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California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

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Articles 1501 - 1530 of 2152

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Use Of Flow Cytometry To Assess Rumen Bacteria In Dairy Heifers Limit Fed Different Forage To Concentrate Ratios With Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, G. J. Lascano, A. J. Heinrichs Jul 2008

The Use Of Flow Cytometry To Assess Rumen Bacteria In Dairy Heifers Limit Fed Different Forage To Concentrate Ratios With Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, G. J. Lascano, A. J. Heinrichs

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

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Odor Evaluation And Gas Emission From Manure Of Dairy Heifers Fed High/Low - Forage Quality And High/Low-Concentrate Diets, Patrick A. Topper, Robin Brandt, Arlene Adviento-Borbe, Gustavo J. Lascano, Arlyn J. Heinrichs, Eileen F. Wheeler Jun 2008

Odor Evaluation And Gas Emission From Manure Of Dairy Heifers Fed High/Low - Forage Quality And High/Low-Concentrate Diets, Patrick A. Topper, Robin Brandt, Arlene Adviento-Borbe, Gustavo J. Lascano, Arlyn J. Heinrichs, Eileen F. Wheeler

Dairy Science

A heifer feeding trial evaluated the impact of high/low forage quality and high/low concentrate level nutrient-balanced diets on simultaneous odor and gas emissions from the manure. Gas concentration was determined using an infrared photoacoustic analyzer over a 24-hour period using a steady-state flux chamber setup containing urine:feces as-excreted from eight individual heifers. Odorous air samples were collected from chamber headspace and evaluated by six human assessors for pleasantness, intensity and detection threshold using a forced-choice dynamic olfactometer. Ammonia emission ranged from 0.64 to 3.94 mg NH3 cm-2 d-1 across diets. Average ammonia emission from the low concentrate (80% forage) diets …

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Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Pfps): A Systematic Review Of Anatomy And Potential Risk Factors, Gregory R. Waryasz, Ann Y. Mcdermott Jun 2008

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Pfps): A Systematic Review Of Anatomy And Potential Risk Factors, Gregory R. Waryasz, Ann Y. Mcdermott

Kinesiology and Public Health

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), a common cause of anterior knee pain, is successfully treated in over 2/3 of patients through rehabilitation protocols designed to reduce pain and return function to the individual. Applying preventive medicine strategies, the majority of cases of PFPS may be avoided if a pre-diagnosis can be made by clinician or certified athletic trainer testing the current researched potential risk factors during a Preparticipation Screening Evaluation (PPSE). We provide a detailed and comprehensive review of the soft tissue, arterial system, and innervation to the patellofemoral joint in order to supply the clinician with the knowledge required to …

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Mulched Cover Crops As An Alternative To Conventional Weed Management Systems In Vineyards, Scott J. Steinmaus, C. L. Elmore, R. J. Smith, D. Donaldson, E. A. Weber, J. A. Roncoroni, P. R.M. Miller Jun 2008

Mulched Cover Crops As An Alternative To Conventional Weed Management Systems In Vineyards, Scott J. Steinmaus, C. L. Elmore, R. J. Smith, D. Donaldson, E. A. Weber, J. A. Roncoroni, P. R.M. Miller

Biological Sciences

Conventional methods of weed management in vineyards rely primarily on herbicides and tillage. The desire to adopt alternatives to these methods is driven by environmental and economic reasons. Weed suppression and grape yield under mulched cover crop systems at two rainfed northern California vineyards were similar to, and at times exceeded, those under conventional tillage or herbicide management. Cover crop productivity was positively correlated with weed suppression and mulch decomposition rates and seemed to be determined primarily by location and then by cover crop type. The mulch from mowed cover crops averaged 603(± 94) gm−2 at the two sites. …

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Climate Change And The Future Of California's Endemic Flora, Scott R. Loarie, Benjamin E. Carter, Katherine Hayhoe, Sean Mcmahon, Richard Moe, Charles A. Knight, David D. Ackerly Jun 2008

Climate Change And The Future Of California's Endemic Flora, Scott R. Loarie, Benjamin E. Carter, Katherine Hayhoe, Sean Mcmahon, Richard Moe, Charles A. Knight, David D. Ackerly

Biological Sciences

The flora of California, a global biodiversity hotspot, includes 2387 endemic plant taxa. With anticipated climate change, we project that up to 66% will experience >80% reductions in range size within a century. These results are comparable with other studies of fewer species or just samples of a region’s endemics. Projected reductions depend on the magnitude of future emissions and on the ability of species to disperse from their current locations. California’s varied terrain could cause species to move in very different directions, breaking up present-day floras. However, our projections also identify regions where species undergoing severe range reductions may …

