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Articles 31 - 60 of 66
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effect Of Drought On Resin Production In Woody Stems Of Rhus Ovata, Sydney T. Adams, Melody Young, Moriah Hall
Effect Of Drought On Resin Production In Woody Stems Of Rhus Ovata, Sydney T. Adams, Melody Young, Moriah Hall
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Resin production in stems of woody plants is generated from resin canal secretions and is thought to play a significant role in protection from fungal infection and spread. This may be one of several factors associated with fungal infection and fungal induced dieback in plants during severe water stress or drought. We set out to determine if reduction in resin production in a chaparral shrub, Sugar Bush (Rhus ovata), was associated with severe drought in southern California. We hypothesized that dehydrated R. ovata would produce less resin than hydrated plants. Our null hypothesis was that there is no …
Genetic Effect Of Drought On The California Newt, Taricha Torosa, Madeleine M. Perrault, Samantha Fiallo, Alero Arueyingho, Cindy Kim, Laiken Ritchie
Genetic Effect Of Drought On The California Newt, Taricha Torosa, Madeleine M. Perrault, Samantha Fiallo, Alero Arueyingho, Cindy Kim, Laiken Ritchie
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Droughts are now a common occurrence in Southern California and are known to cause population declines in many species, and such bottlenecks can cause a loss of genetic variation. Genetic variation was examined in a population of the California newt located in Arroyo Sequit Creek in the Santa Monica Mountains. Genetic data from animals examined prior to the current drought were compared to similar data collected from the population after it experienced several years of severe drought. We hypothesized that the drought impacted population should show less genetic variation in comparison to the pre-drought population. Nevertheless, there were no genetic …
Comparison Of Leaf Water Potential, Stomatal Conductance, And Chlorophyll Fluorescence Between An Invasive Weed, Schinus Molle, And A Native Chaparral Shrub, Ceanothus Spinosus, In The Santa Monica Mountains, Adam L. Fahey, Harry Zhou, Katie Callahan
Comparison Of Leaf Water Potential, Stomatal Conductance, And Chlorophyll Fluorescence Between An Invasive Weed, Schinus Molle, And A Native Chaparral Shrub, Ceanothus Spinosus, In The Santa Monica Mountains, Adam L. Fahey, Harry Zhou, Katie Callahan
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
The Peruvian peppertree, Schinus molle, is an invasive species in California that has escaped cultivation to competitively exclude native species in the landscape. One example of such competition is between a dominant member of the chaparral shrub community, greenbark ceanothus (Ceanothus spinosus), and S. molle. The mechanism of competitive displacement of chaparral by S. molle is not understood nor has it been previously studied. We hypothesized that during severe drought, such as occurred during the sumer/fall of 2016, S. molle would have a more favorable water balance then its native competitor C. spinosus, eventually leading to higher survival and species …
Hydraulic Mechanisms Of Fungal-Induced Dieback In A Keystone Chaparral Species During Unprecedented Drought In California, Natalie M. Aguirre, Marissa E. Ochoa, Helen I. Holmlund, Frank E. Ewers, Stephen D. Davis
Hydraulic Mechanisms Of Fungal-Induced Dieback In A Keystone Chaparral Species During Unprecedented Drought In California, Natalie M. Aguirre, Marissa E. Ochoa, Helen I. Holmlund, Frank E. Ewers, Stephen D. Davis
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Between 2012-2016, southern California experienced unprecedented drought that caused dieback in Malosma laurina, a keystone species of chaparral shrub communities. Dieback was especially severe in coastal exposures of the Santa Monica Mountains, leading to whole plant mortality exceeding 50% at some sites. We hypothesized that the endophytic fungus causing the dieback, Botryosphaeria dothidea, was successful in invading the xylem tissue of M. laurina because of protracted water stress, carbon starvation, or a combination of the two. We tested these possibilities in a controlled pot experiment by comparing three treatments, each inoculated with the fungus: (1) irrigated controls (2) …
Plant Water Relations During Drought-Induced Dieback In Greenbark Ceanothus, Ceanothus Spinosus, In The Santa Monica Mountains, Christopher F. Ross, Andrew Palaski
Plant Water Relations During Drought-Induced Dieback In Greenbark Ceanothus, Ceanothus Spinosus, In The Santa Monica Mountains, Christopher F. Ross, Andrew Palaski
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
This experiment investigated Ceanothus spinosus dieback in the natural landscape of Pepperdine University’s campus in Malibu, California. We measured midday water potential, gas-exchange rates (photosynthesis and transpiration), chlorophyll fluorescence, and native embolism levels of stem xylem, comparing irrigated controls on campus to plants undergoing severe water stress in the natural landscape of our campus. The water potentials for naturally occurring C. spinosus (-6.6 MPa) was much lower than for irrigated controls (-3.4 MPa). Water stressed plants experience 47.2% embolism in their stem xylem that blocks water transport to leaves compared to 12.6% embolism in irrigated controls. This high embolism level …
A Comparison Of Water Potential, Photosynthetic Rate, Electron Transport Rate, And Stomatal Conductance Between Native Malosma Laurina And Exotic Schinus Molle, Karagan L. Smith, Agatha C. Heng, Viridiana Hernandez-Lopez
