitors slow …

Do Cover Crop Residue And No-Till Increase Poultry Litter Runoff?, M. A. Cooprider, Mark S. Coyne

Agronomy Notes

Manure and litter produced during broiler production are an environmental issue in Kentucky. The most common and practical disposal method is to apply the poultry wastes to pasture and crop land. If the wastes are incorporated by tillage immediately after application to crop land, nitrogen that might otherwise be lost by ammonia volatilization is conserved. However, incorporating wastes is not possible in no-till, which is a best management practice (BMP) used by 51% of Kentucky's farmers to control soil erosion. One question is whether surface application of poultry wastes onto no-till fields could increase fecal bacteria contamination of surrounding waterways …

Evaluation Of Soilless Media Used In Tobacco Float Systems, Robert C. Pearce, Jack M. Zeleznik

Agronomy Notes

A wide range of soilless media is currently available to tobacco growers utilizing the float system for transplant production. Most of the media are predominantly made up of peat moss with varying amounts of perlite, vermiculite,and coconut fibers (coir). One of the most difficult problems for growers has been inconsistency in the media from year to year. Because peat is a natural product, some year to year variability is unavoidable. However, many manufacturers of soilless media have procedures in place to ensure that the final product is as consistent as possible.

Common Pokeweed Management In Corn And Soybeans With A Conservation Tillage Cultivator And Herbicides, Jonathan D. Green, William W. Witt

Agronomy Notes

Common pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) is a warm-season perennial that grows well in nondisturbed areas such as fence rows and woodland borders. In recent years it has begun spreading to com and soybean fields where no-tillage practices are used. The deep taproot that is characteristic of common pokeweed, makes this weed difficult to manage, particularly in no-till plantings. The green leaves, fleshy stems, and purple berries of common pokeweed can inhibit the harvesting process and lead to discounts at the elevator for high moisture and stained seed.

The equipment industry has developed cultivators with large sweeps capable of operating …

Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 1998, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

This document consolidates the reporting requirements of the base grant and regional competitive grant awards in a single technical report which includes: 1) a synopsis of each ongoing research project and of each research project completed during the period, 2) a list of reports published, 3) a brief description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable achievements and awards during the year.

Promotor (Flt) For The Full-Length Transcript Of Peanut Chlorotic Streak Caulimovirus (Pclsv) And Expression Of Chimeric Genes In Plants, Indu B. Maiti, Robert J. Shepherd

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Patents

The isolation, modification and use of wild-type and modified viral FLt promoters of peanut chlorotic streak caulimovirus (PClSV) in the expression of chimeric genes in plant cells. The FLt promoter from PClSV has been modified to have duplicated enhancer domains.

Forage News [1998-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Hosts AFGC Board
• Forages at KCA
• Hay Testing is Best Bargain
• Historic Meeting is Approaching
• Monthly Alfalfa Hay Quality Awards to be Announced at Cave City
• Hard Seed in Alfalfa
• Forage Dependability
• 19^th Alfalfa Conference - March 4, 1999
• Upcoming Events

Fecal Bacteria Survival And Infiltration Through A Shallow Agricultural Soil: Timing And Tillage Effects, C. S. Stoddard, Mark S. Coyne, John H. Grove

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Human and livestock exposure to fecal pathogens via contaminated surface or groundwater is an important water quality concern for soils receiving animal wastes. The effects of manure application timing (spring or fall application) and soil management (no-tillage or conservation tillage) on fecal bacteria infiltration through shallow karst soils in central Kentucky (the Bluegrass region) have not been evaluated. We performed a field experiment to measure fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in leachate from dairy manure-amended no-tillage and conservation tillage soils. Manure significantly increased fecal bacteria in leachate compared with unmanured treatments. After manure application, the leachate that collected in zero-tension …

Forage News [1998-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage Conference a Success
• KFGC Award Winners
• Congratulations to Dr. Powell
• Landmark Event for Forages in Nebraska
• Hay Bales Don’t Always “Weigh-Up” to Expectations
• Minimize Losses in Hay Storage and Feeding
• Evening Grazing is More Efficient
• Roundup Ready Alfalfa?
• Endophyte in Perennial Ryegrass
• Preference by Ruminants Among Tall Fescue Cultivars
• Upcoming Events

Comparison Of Water And Temperature Distribution Profiles Under Sand Tube Irrigation, Masoud Meshkat, Richard C. Warner, Stephen R. Workman

