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Articles 2041 - 2070 of 2421

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Environmental Abundance Of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Habitats On Land Cover Change Sites In Karima Village, Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya, Benjamin G. Jacob, Ephantus Muturi, Patrick Halbig, Joseph Mwangangi, R. K. Wanjogu, Enock Mpanga, Jose Funes, Josephat Shililu, John Githure, James L. Regens, Robert J. Novak Jan 2007

Environmental Abundance Of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Habitats On Land Cover Change Sites In Karima Village, Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya, Benjamin G. Jacob, Ephantus Muturi, Patrick Halbig, Joseph Mwangangi, R. K. Wanjogu, Enock Mpanga, Jose Funes, Josephat Shililu, John Githure, James L. Regens, Robert J. Novak

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

A study was carried out at Karima Village in the Mwea Rice Irrigation Scheme in Kenya to assess the impact of rice husbandry and associated land cover change for mosquito larval abundance. A multi-temporal, land use land cover (LULC) classification dataset incorporating distributions of Anopheles arabiensis aquatic larval habitats was produced in ERDAS Imagine version 8.7 using combined images from IKONOS at 4m spatial resolution from 2005 and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)™ classification data at 30-meters spatial resolution from 1988 for Karima. Of 207 larval habitats sampled, most were either canals (53.4%) or paddies (45.9%), and only one habitat was …

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Mosquito Larval Habitats In A Semiarid Ecosystem In Eritrea: Impact Of Larval Habitat Management On Anopheles Arabiensis Population, Josephat Shililu, Charles Mbogo, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, John Githure, Robert Novak Jan 2007

Mosquito Larval Habitats In A Semiarid Ecosystem In Eritrea: Impact Of Larval Habitat Management On Anopheles Arabiensis Population, Josephat Shililu, Charles Mbogo, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, John Githure, Robert Novak

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This study investigated the impact of larval management and the temporal variation in larval productivity in Eritrea, a semiarid ecosystem. Results of this study show that mosquito breeding persists throughout the year mainly in stream bed pools. Anopheles arabiensis production in the ephemeral natural aquatic habitats such the streambed pools was high throughout the year and negatively associated with rainfall (r = -0.288, P = 0.047). High densities of An. arabiensis larvae were also recorded from canals and drainage channels at wells and communal water supply points. The numerous water supply locations and wells help sustain malaria transmission by serving …

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Nutrient Contents Of Pride Of Barbados (Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Linn.) Seeds, A. A. Yusuf, B. M. Mofio, A. B. Ahmed Jan 2007

Nutrient Contents Of Pride Of Barbados (Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Linn.) Seeds, A. A. Yusuf, B. M. Mofio, A. B. Ahmed

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Physical parameters and nutrient contents of the whole seeds and seed nuts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. were determined using gravimetric, Spectrophotometric and titrimetric method of analyses. Organic matter was high in both whole seeds and seed nuts 93.78-95.50 %, followed by dry matter 90.95-92.70 %. Crude protein was between 42.97-48.08%, carbohydrate was found to be 18.30-39.10%, crude fibre was between 5.98-9.06 %, crude lipid 5.65-6.0 %, and moisture content was between 7.30-9.05 % in whole seeds and seed nuts respectively. Abundance of mineral elements in whole seeds and seed nuts of C. pulcherrima were found to be in the order: …

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Masking Material As A Form Of Food Storage In Tiarinia Cornigera And Micippa Platipes (Brachyura, Majidae), J. Kyomo Dec 2006

Masking Material As A Form Of Food Storage In Tiarinia Cornigera And Micippa Platipes (Brachyura, Majidae), J. Kyomo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Masking or decorating, which means attaching materials to the body, was investigated in two spider crabs Tiarinia cornigera and Micippa platipesin the subtropical waters of Okinawa, Japan. This life strategy was compared between sites over a period of time. All crabs of different ages and sizes attached materials, in one combination or the other, on their bodies proportionate to their carapace sizes. Older or larger crabs had their carapaces more completely covered with the materials than young or smaller crabs. Similar materials were found at all sites and had equal selective precedences by crabs. Red algae, particularly Gelidiella sp, was …

