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Articles 1771 - 1800 of 2465
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Elimination Of Chromosomal Island Spycim1 From Streptococcus Pyogenes Strain Sf370 Reverses The Mutator Phenotype And Alters Global Transcription, Christina Hendrickson, Chad W. Euler, Scott V. Nguyen, Maliha Rahman, Kimberly A. Mccullor, Catherine J. King, Vincent A. Fischetti, W. Michael Mcshan
Elimination Of Chromosomal Island Spycim1 From Streptococcus Pyogenes Strain Sf370 Reverses The Mutator Phenotype And Alters Global Transcription, Christina Hendrickson, Chad W. Euler, Scott V. Nguyen, Maliha Rahman, Kimberly A. Mccullor, Catherine J. King, Vincent A. Fischetti, W. Michael Mcshan
Publications and Research
Streptococcus pyogenes chromosomal island M1 (SpyCIM1) integrates by site-specific recombination into the 5’ end of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutL in strain SF370SmR, blocking transcription of it and the downstream operon genes. During exponential growth, SpyCIM1 excises from the chromosome and replicates as an episome, restoring mutL transcription. This process is reversed in stationary phase with SpyCIM1 re-integrating into mutL, returning the cells to a mutator phenotype. Here we show that elimination of SpyCIM1 relieves this mutator phenotype. The downstream MMR operon genes, multidrug efflux pump lmrP, Holliday junction resolution helicase ruvA, and DNA base excision …
Pvt1 Exon 9: A Potential Biomarker Of Aggressive Prostate Cancer?, Adeodat Ilboudo, Jyoti Chouhan, Brian K. Mcneil, Joseph R. Osborne, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
Pvt1 Exon 9: A Potential Biomarker Of Aggressive Prostate Cancer?, Adeodat Ilboudo, Jyoti Chouhan, Brian K. Mcneil, Joseph R. Osborne, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
Publications and Research
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the greatest source of cancer-related mortality in males of African ancestry (MoAA). Interestingly, this has been shown to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms around regions 2 and 3 of the 8q24 human chromosomal region. The non-protein coding gene locus Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) is located at 8q24 and is overexpressed in PCa and, therefore, is also a candidate biomarker to explain the well-known disparity in this group. PVT1 has at least 12 exons that make separate transcripts which may have different functions, all of which are …
Fungal Melanin: What Do We Know About Structure?, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Ruth E. Stark, Arturo Casadevall
Fungal Melanin: What Do We Know About Structure?, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Ruth E. Stark, Arturo Casadevall
Publications and Research
The production of melanin significantly enhances the virulence of many important human pathogenic fungi. Despite fungal melanin’s importance in human disease, as well as melanin’s contribution to the ability of fungi to survive in diverse hostile environments, the structure of melanin remains unsolved. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts have progressively revealed several notable structural characteristics of this enigmatic pigment, which will be the focus of this review. These compositional and organizational insights could further our ability to develop novel therapeutic approaches to combat fungal disease and enhance our understanding of how melanin is inserted into the cell wall.