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Holiday Weight Management By Successful Weight Losers And Normal Weight Individuals, Suzanne Phelan, Rena R. Wing, Hollie A. Raynor, Julia Dibello, Kim Nedeau, Wanfeng Peng Jun 2008

Holiday Weight Management By Successful Weight Losers And Normal Weight Individuals, Suzanne Phelan, Rena R. Wing, Hollie A. Raynor, Julia Dibello, Kim Nedeau, Wanfeng Peng

Kinesiology and Public Health

This study compared weight control strategies during the winter holidays among successful weight losers (SWL) in the National Weight Control Registry and normal weight individuals (NW) with no history of obesity. SWL (n = 178) had lost a mean of 34.9 kg and had kept =13.6 kg off for a mean of 5.9 years. NW (n = 101) had a body mass index of 18.5-24.9 kg/m². More SWL than NW reported plans to be extremely strict in maintaining their usual dietary routine (27.3% vs. 0%) and exercise routine (59.1% vs. 14.3%) over the holidays. Main effects for group indicated that …

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Spatial And Temporal Variation In The Natal Otolith Chemistry Of A Hawaiian Reef Fish: Prospects For Measuring Population Connectivity, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Scott L. Hamilton, Robert R. Warner May 2008

Spatial And Temporal Variation In The Natal Otolith Chemistry Of A Hawaiian Reef Fish: Prospects For Measuring Population Connectivity, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Scott L. Hamilton, Robert R. Warner

Biological Sciences

One of the most compelling unanswered questions in marine ecology is the extent to which local populations are connected via larval exchange. Recent work has suggested that variation in the chemistry of otoliths (earstones) of fishes may function as a natural tag, potentially allowing investigators to determine sources of individual larvae and estimate larval connectivity. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variation in natal otolith chemistry of a benthic-spawning reef fish from the Hawaiian Islands. We found no consistent chemical variation at the largest scale (>100 km, among islands), but found significant variation at moderate scales (sites within islands, …

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Integrating Across Life-History Stages: Consequences Of Natal Habitat Effects On Dispersal, Michael F. Benard, Shannon J. Mccauley May 2008

Integrating Across Life-History Stages: Consequences Of Natal Habitat Effects On Dispersal, Michael F. Benard, Shannon J. Mccauley

Biological Sciences

Ecological and evolutionary processes are affected by forces acting at both local and regional scales, yet our understanding of how these scales interact has remained limited. These processes are fundamentally linked through individuals that develop as juveniles in one environment and then either remain in the natal habitat or disperse to new environments. Empirical studies in a diverse range of organisms have demonstrated that the conditions experienced in the natal habitat can have profound effects on the adult phenotype. This environmentally induced phenotypic variation can in turn affect the probability that an individual will disperse to a new environment and …

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Inhibition Of Barnacle (Amphibalanus Amphitrite) Cyprid Settlement By Means Of Localized, Pulsed Electric Fields, Rodolfo E. Perez-Roa, Marc A. Anderson, Dan Rittschof, Beatriz Orihuela, Dean Wendt, Gregory L. Kowalke, Daniel R. Noguera May 2008

Inhibition Of Barnacle (Amphibalanus Amphitrite) Cyprid Settlement By Means Of Localized, Pulsed Electric Fields, Rodolfo E. Perez-Roa, Marc A. Anderson, Dan Rittschof, Beatriz Orihuela, Dean Wendt, Gregory L. Kowalke, Daniel R. Noguera

Biological Sciences

The increasing needs for environmental friendly antifouling coatings have led to investigation of new alternatives for replacing copper and TBT-based paints. In this study, results are presented from larval settlement assays of the barnacle Amphibalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite on planar, interdigitated electrodes (IDE), having 8 or 25 mum of inter-electrode spacing, upon the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF). Using pulses of 100 ms in duration, 200 Hz in frequency and 10 V in pulse amplitude, barnacle settlement below 5% was observed, while similar IDE surfaces without pulse application had an average of 40% settlement. The spacing between the electrodes …

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Correlates Of C-Reactive Protein Levels In Young Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study Of 3827 Subjects In Brazil, Aydin Nazmi, I. O. Oliveira, Cesar G. Victora May 2008

Correlates Of C-Reactive Protein Levels In Young Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study Of 3827 Subjects In Brazil, Aydin Nazmi, I. O. Oliveira, Cesar G. Victora

