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South Dakota State University

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Urea Vs. Soybean Meal During Feedlot Adaptation And Later Growing And Finishing, J. D. Burkhardt Oct 1971

Urea Vs. Soybean Meal During Feedlot Adaptation And Later Growing And Finishing, J. D. Burkhardt

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

Urea is a common ingredient in cattle diets. While this nonprotein nitrogren compound is a satisfactory source of supplemental protein in many cattle diets, there are limitations as to levels in the diet and conditions of use. The primary basis for the use of urea as a substitute for conventional high-protein ingredients is the lower cost for protein supplementation.

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Dry And High-Moisture Corn Fed Whole Or Rolled With Corn Silage In Cattle Growing-Finishing Diets, J. D. Burkhardt, L. B. Embry Oct 1971

Dry And High-Moisture Corn Fed Whole Or Rolled With Corn Silage In Cattle Growing-Finishing Diets, J. D. Burkhardt, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

One area of research in beef cattle feeding that is receiving major emphasis at this station is the comparative value of dry and high-moisture grain under various conditions of use and the benefits of processing in comparison to feeding as whole grain. Previous research has involved levels of roughage and moisture content of the roughage (hay or haylage).
In this experiment, dry or high-moisture corn grain was fed whole and rolled with a limited feed of corn silage with urea or soybean meal furnishing the supplemental protein.

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Feedlot Bulls And Steers Treated With Diethylstilbestrol And Zeranol, P. J. Thiex Oct 1971

Feedlot Bulls And Steers Treated With Diethylstilbestrol And Zeranol, P. J. Thiex

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

This experiment is one of a series to study effects of castration, growth stimulating compounds and various feeding and management systems on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot male and female cattle. It involved a comparison of bulls with steers and their response to diethylstilbestrol or zeranol (a resorcyclic acid lactone compound shown to have growth stimulating properties) implants when fed high-concentrate diets.

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Types Of Urea Supplement For Wintering Beef Calves, A. L. Slyter, L. B. Embry, J. Herndon Oct 1971

Types Of Urea Supplement For Wintering Beef Calves, A. L. Slyter, L. B. Embry, J. Herndon

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

Previous research at the Cottonwood Station showed that calves fed low levels of urea during an adaptation period made faster gains than unadapted calves when fed higher levels of urea during the wintering period. Calves fed a corn-base urea supplement in pellet form gained faster than those fed a commercial, molasses-base urea supplement in liquid form. The following tow experiments were conducted as replications of those reported previously under this title.

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Sulfur Supplementation With Urea As The Supplemental Protein With Corn Silage Or Ear Corn Diets For Beef Steers, L. B. Embry, R. M. Luther, J. F. Fredrikson Oct 1971

Sulfur Supplementation With Urea As The Supplemental Protein With Corn Silage Or Ear Corn Diets For Beef Steers, L. B. Embry, R. M. Luther, J. F. Fredrikson

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

This experiment was conducted to determined the need for a sulfur supplement with urea used as the primary supplemental protein in corn silage or ear corn diets for growing and finishing steers. Supplements which contained one part of sulfur to 10 or 20 parts nitrogen from the urea were compared to a urea supplement without added sulfur and to a low-protein corn supplement fed at the same level. The experiment consisted of a corn silage feeding phase of about 4 months and a ground ear corn phase of about 6 months.

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Dry And High-Moisture Corn As Affected By Processing And Type Of Diet, L. B. Embry, J. D. Burkhardt Oct 1971

Dry And High-Moisture Corn As Affected By Processing And Type Of Diet, L. B. Embry, J. D. Burkhardt

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

High-moisture grains have received considerable emphasis in cattle feeding research and by feedlot operators during recent years. Large quantities of grain are harvested at high-moisture contents because of harvesting and other advantages associated with the high-moisture content or because of unfavorable natural drying conditions. Drying grain is expensive, and it would appear that first consideration should be given to storing and using the grain in the high-moisture form if it is to be fed livestock.