A Comparison Of Water Potential, Photosynthetic Rate, Electron Transport Rate, And Stomatal Conductance Between Native Malosma Laurina And Exotic Schinus Molle, Karagan L. Smith, Agatha C. Heng, Viridiana Hernandez-Lopez
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
A Comparison of Water Potential, Photosynthetic Rate, Electron Transport Rate, and Stomatal Conductance between Native Malosma laurina and Exotic Schinus molle
Karagan L. Smith, Agatha C. Heng, and Viridiana Hernandez-Lopez
First-year Students as Scholars Program
Mentors: Natalie M. Aguirre, Kaitlyn E. Sauer, and Stephen D. Davis
Schinus molle is a relatively new invasive species in chaparral shrub communities of the Santa Monica Mountains, and has only recently been observed to displace native species of shrubs, such as Malosma laurina. To investigate the probably cause of S. molle’s invasiveness and mechanisms of competitive displacement of M. laurina, we compared …
Landscape Effects On Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus Ater) Abundances In Crp Patches, Chase Wickard
Landscape Effects On Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus Ater) Abundances In Crp Patches, Chase Wickard
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Many grassland bird species have experienced significant population declines and are the focus of conservation efforts. Recovery of these species is slowed, in part, due to nest parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). Cowbirds are nest parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species and rely on the host species parents to raise their offspring. This in turn can reduce the reproductive success of hosts. This study attempts to determine whether landscape variables surrounding CRP patches may be driving cowbird densities.
Natural History And Diet Of A Population Of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis) In Kansas, Colleen Rothe-Groleau
Natural History And Diet Of A Population Of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis) In Kansas, Colleen Rothe-Groleau
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
The primary goal of this study was to gather enough data to create a life history table for this population that can be used in future studies on this and similar species, such as timber rattlesnakes. A second goal was to compile diet data for comparison to datasets within the primary literature from populations of C. viridis and other crotalid species throughout the United States and Canada.
Using morphological characteristics, I attempted to determine whether there are methods that are less invasive for determining sex of C. viridis in the field than those currently in use. Snout-vent length (SVL) and …
Differences In Behavioral Responses To Stress In Zebrafish: Exploring Underlying Neural Mechanisms, Jacalyn B. Russ
Differences In Behavioral Responses To Stress In Zebrafish: Exploring Underlying Neural Mechanisms, Jacalyn B. Russ
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Two alternative “stress coping styles” are documented across a wide range of taxa: proactive and reactive. While behavior differences can be observed between coping styles, brain regions potentially mediating these differences have not been studied extensively. Understanding differences in how the brain processes information between the coping styles can lead to insights on how these responses might be controlled. To assess the neural mechanisms underlying alternative stress coping styles, I utilized Danio rerio (zebrafish) and the Novel Tank Diving Test (NTDT). I hypothesize (i) that proactive fish will spend less time in the lower portion of the NTDT and spend …
Microflora In The Cheek Pouches Of Ord's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys Ordii) From The Nebraska Sandhills, Devin M. Christensen
Microflora In The Cheek Pouches Of Ord's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys Ordii) From The Nebraska Sandhills, Devin M. Christensen
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
The microflora living within the Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodymis ordii) cheek pouches has never been extensively studied before. Kangaroo rats use their cheek pouches to transport seeds and grasses in their mouths that they later store. It is predicted that the cheek pouches harbor fungal and bacterial growth that could be either helpful or harmful to the kangaroo rat and its environment. 8 kangaroo rats were humanely captured using Sherman live traps in the Nebraska Sandhills; their cheek pouches were swabbed, and the microorganisms obtained were grown on agar plates and in liquid media until an adequate amount …
The Effect Of Bilateral Vestibular Stimulation On Locomotor Adaptation, Allison Hoover
The Effect Of Bilateral Vestibular Stimulation On Locomotor Adaptation, Allison Hoover
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Locomotor adaptation requires input from vision, somatosensory and vestibular systems. The contribution of the vestibular system is important for maintaining postural control during gait specifically orientation of the head on the trunk and acceleration (linear and angular) feedback. Disrupting this system causes instabilities during locomotion. However, it is not clear, how much the vestibular system contributes to gait adaptation. Eighteen healthy adults adapted to a split-belt treadmill task with or without additional vestibular perturbation using bilateral mastoid vibration. The symmetry index for step length and step time, as well as the change in standard deviation in stride time for both …
Assessment Of Olfactory-Based Social Recognition: Designing A Paradigm For Marmosets, Stephanie Womack
Assessment Of Olfactory-Based Social Recognition: Designing A Paradigm For Marmosets, Stephanie Womack