Food Science and Nutrition

The socio-demographic, behavioral and anthropometric correlates of C-reactive protein levels were examined in a representative young adult Brazilian population. The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (Brazil) recruited over 99% of births in the city of Pelotas that year (N = 5914). Individuals belonging to the cohort have been prospectively followed up. In 2004-2005, 77.4% of the cohort was traced, members were interviewed and 3827 individuals donated blood. Analyses of the outcome were based on a conceptual model that differentiated confounders from potential mediators. The following independent variables were studied in relation to levels of C-reactive protein in sex-stratified analyses: skin …

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The Relationship Of Agricultural Mechanics Teachers’ Confidence In Their Mathematic Skills And Confidence In Their Ability To Teach Mathematic Skills, Benjamin G, Swan, Lori L. Moore, Cody J. Echevarria Apr 2008

The Relationship Of Agricultural Mechanics Teachers’ Confidence In Their Mathematic Skills And Confidence In Their Ability To Teach Mathematic Skills, Benjamin G, Swan, Lori L. Moore, Cody J. Echevarria

Agricultural Education and Communication

This study assessed Idaho agricultural science and technology teachers that taught at least one agricultural mechanics course during the 2006-2007 school year in terms of their confidence level in their own mathematics skills and their ability to teach mathematics skills. Data were collected using Dillman’s Tailored Design Method (2000) resulting in a response rate of 56.84% (N=95, n=54). Data were used to identify relationships between the level of confidence in mathematic abilities and confidence in ability to teach mathematics. A strong relationship was found between the confidence agricultural mechanics teachers had in their ability to perform mathematic tasks and their …

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Progress Toward Cariporide Analogs For Sodium-Proton Exchange Inhibition, Jessica Moore, Mark Graves Ii, Jacob A. Vervynckt, William Harley, Fredric Gorin, Hasan Palandoken Apr 2008

Progress Toward Cariporide Analogs For Sodium-Proton Exchange Inhibition, Jessica Moore, Mark Graves Ii, Jacob A. Vervynckt, William Harley, Fredric Gorin, Hasan Palandoken

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The sodium proton exchanger (NHE) is particularly important in maintaining the intracellular pH in human heart and brain. Under anaerobic conditions (i.e., ischemia), a shift from oxidative to nonoxidative glycolysis occurs. The resultant decrease in the intracellular pH activates NHE, which increases the intracellular sodium, initiating the sequence of physiological events that lead to cell death. Thus, there has been great interest in the development of compounds that inhibit NHE. Indeed, potent NHE inhibitors are available. However, a fundamental impediment to the field is the delivery of these compounds to poorly vascularized tissues during the early phases of ischemia when …

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The Effects Of Pc-Based Laboratories On Student Learning, Lester L. Pesterfield, Stuart Burris, Darwin B. Dahl, Hasan Palandoken, Jacqueline Pope-Tarrence Apr 2008

The Effects Of Pc-Based Laboratories On Student Learning, Lester L. Pesterfield, Stuart Burris, Darwin B. Dahl, Hasan Palandoken, Jacqueline Pope-Tarrence

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The Department of Chemistry at Western Kentucky University recently incorporated a net-worked MeasureNet data acquisition and analysis system into in the second semester General Chemistry laboratories. Our investigation team has conducted a study to evaluate the effects of the MeasureNet system on student learning and performance on a Beer's Law laboratory. We focused on two phenomena: the effect of the MeasureNet system on 1) student learning of specific content material and 2) student interest in chemistry and science in general. The study involved a MeasureNet system group (employing a UV-Vis spectrometer and colorimeters) and a control group (employing traditional Spectronic …

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Growth Hormone, Prolactin, And Sodium Acetate Have Complex And Non-Uniform Effects On The Lipid Distribution Of A Differentiated Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Line, Brent Fujimoto, Daniel G. Peterson Apr 2008

Growth Hormone, Prolactin, And Sodium Acetate Have Complex And Non-Uniform Effects On The Lipid Distribution Of A Differentiated Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Line, Brent Fujimoto, Daniel G. Peterson

Animal Science

Non-polar lipids (NPL) accumulate within the mammary epithelial cell during lactation; however there are no reported systematic studies that utilize NPL composition as a sign of differentiation. Additionally, there are no reported systematic studies on the response of a bovine mammary alveolar cell line (MAC-T), to a range of lactogenic hormone concentrations, or different lipogenic substrates. In a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, the effect of growth hormone (GH; 0, 10, 100 ng/ml), and prolactin (PRL; 0, 5, 10 µg/ml) on the lipid composition of MAC-T was examined using thin layer chromatography. Using the optimal hormone treatment (10 ng/ml GH, …