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Storing High Moisture Grain, James J. O'Connell Oct 1971

Storing High Moisture Grain, James J. O'Connell

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

For the past several years there has been increased interest in the harvesting and storing of high-moisture feed grains, particularly corn, barley and grain sorghum. With improved silos and grain harvesting equipment, the use of high-moisture grains has replaced the conventional methods of harvesting, storing and feeding grains on many cattle feeding farms. There are several reasons why this system is becoming more popular. Harvesting can be done earlier and faster, harvesting losses are reduced, and a minimum number of operations and amount of equipment are required. Storage costs are comparatively low and in most cases storage is rodent free. …

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Dark Cutting Beef - Why?, W. J. Costello Oct 1971

Dark Cutting Beef - Why?, W. J. Costello

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

Many producers have heard of the carcass that did not grade because it "cut dark". What is dark cutting beef and why does it happen?

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South Dakota Farm & Home Research: 84th Annual Report (Fall 1971), Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University Oct 1971

South Dakota Farm & Home Research: 84th Annual Report (Fall 1971), Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

From the Dean and Director [p] 2
Agricultural Engineering [p] 4
Animal Science [p] 9
Bacteriology [p] 14
Botany-Biology [p] 18
Dairy Science [p] 21
Economics [p] 23
Entomology-Zoology [p] 26
Home Economics [p] 30
Horticulture-Forestry [p] 33
Plant Science [p] 35
Rural Sociology [p] 40
Station Biochemistry [p] 42
Veterinary Science [p] 44
Wildlife and Fisheries Science [p] 46
Publications [p] 52
Financial Statement [p] 60
Staff Members [p] 61
Agricultural Advisory Groups [p] 63

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Drought-Damaged Corn Silage For Growing Beef Calves, Richard M. Luther, Jacob Fredrikson Oct 1971

Drought-Damaged Corn Silage For Growing Beef Calves, Richard M. Luther, Jacob Fredrikson

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

One hundred thirty-six steer calves averaging 440 lb. were used in a 56-day trial to study the value of supplementing drought-damaged corn silage with protein and energy. The silage contained only about 8 bushels of grain per acre and was harvested in mid-August at 30% dry matter. It was stored in a 71-ton stack, covered with a plastic cover and sealed with earth around the bottom. The stack was opened with a plastic cover and sealed with earth around the bottom. The nitrogen (dry basis) were 11.7 and 0.24 at ensiling. The four treatments (34 steers each) were 1 or …

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Financial Analysis South Dakota Farm Panel Records Program 1971, Herbert R. Allen Jul 1971

Financial Analysis South Dakota Farm Panel Records Program 1971, Herbert R. Allen

Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)

The data in this report have been obtained from a selected number of farms located in Hyde, Hand and Faulk counties. South Dakota. It is a summary of data gathered in the first and second year of a pilot program for the development of a computerized farm financial information system. For this reason the data in this report cannot be interpreted as representative of all farms or all areas of South Dakota. However, it can serve as a guide to those persons with farm operations similar to the ones included in this report.

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South Dakota Farm & Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University Jul 1971

South Dakota Farm & Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Collegiate Cost-Price Squeeze [p] 2
Field Day Research Reports [p] 3
Cooling and Warming Pigs [p] 4
Tree Seed Sources Important [p] 6
Planting Ponderosa Pine [p] 9
Land Prices and Environment [p] 10
Mulch Boosts Alfalfa Yield [p] 14
Field Losses in Curing Alfalfa [p] 16

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South Dakota's Economy In A Changing World : Highlights Of Papers Presented At The Ninth Agri-Business Day, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University Apr 1971

South Dakota's Economy In A Changing World : Highlights Of Papers Presented At The Ninth Agri-Business Day, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University

Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)

Contents:
BEYOND OUR BORDERS
Prospects in International Trade
South Dakota's Stake in Agricultural Trade
A New Life for the Country
DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTH DAKOTA
Computer Technology for Agriculture Farm Record Analyses
Farm Credit Services Research Uses
Feed Business Applications
Planning and Economic Development
The Question of Tax Reform

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South Dakota Farm & Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University Apr 1971