The Smell Of Hopelessness, Juline Cariba Rachel Party
The Smell Of Hopelessness, Juline Cariba Rachel Party
Capstones
Rafts of sargassum seaweed kilometers wide have been invading the Caribbean for more than five years, but 2015 was the worst. Tons of seaweed stretch from Texas south to Trinidad and Tobago, with the Lesser Antilles suffering the most damage. Residents near beaches are exposed to an insidious and pernicious danger, scientists say, from fumes that smell like rotten eggs, emitted by the decaying algae. The odor also drives tourists away from beaches and restaurants, and the tourism economy is collapsing.Amid the algae crisis, an elderly woman, Virginie Mark, is trying to survive. She struggles with her health, finances and …
Impact Of Executive Order 13211 On Environmental Regulation: An Empirical Study, Elizabeth Ann Glass Geltman
Impact Of Executive Order 13211 On Environmental Regulation: An Empirical Study, Elizabeth Ann Glass Geltman
Publications and Research
A great deal has been written about the Energy Policy Act of 2005 exempting oil and gas operations using hydraulic fracturing from the purview of certain federal environmental laws. Far less attention has been paid to George W. Bush’s Executive Order 13211 (EO 13211), entitled “Actions Concerning Regulations that Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use.” The executive order requires federal agencies to evaluate the impact of federal regulations on “supply, distribution and use of energy.” This study examined the impact of EO 13211 on United States environmental and conservation regulations proposed and promulgated by federal agencies. The study found …
Parn Deadenylase Is Involved In Mirna-Dependent Degradation Of Tp53 Mrna In Mammalian Cells, Xiaokan Zhang, Emral Devany, Michael R. Murphy, Galina Glazman, Mirjana Persaud, Frida E. Kleiman
Parn Deadenylase Is Involved In Mirna-Dependent Degradation Of Tp53 Mrna In Mammalian Cells, Xiaokan Zhang, Emral Devany, Michael R. Murphy, Galina Glazman, Mirjana Persaud, Frida E. Kleiman
Publications and Research
mRNA deadenylation is under the control of cis-acting regulatory elements, which include AU-rich elements (AREs) and microRNA (miRNA) targeting sites, within the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTRs) of eukaryotic mRNAs. Deadenylases promote miRNA-induced mRNA decay through their interaction with miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). However, the role of poly(A) specific ribonuclease (PARN) deadenylase in miRNA-dependent mRNA degradation has not been elucidated. Here, we present evidence that not only ARE- but also miRNA-mediated pathways are involved in PARN-mediated regulation of the steady state levels of TP53 mRNA, which encodes the tumor suppressor p53. Supporting this, Argonaute-2 (Ago-2), the core component of miRISC, …
Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis Of Site-Specific Isotopically Labeled Nucleotides For Use In Nmr Resonance Assignment, Dynamics And Structural Characterizations, Andrew P. Longhini, Regan M. Leblanc, Owen Becette, Carolina Salguero, Christoph H. Wunderlich, Bruce A. Johnson, Victoria M. D'Souza, Christoph Kreutz, T. Kwaku Dayle
Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis Of Site-Specific Isotopically Labeled Nucleotides For Use In Nmr Resonance Assignment, Dynamics And Structural Characterizations, Andrew P. Longhini, Regan M. Leblanc, Owen Becette, Carolina Salguero, Christoph H. Wunderlich, Bruce A. Johnson, Victoria M. D'Souza, Christoph Kreutz, T. Kwaku Dayle
Advanced Science Research Center
Stable isotope labeling is central to NMR studies of nucleic acids. Development of methods that incorporate labels at specific atomic positions within each nucleotide promises to expand the size range of RNAs that can be studied by NMR. Using recombinantly expressed enzymes and chemically synthesized ribose and nucleobase, we have developed an inexpensive, rapid chemo-enzymatic method to label ATP and GTP site specifically and in high yields of up to 90%.We incorporated these nucleotides into RNAs with sizes ranging from 27 to 59 nucleotides using in vitro transcription: A-Site (27 nt), the iron responsive elements (29 nt), a fluoride riboswitch …
Development And Evaluation Of A Multi-Year Fractional Surface Water Data Set Derived From Active/Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Data, Ronny Schroeder, Kyle C. Mcdonald, Bruce D. Chapman, Katherine Jensen, Erika Podest, Zachary D. Tessler, Theodore J. Bohn, Reiner Zimmermann
Development And Evaluation Of A Multi-Year Fractional Surface Water Data Set Derived From Active/Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Data, Ronny Schroeder, Kyle C. Mcdonald, Bruce D. Chapman, Katherine Jensen, Erika Podest, Zachary D. Tessler, Theodore J. Bohn, Reiner Zimmermann
Publications and Research
The sensitivity of Earth’s wetlands to observed shifts in global precipitation and temperature patterns and their ability to produce large quantities of methane gas are key global change questions. We present a microwave satellite-based approach for mapping fractional surface water (FW) globally at 25-km resolution. The approach employs a land cover-supported, atmospherically-corrected dynamic mixture model applied to 20+ years (1992–2013) of combined, daily, passive/active microwave remote sensing data. The resulting product, known as Surface WAter Microwave Product Series (SWAMPS), shows strong microwave sensitivity to sub-grid scale open water and inundated wetlands comprising open plant canopies. SWAMPS’ FW compares favorably (R2 …
Training A New Trick Using No-Reward Markers: Effects On Dogs’ Performance And Stress Behaviors, Naomi Rotenberg
Training A New Trick Using No-Reward Markers: Effects On Dogs’ Performance And Stress Behaviors, Naomi Rotenberg
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored using no-reward markers (NRMs). Dogs were taught a novel trick. In the IG group dogs’ errors were ignored; in the NRM group they elicited a tone. Performance and stress were evaluated. IG dogs reached higher levels of performance, with no difference in the frequency of stress behaviors.