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Carbohydrate Response Element Binding-Protein Is Activated By Elevated Glucose Levels In The Normal Murine Liver Cell Line Nmuli, Jackson Adams, Daniel G. Peterson Apr 2008

Carbohydrate Response Element Binding-Protein Is Activated By Elevated Glucose Levels In The Normal Murine Liver Cell Line Nmuli, Jackson Adams, Daniel G. Peterson

Animal Science

Carbohydrate response element (ChRE) binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that is regulated by intracellular glucose levels and activates several lipogenic genes including acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). Previous studies of the ChREBP system have used both in vivo models as well as isolated primary hepatocytes. Due to the difficulties in isolation and genetic variability of primary cell culture, we propose the use of a normal murine liver cell line (NMuLi) as a convenient alternative to primary isolated hepatocytes. We show that high (25 mM) but not low (0.5 or 5 mM) glucose activates a luciferase reporter driven by 4 …

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Nutrition And Tuberculosis: A Review Of The Literature And Considerations For Tb Control Programs, Peggy Papathakis, Ellen Piwoz Apr 2008

Nutrition And Tuberculosis: A Review Of The Literature And Considerations For Tb Control Programs, Peggy Papathakis, Ellen Piwoz

Food Science and Nutrition

No abstract provided.

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Genome Size Scaling Through Phenotype Space, Charles A. Knight, Jeremy M. Beaulieu Apr 2008

Genome Size Scaling Through Phenotype Space, Charles A. Knight, Jeremy M. Beaulieu

Biological Sciences

Background and Aims Early observations that genome size was positively correlated with cell size formed the basis of hypothesized consequences of genome size variation at higher phenotypic scales. This scaling was supported by several studies showing a positive relationship between genome size and seed mass, and various metrics of growth and leaf morphology. However, many of these studies were undertaken with limited species sets, and often performed within a single genus. Here we seek to generalize the relationship between genome size and the phenotype by examining eight phenotypic traits using large cross-species comparisons involving diverse assemblages of angiosperm and gymnosperm …

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Maternal Effects Of Carotenoid Consumption In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gregory F. Grether, Gita R. Kolluru, K. Lin, M. A. Quiroz, G. Robertson, A. J. Snyder Apr 2008

Maternal Effects Of Carotenoid Consumption In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gregory F. Grether, Gita R. Kolluru, K. Lin, M. A. Quiroz, G. Robertson, A. J. Snyder

Biological Sciences

1. Carotenoids transferred from mother to offspring may enhance the quality of the offspring. Whether such maternal effects occur in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) has an important bearing on mate preference evolution.
2. By raising female guppies from birth on different dietary carotenoid levels, we examined the pattern of carotenoid allocation to maternal tissue (skin) vs. eggs. Skin carotenoid content was only weakly affected by carotenoid intake while egg carotenoid content was strongly affected.
3. We then tested for effects of maternal carotenoid intake on several measures of offspring quality, including size and condition at birth, juvenile growth rate, …

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Oligonucleotide Primers For The Detection Of Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates Reveal Novel Luciferase Sequences And Information On The Molecular Evolution Of This Gene, Andrea Baker, Ian Robbins, Mark A. Moline, Maria Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez Apr 2008

Oligonucleotide Primers For The Detection Of Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates Reveal Novel Luciferase Sequences And Information On The Molecular Evolution Of This Gene, Andrea Baker, Ian Robbins, Mark A. Moline, Maria Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez

Biological Sciences

Bioluminescence is reported in members of 18 dinoflagellate genera. Species of dinoflagellates are known to have different bioluminescent signatures, making it difficult to assess the presence of particular species in the water column using optical tools, particularly when bioluminescent populations are in nonbloom conditions. A "universal" oligonucleotide primer set, along with species and genus-specific primers specific to the luciferase gene were developed for the detection of bioluminescent dinoflagellates. These primers amplified luciferase sequences from bioluminescent dinoflagellate cultures and from environmental samples containing bioluminescent dinoflagellate populations. Novel luciferase sequences were obtained for strains of Alexandrium cf. catenella (Whedon et Kof.) Balech …