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Farmers' Perceptions Of Importance, Control Practices And Alternative Hosts Of Maize Stemborers In Uganda, T. Kalule, Z. R. Khan, G. Bigirwa, J. Alupo, S. Okanya, J. A. Pickett, L. J. Wadhams Dec 2006

Farmers' Perceptions Of Importance, Control Practices And Alternative Hosts Of Maize Stemborers In Uganda, T. Kalule, Z. R. Khan, G. Bigirwa, J. Alupo, S. Okanya, J. A. Pickett, L. J. Wadhams

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A survey was conducted in Tororo, Bugiri and Kapchorwa districts in eastern and northeastern Uganda on farmers' perceptions of constraints in maize production. Farmers in Tororo and Bugiri consistently ranked stemborers and striga as the major production constraints in maize growing, while those in Kapchorwa ranked stemborers and lack of capital as the most important. Approximately 35 and 40% of the farmers in Tororo and Bugiri, respectively, identified stemborers as the 'caterpillar' that destroys their maize. In Kapchorwa, 50% of the farmers identified stemborers. Pesticide application was the most common control measure while the use of indigenous and cultural control …

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Host Shift To Peas In The Diamondback Moth Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) And Response Of Its Parasitoid Diadegma Mollipla (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), A. Rossbach, B. Löhr, S. Vidal Dec 2006

Host Shift To Peas In The Diamondback Moth Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) And Response Of Its Parasitoid Diadegma Mollipla (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), A. Rossbach, B. Löhr, S. Vidal

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Host shifts in herbivorous insects are thought to sometimes provide enemy-free space on the novel host plant. A population of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), an oligophagous pest on crucifers, recently shifted to sugar snap- and snowpeas (Pisum sativum) in Kenya, resulting in heavy damage to these crops. The impact of this host shift on the interaction with Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), one of the most frequent parasitoid species attacking P. xylostella in this area, was investigated. Parasitism rates and development of two strains of D. mollipla, one reared from a cabbage-feeding strain of P. xylostella and the second from …

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A Study Of Factors Affecting Scale Roughness In The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus Atrox), Amber Gail Skach Dec 2006

A Study Of Factors Affecting Scale Roughness In The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus Atrox), Amber Gail Skach

Biology Theses - Archive

Reptilian scales are very complex with patterns across their surface like a human fingerprint. These patterns are species specific, but there has been no way to quantify differences. A new technique using the confocal microscope allows measurement of the roughness of a surface. The roughness of the scales of Crotalus atrox were measured and compared with factors such as sex, age, clade, and various environmental variables to determine if this technique may be useful in determining species. The results found that the roughness of a scale decreased as the snake aged, and was significantly different between the two clades; the …

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Geographic Variation In The Morphometrics Of Emydoide Blandingii, Maggie M. Camperlengo Dec 2006

Geographic Variation In The Morphometrics Of Emydoide Blandingii, Maggie M. Camperlengo

Biology Theses - Archive

Morphometric measurements were taken from museum specimens Emydoidea blandingii. Samples were taken from Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, New York and Minnesota as well as from Ontario, Canada. Populations of this species have become increasingly fragmented and isolated during the past century due primarily to the urbanization of North America which has included increased road related fatalities and habitat destruction. An examination of physical characteristics was conducted to determine if morphometric analysis could indicate differences among the various populations. Twenty-eight measurements were made and compared to detect physical distinctions between populations. Individuals were then classified geographically based on east (C), …

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Identifying Individual Eurasian Otters (Lutra Lutra) Based On Measurements Of Their Footprints Standardization Of The Method And Its Potential For Censusing And Monitoring Wild Otter Populations, Jitka Vetrovcova Dec 2006

Identifying Individual Eurasian Otters (Lutra Lutra) Based On Measurements Of Their Footprints Standardization Of The Method And Its Potential For Censusing And Monitoring Wild Otter Populations, Jitka Vetrovcova