Biomechanical Performances Of Networked Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate: Effect Of Photoinitiator Concentration, Temperature, And Incubation Time, Morshed Khandaker, Albert Orock, Stefano Tarantini, Jeremiah White, Ozlem Yasar
Biomechanical Performances Of Networked Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate: Effect Of Photoinitiator Concentration, Temperature, And Incubation Time, Morshed Khandaker, Albert Orock, Stefano Tarantini, Jeremiah White, Ozlem Yasar
Publications and Research
Nutrient conduit networks can be introduced within the Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) tissue construct to enable cells to survive in the scaffold. Nutrient conduit networks can be created on PEGDA by macrochannel to nanochannel fabrication techniques. Such networks can influence the mechanical and cell activities of PEGDA scaffold. There is no study conducted to evaluate the effect of nutrient conduit networks on the maximum tensile stress and cell activities of the tissue scaffold.The study aimed to explore the influence of the network architecture on the maximum tensile stress of PEGDA scaffold and compared with the nonnetworked PEGDA scaffold. Our study …
The New York Head—A Precise Standardized Volume Conductor Model For Eeg Source Localization And Tes Targeting, Yu Huang, Lucas C. Parra, Stefan Haufe
The New York Head—A Precise Standardized Volume Conductor Model For Eeg Source Localization And Tes Targeting, Yu Huang, Lucas C. Parra, Stefan Haufe
Publications and Research
In source localization of electroencephalograpic (EEG) signals, as well as in targeted transcranial electric current stimulation (tES), a volume conductor model is required to describe the flow of electric currents in the head. Boundary element models (BEM) can be readily computed to representmajor tissue compartments, but cannot encode detailed anatomical information within compartments. Finite element models (FEM) can capture more tissue types and intricate anatomical structures, but with the higher precision also comes the need for semiautomated segmentation, and a higher computational cost. In either case, adjusting to the individual human anatomy requires costlymagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thus head …
Factors Influencing The Choice Of A Safe Haven For Offloading Illegally Caught Fish: A Comparative Analysis Of Developed And Developing Economies, Nerea Marteache, Julie S. Viollaz, Gohar A. Petrossian
Factors Influencing The Choice Of A Safe Haven For Offloading Illegally Caught Fish: A Comparative Analysis Of Developed And Developing Economies, Nerea Marteache, Julie S. Viollaz, Gohar A. Petrossian
Publications and Research
Using data from 72 countries, this study focuses on factors that affect illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing vessels’ choice of country to offload their catch, with a specific emphasis on the differences between developed and developing economies. The concept of choice-structuring properties is applied to analyze whether the following factors influence the selection of a country: concealability of vessels and illegally caught fish; convenience of the ports; strength of fisheries monitoring, control, and surveillance measures; effectiveness of country governance; and commitment to wildlife protection regulations. Results indicate that, rather than a country’s level of development, situational factors play a …
Cladribine Analogues Via O6-(Benzotriazolyl) Derivatives Of Guanine Nucleosides, Sakilam Satishkumar, Prasanna K. Vuram, Siva Subrahmanyam Relangi, Venkateshwarlu Gurram, Hong Zhou, Robert J. Kreitman, Michelle M. Martínez Montemayor, Lijia Yang, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, Somesh Sharma, Narender Pottabathini, Mahesh K. Lakshman
Cladribine Analogues Via O6-(Benzotriazolyl) Derivatives Of Guanine Nucleosides, Sakilam Satishkumar, Prasanna K. Vuram, Siva Subrahmanyam Relangi, Venkateshwarlu Gurram, Hong Zhou, Robert J. Kreitman, Michelle M. Martínez Montemayor, Lijia Yang, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, Somesh Sharma, Narender Pottabathini, Mahesh K. Lakshman
Publications and Research