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Bio-Optics In Integrated Ocean Observing Networks: Potential For Studying Harmful Algal Blooms, Oscar Schofield, J. Bosch, Scott Glenn, Gary Kirkpatrick, John Kerfoot, Steven Lohrenz, Mark A. Moline, Matthew Oliver, Paul Bissett Apr 2008

Bio-Optics In Integrated Ocean Observing Networks: Potential For Studying Harmful Algal Blooms, Oscar Schofield, J. Bosch, Scott Glenn, Gary Kirkpatrick, John Kerfoot, Steven Lohrenz, Mark A. Moline, Matthew Oliver, Paul Bissett

Biological Sciences

Ships have a difficult time sampling the time and space scales relevant for understanding how the physics and chemistry regulates marine ecosystems (National Research Council 2000, 2003, Figure 3.1); therefore the biology in the oceans is chronically under-sampled. This is a major problem for policy makers and local governments charged with managing coastal resources who are increasingly being asked to develop ‘ecosystem-based management’ plans (US Ocean Commission on Ocean Policy, 2004). Th is is especially true in regions where Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are present (Hallegraeff, 1993). Ecosystem-based management requires a quantitative understanding of the processes controlling marine food webs. …

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Conjugated Linoleic Acids Alter Body Composition Differently According To Physiological Age In Moulard Ducks, Jeffrey Allen Fesler, Daniel G. Peterson Apr 2008

Conjugated Linoleic Acids Alter Body Composition Differently According To Physiological Age In Moulard Ducks, Jeffrey Allen Fesler, Daniel G. Peterson

Animal Science

Recent developments in the field of lipid biology have shown conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) to have remarkable yet inconsistent metabolic effects in mice, rats, hamsters, chickens, cows, and humans. In particular, effects on lipogenesis vary with tissue, physiological state, and specie. In this study, sub-adult (7 wk) and adult (11 wk) moulard ducks were grouped by age and fed a standard corn-soy based diet supplemented with either 5% soybean oil (control) or 5% CLA isomer mixture (30% 9c,11t, 30% 10t,12c; CLA). Animals were harvested after 3 wk or 6 wk for assessment of body composition including liver, adipose, viscera, and …

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Does Parenting Affect Children's Eating And Weight Status?, Alison K. Ventura, Leann L. Birch Mar 2008

Does Parenting Affect Children's Eating And Weight Status?, Alison K. Ventura, Leann L. Birch

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity among children has increased dramatically. Although the etiology of childhood obesity is multifactorial, to date, most preventive interventions have focused on school-aged children in school settings and have met with limited success. In this review, we focus on another set of influences that impact the development of children's eating and weight status: parenting and feeding styles and practices. Our review has two aims: (1) to assess the extent to which current evidence supports the hypothesis that parenting, via its effects on children's eating, is causally implicated in childhood obesity; and (2) to identify a …

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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate As A Foraging Cue For Reef Fishes, Jennifer L. Debose, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt Mar 2008

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate As A Foraging Cue For Reef Fishes, Jennifer L. Debose, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Moderate Zinc Restriction Affects Intestinal Health And Immune Function In Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice, Daniel G. Peterson, Angus G. Scrimgeour, James P. Mcclung, Elizabeth A. Koutsos Mar 2008

Moderate Zinc Restriction Affects Intestinal Health And Immune Function In Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice, Daniel G. Peterson, Angus G. Scrimgeour, James P. Mcclung, Elizabeth A. Koutsos

Animal Science

Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient that affects immune function, especially within the digestive system, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the effects of short-term moderate Zn restriction on intestinal health and immune function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice through plasma cytokine profiling and histological evaluation of intestinal tissue sections. Adult male mice were fed with a Zn-adequate (40 ppm) or a Zn-marginal (4 ppm) diet for 4 weeks, and then a bacterial challenge was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 μg/g body weight [BW]) or saline (control). BW was recorded weekly, and feed intake …

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Effects Of Short-Term Exercise And Energy Surplus On Hormones Related To Regulation Of Energy Balance, Todd A. Hagobian, Carrie G. Sharoff, Barry Braun Mar 2008

Effects Of Short-Term Exercise And Energy Surplus On Hormones Related To Regulation Of Energy Balance, Todd A. Hagobian, Carrie G. Sharoff, Barry Braun

Kinesiology and Public Health

Energy surplus raises circulating concentrations of leptin and insulin while lowering plasma ghrelin. Exercise has the opposite effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise counters the hormonal effects of energy surplus independent of changes in energy balance. To do that, we assessed plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, and ghrelin at baseline, after overfeeding, and after overfeeding plus exercise. Baseline (B) leptin and insulin concentrations and ghrelin area under the curve were measured during an oral glucose challenge in 9 healthy, active subjects (6 male, 3 female) after 2 days in energy balance without exercise. Measurements were …