Biology Theses - Archive

A method for identifying individual Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra L.) from measurements of their footprints was first tested by performing experiments with captive animals. Digital photographs were taken of imprints in mud of all paws of 12 known individuals. Using customized software, 131 distance, angle, and proportion measurements were generated and subjected to discriminant and canonical analyses. The stepwise procedures of discrimination were the principal statistical analyses used. Analyzing each foot separately while using all available imprints yielded 86-93% correct classification and 59-77% Jacknife cross-validation. The efficiency of these analyses was not significantly affected by randomly reducing the number of …

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Does An Exotic Invasive Grass Facilitate The Invasion Of A Woody Species Into Remnant Prairies?: A Study Of The Native, Prosopis Glandulosa And The Alien, Sorghum Halapense, Amie E. Treuer Dec 2006

Does An Exotic Invasive Grass Facilitate The Invasion Of A Woody Species Into Remnant Prairies?: A Study Of The Native, Prosopis Glandulosa And The Alien, Sorghum Halapense, Amie E. Treuer

Biology Theses - Archive

The native tree, Prosopis glandulosa, and the exotic grass, Sorghum halepense, have been invading native prairies in the Southwest U.S. since the 1800s. My objectives were to determine if S. halepense was driving shifts in the abiotic and biotic structure of a native prairie and in doing so facilitating the invasion of P. glandulosa. Both field and greenhouse experiments were established to address these objectives. The presence of S. halepense lowered light and increased soil N in the field relative to the native prairie. Plant species diversity and the number of woody species were higher in an invaded zone than …

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Differential Induction Of Proteins In Anopheles Gambiae Sensu Stricto (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae In Response To Heavy Metal Selection, Paul Odhiambo Mireji, Joseph Keating, Eucharia Kenya, Charles Mbogo, Hudson Nyambaka, Ellie Osir, John Githure, John Beier Dec 2006

Differential Induction Of Proteins In Anopheles Gambiae Sensu Stricto (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae In Response To Heavy Metal Selection, Paul Odhiambo Mireji, Joseph Keating, Eucharia Kenya, Charles Mbogo, Hudson Nyambaka, Ellie Osir, John Githure, John Beier

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Investigations were conducted to establish the magnitude and pattern of differential expression of proteins due to generational selection of third instar Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles larvae by cadmium, copper and lead heavy metals, the three possible common urban pollutants. A susceptible strain of A. gambiae s.s. third instar larvae was separately placed under selection pressure with cadmium, copper and lead at LC30 and controls through five generations. First, third and fifth generation selection survivors were screened for differentially expressed proteins relative to non-exposed control by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Distribution patterns of the spots were analyzed by χ2 or Fishers' exact …

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Survival Of Immature Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) In Aquatic Habitats In Mwea Rice Irrigation Scheme, Central Kenya, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Ephantus J. Muturi, Josephat Shililu, Simon M. Muriu, Benjamin Jacob, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, Robert Novak Nov 2006

Survival Of Immature Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) In Aquatic Habitats In Mwea Rice Irrigation Scheme, Central Kenya, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Ephantus J. Muturi, Josephat Shililu, Simon M. Muriu, Benjamin Jacob, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, Robert Novak

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: The survivorship and distribution of Anopheles arabiensis larvae and pupae was examined in a rice agroecosystem in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, central Kenya, from August 2005 to April 2006, prior to implementation of larval control programme. Methods: Horizontal life tables were constructed for immatures in semi-field condition. The time spent in the various immature stages was determined and survival established. Vertical life tables were obtained from five paddies sampled by standard dipping technique. Results: Pre-adult developmental time for An. arabiensis in the trays in the experimental set up in the screen house was 11.85 days from eclosion to emergence. The …

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Electrophysiological Responses Of The Lepidopterous Stemborers Chilo Partellus And Busseola Fusca To Volatiles From Wild And Cultivated Host Plants, M. A. Birkett, K. Chamberlain, Z. R. Khan, J. A. Pickett, T. Toshova, L. J. Wadhams, C. M. Woodcock Nov 2006

Electrophysiological Responses Of The Lepidopterous Stemborers Chilo Partellus And Busseola Fusca To Volatiles From Wild And Cultivated Host Plants, M. A. Birkett, K. Chamberlain, Z. R. Khan, J. A. Pickett, T. Toshova, L. J. Wadhams, C. M. Woodcock