Cladribine, 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine, is a highly efficacious, clinically used nucleoside for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. It is also being evaluated against other lymphoid malignancies and has been a molecule of interest for well over half a century. In continuation of our interest in the amide bond-activation in purine nucleosides via the use of (benzotriazol-1yl-oxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, we have evaluated the use of O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine as a potential precursor to cladribine and its analogues. These compounds, after appropriate deprotection, were assessed for their biological activities, and the data are presented herein. Against hairy cell leukemia (HCL), T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and chronic lymphocytic …
Two Distinct Modes Of Metal Ion Binding In The Nuclease Active Site Of A Viral Dna-Packaging Terminase: Insight Into The Two-Metal-Ion Catalytic Mechanism, Haiyan Zhao, Zihan Lin, Anna Y. Lynn, Brittany Varnado, John A. Beutler, Ryan P. Murelli, Stuart F.J. Le Grice, Liang Tang
Two Distinct Modes Of Metal Ion Binding In The Nuclease Active Site Of A Viral Dna-Packaging Terminase: Insight Into The Two-Metal-Ion Catalytic Mechanism, Haiyan Zhao, Zihan Lin, Anna Y. Lynn, Brittany Varnado, John A. Beutler, Ryan P. Murelli, Stuart F.J. Le Grice, Liang Tang
Publications and Research
Many dsDNA viruses encode DNA-packaging terminases, each containing a nuclease domain that resolves concatemeric DNA into genome-length units. Terminase nucleases resemble the RNase H-superfamily nucleotidyltransferases in folds, and share a two-metal-ion catalytic mechanism. Here we show that residue K428 of a bacteriophage terminase gp2 nuclease domain mediates binding of the metal cofactor Mg2+. A K428A mutation allows visualization, at high resolution, of a metal ion binding mode with a coupled-octahedral configuration at the active site, exhibiting an unusually short metal-metal distance of 2.42 A° . Such proximity of the two metal ions may play an essential role in catalysis by …
Explorations In Advancing Microalgae Productivity, Peter Neofotis
Explorations In Advancing Microalgae Productivity, Peter Neofotis
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis is part of an effort to advance microalgae cultivation for biofuel and high value products. The first chapters describe a large scale screening effort in which novel strains that hold great promise in large outdoor cultivation systems were isolated. Among these are strains of Scenedesmus obliquus, Borodinellopsis texensis, Chlorella sorokiniana, Ankistrodesmus, Coelastrella, and a previously uncharacterized species in the Chlamydomonadales. These species are characterized in terms of their phylogenetic relationship, biomass productivity, and, for some, lipid and carotenoid profiles under growth and stress conditions. Also discussed in regards to growth metabolism and oil …
Systematics And Evolution Of The Ronnbergia Alliance (Bromeliaceae): History Of Disjunct Diversification In Three Biodiversity Hotspots Of The Neotropics, Julian Andres Aguirre Santoro
Systematics And Evolution Of The Ronnbergia Alliance (Bromeliaceae): History Of Disjunct Diversification In Three Biodiversity Hotspots Of The Neotropics, Julian Andres Aguirre Santoro
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The systematics, biogeography and evolution of the 'Ronnbergia Alliance,' a nested lineage within the Core Bromelioideae, were investigated. In the first chapter, the phylogenetic relationships of the Ronnbergia Alliance were reconstructed using three chloroplast and three nuclear DNA sequence markers in combination with a wide species sampling across the Core Bromelioideae and a nearly complete species-level sampling of the five species complexes that likely comprise the Ronnbergia Alliance. The analysis indicates that the Ronnbergia Alliance is a robust monophyletic group sister to the remaining Core Bromelioideae, and it is composed by species of the polyphyletic genera Aechmea, Hohenbergia and Ronnbergia. …
Mechanisms Of Vocal Coordination In Zebra Finches, Jonathan I. Benichov
Mechanisms Of Vocal Coordination In Zebra Finches, Jonathan I. Benichov