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Eat Smart. Play HardTm San Luis Obispo: A Nutrition And Fitness Pilot Program For Young Children And Their Adult Buddies, Shirley S. Peterson, Dana E. Gerstein, Krista Mugford, Rachael Willey, Jenny Davis, Lisa M. Nicholson, Patricia B. Crawford Feb 2008

Eat Smart. Play HardTm San Luis Obispo: A Nutrition And Fitness Pilot Program For Young Children And Their Adult Buddies, Shirley S. Peterson, Dana E. Gerstein, Krista Mugford, Rachael Willey, Jenny Davis, Lisa M. Nicholson, Patricia B. Crawford

Food Science and Nutrition

Eat Smart. Play Hard™. San Luis Obispo!, a multi-component primary prevention program targeting low-income, Hispanic children 6-8 years, focuses on promoting healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors using an innovative child-adult buddy system approach. The child-adult buddies participate in multiple activities to increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and level of physical activity and decrease their consumption of sweetened beverages. The results of the pilot program show high program satisfaction and improvements in dietary and physical activity behaviors. Such programs provide an opportunity to establish and promote healthy behaviors among young children and ultimately prevent overweight development.

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Staying Alive: Maximizing Live Bacteria In Fermented Products, Phillip S. Tong Feb 2008

Staying Alive: Maximizing Live Bacteria In Fermented Products, Phillip S. Tong

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

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Slow, Fast And In Between: Habitat Distribution And Behaviour Of Larvae In Nine Species Of Libellulid Dragonfly, Shannon J. Mccauley Feb 2008

Slow, Fast And In Between: Habitat Distribution And Behaviour Of Larvae In Nine Species Of Libellulid Dragonfly, Shannon J. Mccauley

Biological Sciences

1. Activity and microhabitat use are important factors determining species performance in habitats that differ in permanence and species composition of top predators. This study examined the relationship between the distribution across a gradient of habitat permanence and an associated transition in the composition of top predators and the behaviour of species of larval dragonflies. It also assessed the relationship between larval behaviour, body size and the duration of the larval stage. In laboratory mesocosms the mobility of the different species was measured, as was the extent to which they associated with artificial vegetation. 2. Species mobility was positively related …

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Molecular Cloning And Sequence Analysis Of Multiple Cdna Variants For Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Β Subunit (Tshβ) In The Fathead Minnow (Pimephales Promelas), Sean C. Lema, Jon T. Dickey, Penny Swanson Feb 2008

Molecular Cloning And Sequence Analysis Of Multiple Cdna Variants For Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Β Subunit (Tshβ) In The Fathead Minnow (Pimephales Promelas), Sean C. Lema, Jon T. Dickey, Penny Swanson

Biological Sciences

We cloned and sequenced full-length cDNAs encoding the β subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHβ) from the pituitary of fathead minnow (Piephales promelas)using 5'-and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Three cDNA variants for TSHβ with lengths of 1184-, 1093-, and 818-bp were identified. The cDNA variant of 1184-bp included 453-bp of open-reading frame and 610-bp of 3' UTR followed by a poly(A)site. This cDNA encodes 150 amino acids including a 19 residue signal peptide and a mature TSHβ protein of 131 residues with sequence identities of 97–53% to other fishes and 42–39% to mammals. The 1093-bp cDNA variant …

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Correlated Evolution Of Genome Size And Cell Volume In Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), Jessica A. Connolly, Matthew J. Oliver, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, Charles A. Knight, Lars Tomanek, Mark A. Moline Feb 2008

Correlated Evolution Of Genome Size And Cell Volume In Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), Jessica A. Connolly, Matthew J. Oliver, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, Charles A. Knight, Lars Tomanek, Mark A. Moline

Biological Sciences

A correlation between genome size and cell volume has been observed across diverse assemblages of eukaryotes. We examined this relationship in diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), a phylum in which cell volume is of critical ecological and biogeochemical importance. In addition to testing whether there is a predictive relationship across extant species, we tested whether evolutionary divergences in genome size were correlated with evolutionary divergences in cell size (using independent contrasts). We estimated total DNA content for 16 diatom species using a flow cytometer and estimated cell volumes using critical dimensions with scaling equations. Our independent contrast analyses indicated a significant correlated evolution …

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