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The stemborers Chilo partellus and Busseola fusca are major pests of subsistence cereal farming in Africa. Volatiles released by two cultivated hosts, sorghum and maize (Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays), and two wild grass hosts, Pennisetum purpureum and Hyparrhenia tamba, were collected by air entrainment. Electrophysiologically active components in these samples were detected by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG), and the active peaks identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 41 compounds were identified from the four plant species, all of which, as well as two unidentified compounds, elicited an electrophysiological response from one or both of the stemborers. The …

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Development Of Pcr-Based Chloroplast Dna Markers That Characterize Domesticated Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata Ssp. Unguiculata Var. Unguiculata) And Highlight Its Crop-Weed Complex, Y. Feleke, R. S. Pasquet, P. Gepts Nov 2006

Development Of Pcr-Based Chloroplast Dna Markers That Characterize Domesticated Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata Ssp. Unguiculata Var. Unguiculata) And Highlight Its Crop-Weed Complex, Y. Feleke, R. S. Pasquet, P. Gepts

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In 1992, Vaillancourt and Weeden discovered a very important mutation for studying cowpea evolution and domestication. A loss of a BamHI restriction site in chloroplast DNA characterized all domesticated accessions and a few wild (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata var. spontanea) accessions. In order to screen a larger number of accessions, primers were designed to check this mutation using PCR RFLP or direct PCR methods. Using these new primers, 54 domesticated cowpea accessions and 130 accessions from the wild progenitor were screened. The absence of haplotype 0 was confirmed within domesticated accessions, including primitive landraces from cultivar-groups Biflora and Textilis, suggesting …

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A Grid-Based Infrastructure For Ecological Forecasting Of Rice Land Anopheles Arabiensis Aquatic Larval Habitats, Benjamin G. Jacob, Ephantus J. Muturi, Jose E. Funes, Josephat I. Shililu, John I. Githure, Ibulaimu I. Kakoma, Robert J. Novak Oct 2006

A Grid-Based Infrastructure For Ecological Forecasting Of Rice Land Anopheles Arabiensis Aquatic Larval Habitats, Benjamin G. Jacob, Ephantus J. Muturi, Jose E. Funes, Josephat I. Shililu, John I. Githure, Ibulaimu I. Kakoma, Robert J. Novak

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Background: For remote identification of mosquito habitats the first step is often to construct a discrete tessellation of the region. In applications where complex geometries do not need to be represented such as urban habitats, regular orthogonal grids are constructed in GIS and overlaid on satellite images. However, rice land vector mosquito aquatic habitats are rarely uniform in space or character. An orthogonal grid overlaid on satellite data of rice-land areas may fail to capture physical or man-made structures, i.e paddies, canals, berms at these habitats. Unlike an orthogonal grid, digitizing each habitat converts a polygon into a grid cell, …

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The Acute Effects Of Active Warm-Up And Passive Warm-Up On Passive Tension, Troyce Solley Oct 2006

The Acute Effects Of Active Warm-Up And Passive Warm-Up On Passive Tension, Troyce Solley

Kinesiology Theses - Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active warm-up (stationary cycling) and passive warm-up (heat pack) on the mechanical properties of the hamstring musculature in vivo. Passive tension measurements were recorded during the passive knee extensions of ten men before and after an active warm-up, passive warm-up, and control treatments. The results of the present investigation revealed no effect of active warm-up or passive warm-up on the passive tension variables of energy absorbed, energy returned, peak torque, average stiffness, or peak stiffness of the hamstring musculature. These findings suggest that the mechanical properties of the connective …

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Simultaneous Application Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Predatory Mites To Control Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella Occidentalis, Lemma Ebssa, Christian Borgemeister, Hans Michael Poehling Oct 2006

Simultaneous Application Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Predatory Mites To Control Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella Occidentalis, Lemma Ebssa, Christian Borgemeister, Hans Michael Poehling