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Social animals frequently emit communication calls. Although these calls are often innate in their acoustic structure, they can be used adaptably to coordinate behavior with other individuals. It is not known, however, what each animal needs to learn in order to achieve and maintain synchronized call patterns with others. To study this process, we have developed a vocal robot that can be programed to generate call patterns or to sense a bird's contact (short) calls and respond with precisely timed call answers. By varying the robot's vocal behavior, including call timing and rhythm, we tested how interacting zebra finches adapt …
Systematic Studies Of Elaphoglossum Section Polytrichia (Dryopteridaceae), Fernando Bittencourt De Matos
Systematic Studies Of Elaphoglossum Section Polytrichia (Dryopteridaceae), Fernando Bittencourt De Matos
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Elaphoglossum is the largest genus of the largest family of ferns, the Dryopteridaceae. It has over 600 species distributed in the temperate and tropical regions of the world, but it is especially diverse in the Neotropics, where ca. 80% of the species occur. Morphologically, the genus is usually characterized by simple entire leaves, free veins, acrostichoid sori, and phyllopodia. One of the major clades within Elaphoglossum is the "subulate-scaled clade," which includes all species with subulate scales on the leaves. These scales are often patent and enrolled lengthwise, imparting a bristly or shaggy appearance to the plants. Previous studies have …
Knowledge Discovery And Prediction Modeling Of Protein-Drug Binding Kinetic By Integrating Machine Learning, Normal Mode Analysis And Molecular Dynamics Simulation, See Hong Chiu
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
One of the unaddressed challenges in drug discovery is that drug potency measured by protein-ligand binding affinity, such as IC50 and Kd in vitro, is not correlated with drug activity in vivo. Computational modeling is playing an increasing role in designing efficient therapeutics. However, existing computational methods for the high-throughput study of protein-ligand interactions (PLI) mainly focus on the prediction of the binding affinity. This is the combined effect of association (kon) and dissociation (koff) rate constants. Few works have been produced to predict koff or its reciprocal, residence time, which is a key …
The Role Of Perineuronal Nets In Regulating Barrel Cortex Physiology, Philip Chu
The Role Of Perineuronal Nets In Regulating Barrel Cortex Physiology, Philip Chu
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The ability of the brain to adapt to changing environmental conditions is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. One component of the brain extracellular matrix, a scaffold of proteins and proteoglycans, tightly ensheaths the soma and proximal processes of neurons. These Perineuronal nets (PNNs) play protective and structural roles in the brain, but also regulate plasticity and behavior. Their developmental expression is highly attenuated following sensory deprivation, or pharmacological silencing of neuronal activity. Thus, PNNs contribute to the activity dependent regulation of plasticity in the brain. Although PNNs are relatively ubiquitous in the neocortex, little is known about the degree …
The Inconstancy Of Bodies: Yvonne Meier's Works, 1985 ' 2012, Lindsey Ann Drury
The Inconstancy Of Bodies: Yvonne Meier's Works, 1985 ' 2012, Lindsey Ann Drury
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
What is ability? And conversely, what is disability? This research on the dancer and choreographer Yvonne Meier theorizes that her more than 30-year career has challenged the oft perceived polarities between function and dysfunction, utility and futility through the physical actions of dance performances. As she developed as a dancer and choreographer, Meier engaged in forms of movement training that pledged to expand her ability by unearthing the hidden causes and effects of actions. And yet, she created works which foregrounded the very gaps in knowledge between acts, their intentions, and effects. The fundamental disability expressed through Meier's works is …
Pseudomonas Bacteriophage Phi6 As A Model For Virus Emergence, Brian Elwood Ford
Pseudomonas Bacteriophage Phi6 As A Model For Virus Emergence, Brian Elwood Ford