South Dakota Farm & Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Field Days Scheduled [p] 2
Changes in Soybeans [p] 3
South Dakota in IBP—Grassland Studies [p] 4
Another Range consumer [p] 11
Planet-Wide Study [p] 14
Narrow Row corn [p] 16
Automatic Irrigation [p] 19
Air Pollution [p] 22
Pollution Economics [p] 24
South Dakota Wheat Exports [p] 26
Foil Mulch on Potatoes [p] 27
Semi-Dwarf Spring Wheat [p] 29
New Sorghum Hybrid [p] 33
Irrigation by Schedule [p] 34
Soil Erosion Costs [p] 36
Herbicide Pollution 38
Spotting Marijuana [p] 39

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1971 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University Mar 1971

1971 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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Manual Of Operating Procedures For A Computerized Farm Financial Information System, Herbert R. Allen, Kent Scofield Jan 1971

Manual Of Operating Procedures For A Computerized Farm Financial Information System, Herbert R. Allen, Kent Scofield

Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)

The computerized farm information system described in this publication was developed by South Dakota State University Farm Management research workers. The system is designed to provide detailed data on cash flow patterns, enterprise costs, net worth, net income, family living, depreciation schedules and business operating ratios. The program is written in FORTRAN and is operational on the IBM System/360-Model 30 with 64K storage capacity. Large capital investments and greater dependence upon borrowed capital to finance highly technical farming operations requires farm operators to have sharper analytical tools than ever before. Modern computers are helping to provide these tools. However, efficient …

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South Dakota Farm & Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University Jan 1971

South Dakota Farm & Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Environmental Education [p] 2
Plant Descriptions [p] 3
When Daughter Buys Clothes [p] 4
Pasture Interseeding [p] 7
Tree Planting by Chemical Fallow [p] 11
Southern Corn Leaf Blight [p] 14
Heated Corn, Cooled Alfalfa [p] 16
Economic Development Theory [p] 18
Roving Research Laboratory [p] 20
Farm Pond Winterwill [p] 22
Abortion in Cattle [p] 24
Families of Children in Head Start [p] 25
Damage from Unseen Parasites [p] 28
Bull Selection Most Important [p] 30
Comparing Hay Storage Methods [p] 31
Wild Buckwheat Control [p] 33
80,000 Corn Plants Per Acre [p] 35
Beef Cattle Research Review [p] …

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Responses Of Rumen Microflora To Whey Products Added To High-Grain Low-Roughage Rations, Virgil L. Metzger Jan 1971

Responses Of Rumen Microflora To Whey Products Added To High-Grain Low-Roughage Rations, Virgil L. Metzger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many factors present in livestock feeds affect the numbers and types of protozoa and bacteria in the rumen. A small particle size of feed and a fast rate of passage of the feed through the ruminant decreases protozoal numbers. Full feeding of a concentrate ration and an acid pH in the rumen also tend to reduce protozoa numbers. Bacteria numbers tend to increase as the protozoa numbers decrease. Knowledge of rumen microflora population changes on different rations is lacking. It is known that restricted-roughage rations will generally cause lower protozoal numbers. Since whey is an available source of lactose and …

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The Lipid Composition Of Milk As Affected By High Grain-Limited Roughage Rations Containing Whey Products, Roger Charles Peper Jan 1971

The Lipid Composition Of Milk As Affected By High Grain-Limited Roughage Rations Containing Whey Products, Roger Charles Peper

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Certain rations fed to lactating dairy cows appear to have a dramatic influence on the lipid composition of milk fat produced. A high grain ration fed with a limited amount of roughage tends to cause a depression in milk fat production while at the same time changing the milk fat composition. There have been various attempts to alleviate the depression in milk fat. Minerals used in the ration seem to slightly relieve the milk fat depression caused by high grain rations. One drawback has been lower milk production due to a decline in concentrate consumption. Whey products added to a …

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A Study Of The Endogenous Electron Donors For Nitrogen Fixation By Cell-Free Extracts Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae M5al (Aerobacter Aerogenes M5al), Elisabeth Yi-Jan Wu Jan 1971

A Study Of The Endogenous Electron Donors For Nitrogen Fixation By Cell-Free Extracts Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae M5al (Aerobacter Aerogenes M5al), Elisabeth Yi-Jan Wu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biological nitrogen fixation, the mechanism of the enzymatic conversion of the inert nitrogen gas into amino acids in the cytoplasm of the microorganism has puzzled many scientists for decades. The recent discovery of some free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria has encouraged the investigation of this mechanism. A big step taken in the rapid elucidation of this mechanism was the first reproducible cell-free nitrogen-fixing system from Clostridium pasteurianum successfully obtained by Carnahan et al. (9) in 1960. In the following decade, reproducible cell-free systems were demonstrated with the strict aerobe, Azotobacter vinelandii (4), facultative anaerobic Bacillus polymyxa (16) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (31) and …