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Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes alone (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar or H. indica Poinar, Karunakar, and David), a predatory mite species alone [Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)], or the combination of nematodes and mites for the control of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was investigated in a climate controlled growth chamber and greenhouse. Different densities and concentrations of mites and nematodes, respectively, were tested at different densities of thrips infesting beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In the growth chamber experiment, the presence of mites on the plants resulted in a large number of second-instar larvae of thrips to fall …

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Effect Of Staged Practices And Motivational Climate On Goal Orientation And Sportsmanship In Community Youth Sport Experiences, Mary Sara Wells, Gary D. Ellis, Skye G. Arthur-Banning, Mark F. Roark Oct 2006

Effect Of Staged Practices And Motivational Climate On Goal Orientation And Sportsmanship In Community Youth Sport Experiences, Mary Sara Wells, Gary D. Ellis, Skye G. Arthur-Banning, Mark F. Roark

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Significant acts of poor sportsmanship and aggression are becoming increasingly prevalent in youth sports. Youth who have negative experiences as a result of witnessing or being directly involved in such poor sportsmanship experiences are less likely to participate in future sport activities, thereby contributing to sedentary lifestyles and a number of health related problems. Goal orientation theory provides a basis for understanding why many of these unsporting acts may occur. “Task-oriented” participants focus on their intra-individual growth and development in sports and tend to be much less involved in aggression and poor sportsmanship. In contrast, “Egooriented” participants judge success in …

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Combined Control Of Striga Hermonthica And Stemborers By Maize-Desmodium Spp. Intercrops, Zeyaur R. Khan, John A. Pickett, Lester J. Wadhams, Ahmed Hassanali, Charles A.O. Midega Sep 2006

Combined Control Of Striga Hermonthica And Stemborers By Maize-Desmodium Spp. Intercrops, Zeyaur R. Khan, John A. Pickett, Lester J. Wadhams, Ahmed Hassanali, Charles A.O. Midega

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The African witchweed (Striga spp.) and lepidopteran stemborers are two major biotic constraints to the efficient production of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies had shown the value of intercropping maize with Desmodium uncinatum in the control of both pests. The current study was conducted to assess the potential role of other Desmodium spp., adapted to different agro-ecologies, in combined control of both pests in Kenya. Treatments consisted of intercropped plots of a Striga hermonthica- and stemborer-susceptible maize variety and one Desmodium sp. or cowpea, with a maize monocrop plot included as a control. S. hermonthica counts and stemborer damage …

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Influence Of Optical Cues From Conspecific Females On Escalation Decisions During Male-Male Interactions Of Jumping Spiders, Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson, Simon D. Pollard, Mark W. Walker Sep 2006

Influence Of Optical Cues From Conspecific Females On Escalation Decisions During Male-Male Interactions Of Jumping Spiders, Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson, Simon D. Pollard, Mark W. Walker

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An important prediction from game theory is that the value of a resource influences the level to which male-male conflict escalates. An earlier experimental study showed that males of Hypoblemum albovittatum, a common salticid in New Zealand, can discern by sight alone whether a female is in the vicinity and that, having detected a female's presence, males escalate (i.e., adopt behaviour that is likely to put them at greater risk of injury). Seeing a bare moving cork, a conspecific male or a prey item also elicits escalation, but not to the level elicited by seeing a conspecific female. Here the …

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Anti-Viral Activity Of Quillaja Saponaria Molina Extracts Against Hiv-1 And Hiv-2, Jennifer Lee Sprayberry Aug 2006

Anti-Viral Activity Of Quillaja Saponaria Molina Extracts Against Hiv-1 And Hiv-2, Jennifer Lee Sprayberry

Biology Theses - Archive

It has been well established that extracts from the bark of the South American tree Quillaja saponaria Molina have the capacity to stimulate strong immune responses against exogenous antigen when used as an adjuvant. However, the anti-viral capacity of Q. saponins has not been well established. We document the anti-viral capacity of Quillaja saponaria extracts against HIV-1 and HIV-2. The extract appeared to interact with the gp120 subunit of HIV-1 and HIV-2 to produce a low anti-viral effect by blocking viral attachment. The extract was also observed to coat cells in a time dependent manner and block attachment to CD4 …