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient systems in delivering water to the plant root zone. Research has shown that the saturated, or nearly saturated, surface beneath the emitter may increase evaporation thereby reducing the irrigation efficiency. To increase the efficiency of surface applied drip irrigation on permanent tree crops a sand tube irrigation (STI) method was developed and tested. The sand tube method consists of removing a soil core beneath the emitter and filling the void with coarse sand. A weighing lysimeter was designed and instrumented to directly measure temporal evaporation during irrigation and for a period of …

Viral And Insect Genes That Inhibit The Immune System And Methods Of Use Thereof, Bruce A. Webb, Liwang Cui

Entomology Faculty Patents

Viral, endoparasitoid and/or host genes that specifically inhibit the immune response of insect pests, useful for broadening the host range of insect viruses. Symbiont viruses of insect pests are genetically modified to express immune-suppressing proteins or biologically active fragments thereof and, optionally toxins, to increase the virus host range and/or improve the efficacy of insect pathogens.

Drosophila Unpaired Encodes A Secreted Protein That Activates The Jak Signaling Pathway, Douglas A. Harrison, Patricia E. Mccoon, Richard Binari, Michael Gilman, Norbert Perrimon

Biology Faculty Publications

In vertebrates, many cytokines and growth factors have been identified as activators of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In Drosophila, JAK and STAT molecules have been isolated, but no ligands or receptors capable of activating the pathway have been described. We have characterized the unpaired (upd) gene, which displays the same distinctive embryonic mutant defects as mutations in the Drosophila JAK (hopscotch) and STAT (stat92E) genes. Upd is a secreted protein, associated with the extracellular matrix, that activates the JAK pathway. We propose that Upd is a ligand that relies on JAK signaling to stimulate transcription of pair-rule genes in a …

Forage News [1998-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Fall Grazing School
• One Day Grazing Schools
• Forage Conference
• Forages at KCA
• Prussic Acid Poisoning
• Drought Stressed Pastures
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [1998-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Dollars & Cents of Stockpiling Tall Fescue
• KFGC Award Nominations Due October 9
• Kentucky Grazing School
• KFGC Fall Forage Conference
• Alfalfa Conference March 4
• Forages at the State Fair
• Maximize Grazing - Minimize Stored Feed
• Warm Season Grass Field Day
• Kentucky Pasture & Hay Conditions
• Forages at KCA
• Hay Quality Standards
• Upcoming Events

Optimization Of Solid-State Fermentation Parameters For The Production Of Xylanase By Trichoderma Longibrachiatum On Wheat Bran, Elizabeth R. Ridder, Sue E. Nokes, Barbara L. Knutson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Solid-state fermentation has the potential to produce inexpensive enzymes for use in high-volume industrial applications. Process parameters such as substrate moisture content and length of fermentation can have a significant effect on the amount and timing of enzyme production. This study was conducted in two stages, a screening stage and an optimization stage, to determine the effects of moisture content of the substrate, surfactant addition upon inoculation, depth of the substrate, and duration of fermentation on xylanase activity produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Screening fermentations were conducted at 25°C, 50 and 75% wet basis moisture content (w.b.), 0.0 and 0.2% …

Vegetated Filter Strip Removal Of Cattle Manure Constituents In Runoff, Teng T. Lim, Dwayne R. Edwards, Stephen R. Workman, Brian T. Larson, Lloyd Dunn

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Pasture runoff can contribute to elevated concentrations of nutrients, solids, and bacteria in downstream waters. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of vegetative filter strip (VFS) length on concentrations and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, solids and fecal coliform in runoff from plots treated with cattle manure. Three plots with dimensions of 2.4 × 30.5 m were used. The upper 12.2 m of each plot was treated with cattle manure, while the lower 18.3 m acted as a VFS. Runoff produced by rainfall simulators was sampled at VFS lengths of 0, 6.1, 12.2, and 18.3 m and …

Response Of Runoff Diazinon Concentration To Formulation And Post-Application Irrigation, Joshua R. Evans, Dwayne R. Edwards, Stephen R. Workman, R. Michael Williams

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Pesticides used in urban environments can be transported in runoff to downstream waters and cause adverse environmental consequences. This experiment assessed the effects of post-application irrigation depth (0, 6.4, and 12.7 mm) and formulation (liquid and granular) on concentration and transport of diazinon (a pesticide commonly used for lawn insect control) in runoff from “tall” fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots. The post-application irrigation was applied using rainfall simulators immediately following diazinon application. The rainfall simulators were again used approximately 2 h after diazinon application to apply the equivalent of a heavy rainfall (64 mm/h for approximately 1.5 h) to generate …

Identification Of Putative Cytoskeletal Protein Homologues In The Protozoan Host Hartmannella Vermiformis As Substrates For Induced Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Upon Attachment To The Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium, Legionella Pneumophila, Chandrasekar Venkataraman, Lian-Yang Gao, Subbarao Bondada, Yousef Abu Kwaik