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A Two Year Study Of Potential Resistance In The Adult Western Corn Rootworm In South Dakota, John M. Wirtz Jan 1971

A Two Year Study Of Potential Resistance In The Adult Western Corn Rootworm In South Dakota, John M. Wirtz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte, and the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica longicornis Say, are major pests affecting corn in South Dakota. Jones (1968) considered the rootworm the number one corn pest in South Dakota and estimated that the rootworm caused fifty percent of all insect damage done to corn. Prior to 1961 the northern corn rootworm was the predominant species causing damage in South Dakota. The western corn rootworm is presently the predominant species (Nearman, 1968). Cultural and chemical control methods have been used to control corn rootworms in the past with varying degrees of success. Crop …

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Evaluation Of Orally Administered Sodium D-Thyroxine As A Teratogen In New Zealand White Rabbits, Gary A. Thibodeau Jan 1971

Evaluation Of Orally Administered Sodium D-Thyroxine As A Teratogen In New Zealand White Rabbits, Gary A. Thibodeau

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sodium D-thyroxine was evaluated for possible embryotoxic and/or teratogenic effects following oral administration in New Zealand White rabbits. All animals utilized were alert, active and apparently disease-free virgin does weighing three and one-half to four kilograms. Rabbits were individually housed in stainless steel batteries and maintained on a commercially available palletized diet and mineral supplement. Feed and water were provided ad libitum in animal quarters air conditioned to minimize environmental temperature fluctuations. Following a 14-day post-delivery observation period does were bred to New Zealand White bucks and randomly allocated to one of two experimental groups or the control group each …

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An Ecological Study Of Coleoptera Succession In Bovine Manure With Emphasis On Natural Enemies Of The Face Fly (Musca Autumnalis De Geer) In Eastcentral South Dakota, Howard Kessler Jan 1971

An Ecological Study Of Coleoptera Succession In Bovine Manure With Emphasis On Natural Enemies Of The Face Fly (Musca Autumnalis De Geer) In Eastcentral South Dakota, Howard Kessler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The frequency and succession patterns of coleopterous species in cattle dung were determined for two localities in eastcentral South Dakota during 1969 and 1970. Thirty-nine species of beetles were screened as potential predators of the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, a pest of cattle and horses; and 1 Coleoptera, 1 Hymenoptera and 1 nematode were screened as parasites of the same host. Succession studies of insects inhabiting bovine manure revealed that four families of Coleoptera were recovered from the manure and, in descending order of abundance, were Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae, and Histeridae. The hydrophilids were first to invade freshly …

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Effects Of Various Factors On The Rachitogenic Activity Of Isolated Soy Protein, Donald James Arshem Jan 1971

Effects Of Various Factors On The Rachitogenic Activity Of Isolated Soy Protein, Donald James Arshem

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The nature of the rachitogenic activity of isolated soy protein was investigated in fifteen studies. A RP-100-glucose purified diet was fed to day-old turkey poults housed in stainless steel batteries. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Corn, oat hulls, solvent-extracted soybean meal, full-fat extruded soybeans, C-1 protein, casein and texturized forms of soy protein were added to the basal diet at various levels. All feedstuffs were added at two particle sizes: natural form of the feedstuff (>250 u); and ground in a ball mill (<250 >u). The effects of autoclaving for 60 minutes at 120°C were also investigated. …

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Effects Of Various Levels Of Dietary Selenium And Arsenic On Chickens, Richard L. Arnold Jan 1971

Effects Of Various Levels Of Dietary Selenium And Arsenic On Chickens, Richard L. Arnold

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Various levels of selenium and arsenic additions were made to several types of chicken diets to study their effects on growth and reproduction criteria. Three experiments were conducted. The first study involved day-old chicks and terminated at 64 weeks of age. These yearling hens were then used for the second experiments which terminated when the hens were 104 weeks old. The third study was initiated with 20 week old pullets and terminated when they were 52 weeks old. Feeding purified diets resulted in slower chick growth and lower mature body weights of hens. Selenium additions of 2.0 ppm resulted in …