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Population Genetics Of Phanaeus Vindex And P. Difformis And Congruence With Morphology Across A Geographic Zone Of Species Overlap, Aaron Michael Dickey Aug 2006

Population Genetics Of Phanaeus Vindex And P. Difformis And Congruence With Morphology Across A Geographic Zone Of Species Overlap, Aaron Michael Dickey

Biology Theses - Archive

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) reveal that the rainbow scarabs Phanaeus vindex (MacLeay) and Phanaeus difformis (LeConte) are distinct evolutionary units which occur in sympatry at the Fort Worth Nature Center. The genetic structure at this location is distinctly bimodal with strong segregation of taxa based on soil type. In addition, certain allele frequencies within P. vindex locations exhibited a significant correlation with a precipitation gradient and other allele frequencies within P. vindex locations were significantly different on loam soil than on both sand and clay soils. Phanaeus vindex and P. difformis exhibit continuous morphological character states between two extremes, …

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Biological Impact Of The Exotic Parasitoid, Diadegma Semiclausum (Hellen), Of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella L., In Kenya, Caleb Momanyi, Bernhard Löhr, Linus Gitonga Aug 2006

Biological Impact Of The Exotic Parasitoid, Diadegma Semiclausum (Hellen), Of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella L., In Kenya, Caleb Momanyi, Bernhard Löhr, Linus Gitonga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) was introduced to Kenya from Taiwan for the control of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., and released for the first time in July 2002. Seven and twelve months after release, field mortality studies using the cage exclusion method were conducted at two release sites (Werugha/Taita Hills and Tharuni/Central Kenya). Four treatments were applied: fully closed and partially open cages, both with and without glue applied to the base of the plants for the exclusion of crawling predators. During this time interval, parasitism of exposed larvae rose from 15 to 60% at Werugha and from 8 to …

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Use Of Temperature Sensitive Mutants To Map Reovirus Induced Oncolysis, Ka Ian Tam Aug 2006

Use Of Temperature Sensitive Mutants To Map Reovirus Induced Oncolysis, Ka Ian Tam

Biology Theses - Archive

Reovirus is known to establish persistent infections in normal cells while selectively destroying transformed cells. Individual viruses from each of the ten groups of Reovirus is known to establish persistent infections in normal cells while selectively destroying transformed cells. Individual viruses from each of the ten groups of Reovirus temperature sensitive mutants were used to examine the gene or genes involved in the differential lysis activity. Temperature sensitive mutants were generated by chemical mutagenesis and have one of the ten genes impaired when growing at the non-permissive temperature, while they behave like wild type when growing at the permissive temperature. …

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The Influence Of Low Humidity, Pseudacteon Flies, And Competition By Solenopsis Xyloni On Solenopsis Invicta, Ricardo A. Ramirez, D C. Thompson, M D. Remmenga Aug 2006

The Influence Of Low Humidity, Pseudacteon Flies, And Competition By Solenopsis Xyloni On Solenopsis Invicta, Ricardo A. Ramirez, D C. Thompson, M D. Remmenga

Biology Faculty Publications

Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is a serious pest in the southeastern United States. It has caused economic losses in agricultural products, stings can cause anaphylactic shock, and it has reduced biodiversity. S. invicta has displaced native ant species throughout its range, presumably by competitive exclusion. In 1998, S. invicta populations were confirmed in southern New Mexico, resulting in a quarantine of Doña Ana County. Although large populations of the native southern fire ant, S. xyloniMcCook, are common in the Mesilla Valley, only two small populations of S. invicta have been found since the initial quarantine. It is …

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Population Models For Threshold-Based Control Of Tetranychus Urticae In Small-Scale Kenyan Tomato Fields And For Evaluating Weather And Host Plant Species Effects, Markus Knapp, Ibrahima Sarr, Gianni Gilioli, Johann Baumgärtner Aug 2006

Population Models For Threshold-Based Control Of Tetranychus Urticae In Small-Scale Kenyan Tomato Fields And For Evaluating Weather And Host Plant Species Effects, Markus Knapp, Ibrahima Sarr, Gianni Gilioli, Johann Baumgärtner