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades and replicates within two evolutionarily distant hosts, free living protozoa and mammalian cells. Invasion and intracellular replication within protozoa are thought to be major factors in the transmission of Legionnaires' disease. We have recently reported the identification of a galactose/N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) lectin in the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis as a receptor for attachment and invasion by L. pneumophila (Venkataraman, C., B.J. Haack, S. Bondada, and Y.A. Kwaik. 1997. J. Exp. Med. 186:537–547). In this report, we extended our studies to the …

Forage News [1998-08], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at the State Fair
• Late Summer Seeding Tips
• Applying Manure to Forage Crops
• Plan Now for Stockpiled Grass for Fall
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [1998-07], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• U.K. All Commodity Field Day
• Fall Grazing School at Princeton
• Hay Seminar at the State Fair
• Native Warm Season Grass Field Day
• Forage Council Gets Grazing School Grant from Department of Agriculture
• Joint Field Day is the Cream of the Crop
• Prepare Now for Fall and Winter Pastures
• The Thirty Yard Journey
• Leaves of Grass
• Upcoming Events

Comparison Of Observed And Simulated Grow-Finish Swine Performance Under Summer Conditions, Larry W. Turner, Thomas C. Bridges, Richard D. Coffey, Richard S. Gates, Gary R. Parker, Tami M. Brown-Brandl, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

As a part of a National Pork Producers Council educational program, our research and extension team at the University of Kentucky was linked with an independent commercial swine producer to test the NCPIG model against observed commercial on-farm data. This experience provided improved information for model development as well as increased producer insight into the data input needs and potential benefits of modeling. Detailed production information comparisons between the NCPIG model and producer data are presented for summer time conditions to assess the validity of the NCPIG model for simulation of grow-finish swine performance. Results demonstrated that the NCPIG model …

Quality Of Runoff From Plots Treated With Municipal Sludge And Horse Bedding, Elizabeth L. Busheé, Dwayne R. Edwards, Philip A. Moore Jr.

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Land application of horse stall bedding and municipal sludge can increase runoff concentrations of nutrients, organic matter, and bacteria as well as steroidal hormones such as estrogen. Concentrations of materials in runoff from sites treated with animal manure can be reduced by aluminum sulfate, or alum [Al₂(SO₄)₃•14H₂O] treatment. The objectives of this study were to assess plots treated with horse stall bedding or municipal sludge for: (a) runoff quality [concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO₄-P), fecal coliform (FC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) …

A Role For Nima In The Nuclear Localization Of Cyclin B In Aspergillus Nidulans, L. Wu, S. A. Osmani, Peter M. Mirabito

Biology Faculty Publications

NIMA promotes entry into mitosis in late G2 by some mechanism that is after activation of the Aspergillus nidulans G2 cyclin-dependent kinase, NIMX^CDC2/NIME^{Cyclin B}. Here we present two independent lines of evidence which indicate that this mechanism involves control of NIMX^CDC2/NIME^{Cyclin B} localization. First, we found that NIME^{Cyclin B} localized to the nucleus and the nucleus-associated organelle, the spindle pole body, in a NIMA-dependent manner. Analysis of cells from asynchronous cultures, synchronous cultures, and cultures arrested in S or G2 showed that NIME^{Cyclin B} was predominantly nuclear during interphase, with maximal …

The Snare Machinery Is Involved In Apical Plasma Membrane Trafficking In Mdck Cells, Seng Hui Low, Steven J. Chapin, Christian Wimmer, Sidney W. Whiteheart, László G. Kömüves, Keith E. Mostov, Thomas Weimbs

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We have investigated the controversial involvement of components of the SNARE (soluble N-ethyl maleimide–sensitive factor [NSF] attachment protein [SNAP] receptor) machinery in membrane traffic to the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial (MDCK) cells. Overexpression of syntaxin 3, but not of syntaxins 2 or 4, caused an inhibition of TGN to apical transport and apical recycling, and leads to an accumulation of small vesicles underneath the apical plasma membrane. All other tested transport steps were unaffected by syntaxin 3 overexpression. Botulinum neurotoxin E, which cleaves SNAP-23, and antibodies against α-SNAP inhibit both TGN to apical and basolateral transport in …

Forage News [1998-06], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• U.K. All Commodity Field Day
• New Hay Publication Available
• Minimizing Losses in Hay Storage and Feeding
• Reducing the Risk of Hay Fires
• Attention KFGC Members!
• Determining Forage Moisture Content Using a Microwave Oven
• Upcoming Events