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Field Population And Flight Activity Of Three Hippodamia Species In Eastern South Dakota, Gene Allen Olson Jan 1971

Field Population And Flight Activity Of Three Hippodamia Species In Eastern South Dakota, Gene Allen Olson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Twenty-four coccinellid species, excluding the genus Scymnus, were collected in eastern South Dakota during the 1969-70 growing seasons. Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H. tredecimpunctata L., and H. parenthesis (Say), were the most abundant species found in alfalfa and small grains. Reproduction of H. convergens and H. tredecimpunctata occurred in alfalfa, oats, spring and winter wheat, and corn. Field observations indicated that the reproductive cycle required approximately 2½ weeks. The pea aphid, Macrosiphum pisi (Harris), the English grain aphid, M. avenae (Fabricius), and the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), appeared to be suitable food for these 3 Hippodamia species; the brown …

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The Influence Of Various Stress Conditions On Cholinesterase Levels Of Cattle Treated With An Organophosphorus Insecticide, Mitchell J. Wrich Jan 1971

The Influence Of Various Stress Conditions On Cholinesterase Levels Of Cattle Treated With An Organophosphorus Insecticide, Mitchell J. Wrich

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six-to 8-months-old Hereford heifers categorized as grubby or grub-free calves were used for this research. Forty calves were purchased in 1968 and also in 1969. The grubby calves were obtained from Highmore, South Dakota, an area where calves have a history of heavy grub infestations of both Hypoderma bovis (L.) and Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers). The grub-free calves were purchased in Fargo, North Dakota. Calves raised in this area seldom are infested with cattle grubs. Specified groups of calves were subjected to 30 minutes of continuous exercise or the withholding of feed and water for 24 hours prior to treatment …

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Herbicide Residue And Weed Control In Switchgrass, Charles Nicholas Smith Jr. Jan 1971

Herbicide Residue And Weed Control In Switchgrass, Charles Nicholas Smith Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purposes of this study were to find an effective herbicide for control of grassy weeds in a pasture, to adapt known laboratory procedures for analyzing residues and to determine amounts of residues during the growing season in treated plots. Nine herbicides were screened for controlling grassy weeds, primarily downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) in a native pasture. Data indicated 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) applied postemergence at 1 lb/A was the most effective at 85% control. The following year, atrazine, 2-chloro-4, 6-bis­ (ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) and 2, 2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) each at 1, 2 and 3 lb/A were applied preemergence to switchgrass pasture. Of …

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Effects Of Feeding Leptaden To Dairy Cows, Sitakantha Dash Jan 1971

Effects Of Feeding Leptaden To Dairy Cows, Sitakantha Dash

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Leptaden is a herbal drug which was recently introduced to the market by Alarsin Pharmaceuticals, Bombay, India. It consists of the extracts of two indigenous medical plants, namely Leotadenia reticulata (Jeevanti) and Breynia patens (Kamboji) in equal proportions. In 1947, Patel first drew the attention of gynaecologists to the usefulness of Leptaden in habitual abortions and allied conditions in women and later on pointed out its lactogenic and galactagogue properties. His original observations are supported by growing clinical experience over a twenty year period of medical practice. Published clinical experience shows that in most cases Leptaden stimulates, lactation within twelve …

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Temperature Computer Measurements, Production And Carcass Traits Of Individually Fed Weight Constant Steers, Lowell M. Anderson Jan 1971

Temperature Computer Measurements, Production And Carcass Traits Of Individually Fed Weight Constant Steers, Lowell M. Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

During 1968, 29 Hereford steers were individually fed and marketed at one of seven constant weight classes from approximately 386 to 522 kg at intervals of 22.7 kg. During 1970, 21 Angus and Hereford crossbred steers were individually fed and marketed at one of four constant weight classes from approximately 386 to 522 kg at intervals of approximately 45.0 kg. The amounts of edible portion, trimmed fat, removed bone and the summation of the kidney, pelvic, and cod fat were determined on the steers of both years. In 1970 two experiments examined the usefulness of an analog computer for calculation …

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