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The spatial distribution of motile life stages of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch in Kenyan small-scale tomato fields was described by Taylor's power law and an enumerative sampling plan was designed for research purposes. The exponential increase of T. urticae populations during three growing seasons permits the development and use of a simple exponential model for the design of a threshold-based chemical control system. For this purpose, a critical threshold of 440 motile mites per sample unit at the end of the growing season (12 weeks after transplanting) was translated into a proportion of 0.83 infested units in …

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Suitability Of Cultivated And Wild Crucifers For The Development Of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), G. Ayalew, B. Löhr, C. K.P.O. Ogol, J. Baumgärtner Jul 2006

Suitability Of Cultivated And Wild Crucifers For The Development Of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), G. Ayalew, B. Löhr, C. K.P.O. Ogol, J. Baumgärtner

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The performance of the Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., on Ethiopian cultivated and wild crucifers was studied in the laboratory for two generations. Head cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., was the most suitable host with the shortest developmental period and the highest reproductive potential. Both developmental period and life table statistics showed that the weed Erucastrum arabicum Fisch. and Mey was more suitable than some of the cultivated species. © 2006 Academic Journals Inc.

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Anti-Viral Capacity Of Quillaja Saponaria Molina Extract Against Vaccinia And Herpes Simplex Virus-1, Matthew Sean Spinks Jul 2006

Anti-Viral Capacity Of Quillaja Saponaria Molina Extract Against Vaccinia And Herpes Simplex Virus-1, Matthew Sean Spinks

Biology Theses - Archive

It is well known that Quillaja saponins have the ability to elicit a strong immune response when used as an adjuvant in an ISCOM matrix. However, to date, the antiviral capability of Quillaja saponins has not been documented. Using extracts from the Chilean Soap Bark Tree (Quillaja Saponaria Molina) we document the anti-viral capacities of Quillaja saponins against HSV-1 and Vaccinia. The saponin was ineffective against Vaccinia Virus, however neutralized HSV-1 in a time and temperature dependent manner. In addition, Quillaja Saponins were determined capable of preventing cell-to-cell spread when introduced in solution to cell monolayers.

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Polymorphism And Growth Behavior Of Low-Trans Fatty Acids Blends Formulated With And Without Emulsifiers, Marina Cerdeira, Silvana Martini, Roberto J. Candal, Maria L. Herrera Jun 2006

Polymorphism And Growth Behavior Of Low-Trans Fatty Acids Blends Formulated With And Without Emulsifiers, Marina Cerdeira, Silvana Martini, Roberto J. Candal, Maria L. Herrera

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Polymorphism and growth behavior of blends of a high-melting fraction of milk fat (HMF) and sunflower oil (SFO) formulated with and without the addition of sucrose esters (SE) P-170, P-1670, and S-170 were studied by pulsed 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and polarized light microscopy. The effect of SE on the solid content maximum (S max) or crystallization rate was observed only at low supercooling (values of ΔT below 15°C). The Avrami k n decreased as n values increased, indicating that SE inhibited growth and impeded nucleation. Addition of SFO modified the polymorphic behavior of milk fat, most likely owing …

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Effect Of Jatropha Gossypiifolia Leaf Extracts On Three Lepidoptera Species, J. Arnubio Valencia, Brigitte Frérot, Herve Guénego, Diego F. Múnera, Maria Fátima De Sá Grossi, Paul André Calatayud Jun 2006

Effect Of Jatropha Gossypiifolia Leaf Extracts On Three Lepidoptera Species, J. Arnubio Valencia, Brigitte Frérot, Herve Guénego, Diego F. Múnera, Maria Fátima De Sá Grossi, Paul André Calatayud

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Leaf extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) contain compounds that are toxic to insects. In this study, these extracts were tested against larvae of three lepidopteran species, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which are important pests of maize in Africa, Europe and Mediterranean countries, respectively. Leaf extracts were shown to be highly toxic to neonate larvae of B. fusca and O. nubilalis quickly after they were ingested. In contrast, no effect was found on fourth instar O. nubilalis and a low level of toxicity was observed on neonates of …

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