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The Pseudomonas bacteriophage Φ6 has a long and well-established history as a model organism. Here we describe a set of experiments to extend this model system to concepts previously unclaimed. Chapter 1 presents a brief background of the ecology of viruses that infect microorganisms. Chapter 2 examines genetic mutations allowing for host range expansion. Chapter 3 presents a novel paired strain assay to study how a non genetic host-acquired factor affects fitness of these enveloped viruses on subsequent hosts. Chapter 4 is an extension of this system to include how the bacteria host is affected in virus-host coevolution.
Climate, Resource Phenology, And Demographic Population Structure Impacts On Songbird Habitat Quality, Ashley Ozelski
Climate, Resource Phenology, And Demographic Population Structure Impacts On Songbird Habitat Quality, Ashley Ozelski
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Monitoring bird populations becomes more complex as climate change alters species' relationships with their habitats. The presence of a species does not necessarily indicate a thriving population; in fact, we expect to see changes in demography and nest success before extinction at a site. Here, I first model aspects of demography as a proxy for habitat quality across a large portion of a species' range, using land cover and climate predictors. I show a gradient of high to low habitat quality from north to south within the range for the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia), with summer temperature and …
Exploring Chromatin-Bound Mdm2 Functions In Compromised Transcriptional Regulation Of P53 Target Genes, Melissa Rosso
Exploring Chromatin-Bound Mdm2 Functions In Compromised Transcriptional Regulation Of P53 Target Genes, Melissa Rosso
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
MDM2 overexpression is a common occurrence in many types of cancer. A single nucleotide polymorphism (T to G) near the mdm2 promoter, termed mdm2 SNP309, leads to MDM2 overexpression. This polymorphism is associated with accelerated tumor formation, decreased sensitivity to DNA damage treatment and compromised p53 transcriptional activity. Two G/G SNP309 cancer cell lines MANCA and A875, a Burkitts' lymphoma and melanoma respectively, express a stable wild-type p53 protein. We previously reported these cells have DNA damage resistant MDM2-p53 chromatin complexes and hypothesized that MDM2 is the contributing factor for the compromised p53 transcriptional activity. We created constitutive mdm2 shRNA …
The Importance Of Bioacoustics For Dolphin Welfare: Soundscape Characterization With Implications For Management, Heather Ruth Spence
The Importance Of Bioacoustics For Dolphin Welfare: Soundscape Characterization With Implications For Management, Heather Ruth Spence
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Sound is the primary sensory modality for dolphins, yet policies mitigating anthropogenic sound exposure are limited in wild populations and even fewer noise policies or guidelines have been developed for governing dolphin welfare under human care. Concerns have been raised that dolphins under human care live in facilities that are too noisy, or are too acoustically sterile. However, these claims have not been evaluated to characterize facility soundscapes, and further, how they compare to wild soundscapes. The soundscape of a wild dolphin habitat off the coast of Quintana, Roo, Mexico was characterized based on Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) recordings over …
The Insulin/Igf Signaling Regulator Cytohesin/Grp-1 Modulates Sensitivity To Excitotoxicity In C. Elegans, Nazila Tehrani
The Insulin/Igf Signaling Regulator Cytohesin/Grp-1 Modulates Sensitivity To Excitotoxicity In C. Elegans, Nazila Tehrani
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Excitotoxicity is a form of neurodegeneration that serves as the main underlying cause of brain damage in stroke/brain ischemia, and a contributing factor in a range of neurological diseases such as Epilepsy, ALS, Alzheimer, and Huntington's disease. In excitotoxicity, over-activation of glutamate receptors causes necrotic neuronal cell death. In spite of intense study of excitotoxicity, the molecular mechanisms that lead from glutamate receptor activation to necrotic death remain a mystery. Aging neurons are known to be more vulnerable to excitotoxicity and less likely to recover, but the underlying reasons for the increased cellular vulnerability are unknown. To gain insight into …
Matrix Stiffness Regulates Glial Cell Morphology And Differentiation, Mateusz M. Urbanski
Matrix Stiffness Regulates Glial Cell Morphology And Differentiation, Mateusz M. Urbanski
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Studies from our laboratory have shown that inhibition of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) activity has opposite effects on the formation of myelin by oligodendrocytes (OL), the myelinating glia of the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells (SC), which perform the same function in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The decrease of NMII activity in SC impairs their ability to establish polarity and myelinate, while its inhibition in OL enhances process branching and increases the amount of myelin formed in vitro an in vivo. A growing number of studies have shown that NMII also plays a role in the ability …
Characterizing Migratory Signaling Pathways Of Transplantable Retinal Progenitor Cells And Photoreceptor Precursor Cells Toward Restoration Of Degenerative Retina ' A Systems Biology Approach, Uchenna John Unachukwu
Characterizing Migratory Signaling Pathways Of Transplantable Retinal Progenitor Cells And Photoreceptor Precursor Cells Toward Restoration Of Degenerative Retina ' A Systems Biology Approach, Uchenna John Unachukwu
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
A common feature of several heterogeneous diseases that result in retinal degeneration (RD) is photoreceptor loss, leading to an irreversible decline in visual function [15-17]. There are no cell replacement treatments available for RD diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although many RD cases are of a genetic origin, a promising strategy to treat diseased phenotypes is by replacing lost photoreceptor cells, for synaptic integration and restoration of visual function. To advance photoreceptor-replacement strategies as a practical therapy, in light of highly restricted integration rates reported across studies, this body of research focused on defining …
Population Genomics Of White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus) In New York City, Stephen Edward Harris
Population Genomics Of White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus) In New York City, Stephen Edward Harris
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Urbanization significantly alters natural ecosystems. New York City (NYC) is one of the oldest and most urbanized cities in North America, but still maintains substantial populations of some native wildlife. The white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, is a common resident of NYC's forest fragments, and isolated populations may adapt in response to novel urban ecosystems. Using pooled transcriptome-wide RNAseq data, individually barcoded transcriptome-wide RNAseq data, and genome-wide RADseq data, I found genetic differentiation between urban and rural P. leucopus populations and evidence suggestive of local adaptation. I compared genome and transcriptome-wide SNP data in P. leucopus from relatively large urban …
The Ecology Of Winter Flounder From An Otolith Perspective, George William Jackman
The Ecology Of Winter Flounder From An Otolith Perspective, George William Jackman
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this dissertation, sagittal otoliths were used as a lens to examine latent life history patterns in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and also as a means of interpreting the species' relationship to their abiotic and biotic environment. Otoliths provide a unique and powerful perspective into the lives of the telost fishes, because they permanently record the spatial and temporal histories through sequential growth patterns from conception to capture. The patterns of growth and dormancy in the otolith are regulated by endogenous and exogenous rhythms, and as the otolith grows, trace elements are absorbed from the ambient environment and …