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Navigation of the social world depends largely on one’s responsiveness to social stimuli and information from a wide range of senses can be used to discriminate between individuals. Mammals use several sensory modes to communicate and respond to their surroundings, but olfaction is the dominant sense across most species. Chemosignals provide a wealth of information including sex, age, reproductive status, and individual identity. Currently, assessment of olfaction is largely limited to the habituation-dishabituation paradigm or the two-choice discrimination task used primarily in rodents. These paradigms are limited by their reliance on inherent reward of interaction with stimuli without providing additional …
Augmenting Human Muscle Performance Through Added Foot Stiffness, Samuel F. Ray
Augmenting Human Muscle Performance Through Added Foot Stiffness, Samuel F. Ray
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
In human walking, the relationship between foot and ankle structure and function is not fully known. The foot and toe structures seem to dissipate energy while the ankle generates force through the plantarflexor muscles. Increasing foot stiffness through added carbon fiber insoles has been shown to increase force output and decrease contraction velocity of the ankle plantarflexor muscles. This shift in the muscular force-velocity operating range may be beneficial in fast walking. During fast walking, muscle fascicles contract at high velocities and low force output. We predict that added foot stiffness can reduce the metabolic cost of fast walking by …
The Effect Of Observing Aggressive Interactions On The Personality Traits Of Danio Rerio, Jessica L. Bargstadt
The Effect Of Observing Aggressive Interactions On The Personality Traits Of Danio Rerio, Jessica L. Bargstadt
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Social animals are easily influenced by other members of their species. Individuals will adjust their behaviors and actions both when observing another conspecific and when interacting with one. The effect that these social experiences can have on an individual vary in both magnitude and permanence, depending on the type of experience. We seek to examine the lasting effect that observing an aggressive interaction can have on the personality type of an individual.
Personality traits of Danio rerio will be examined in a novel environment setting in which the subject’s movements are recorded to determine their reactivity or proactivity in response …
Taxonomic Placement Of The Nidulariaceae Of Nebraska And Iowa Based On Molecular And Morphological Data, Goodmond H. Danielsen Iv
Taxonomic Placement Of The Nidulariaceae Of Nebraska And Iowa Based On Molecular And Morphological Data, Goodmond H. Danielsen Iv
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Proper taxonomic and molecular study is necessary to better organize closely related species that may not only be used for human needs, but also in the quest for knowledge of how the world around us works. Though important, the taxonomic placement of Nebraskan and Iowan bird’s nest fungi (Nidulariaceae) is not well documented. Here, phylogenetic analysis is used to place the Nidulariaceae of Nebraska and Iowa in the tree of life using molecular and morphological techniques. Based on these results and results of further work done on these specimens, it will be possible to better place the Nidulariaceae of Nebraska …
Gait Biomechanics In Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease After Revascularization, Sarah Baker
Gait Biomechanics In Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease After Revascularization, Sarah Baker
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a cardiovascular disease manifesting blockages to arteries while limiting blood flow to the legs. Patients with PAD have pain/tingling in calves, thighs, and/or buttocks emanating by physical activity called intermittent claudication. PAD causes physical function limitations and increases cardiovascular morbidity by 3-6 times. PAD becomes particularly more prevalent with age. Patients with PAD walk differently than their healthy counterparts. Surgical revascularization to restore blood flow is the typical intervention, but whether walking patterns are restored following surgery has not been studied. This study compared walking patterns of patients with PAD at baseline and six-months post-revascularization. …
A Comparison Of Balance Between A Smoker And Never-Smoker, Robert J. Barber
A Comparison Of Balance Between A Smoker And Never-Smoker, Robert J. Barber
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
“Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the third leading cause of death in the United States.” “While COPD is defined in terms of fixed airflow limitation, it’s also characterized by the frequent association of complications outside the lung, including compromised balance.” Research has shown “medio-lateral (i.e., side-to-side) balance is altered in patients with COPD compared to controls and is further affected by challenging sensory systems (e.g., eyes closed or uneven surface).” “Smoking increases risk for onset of COPD”, therefore the objective of this study was to investigate balance in smokers. It’s hypothesized that smokers will demonstrate balance deficits, compared to never-smokers. …
Recruitment, Survival, And Parasitism Of Monarchs In Residential Gardens And Conservation Areas, Emily A. Geest
Recruitment, Survival, And Parasitism Of Monarchs In Residential Gardens And Conservation Areas, Emily A. Geest
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are suffering from declining populations due to habitat loss. To help offset this habitat loss conservationists have encouraged planting milkweed gardens to increase the availability of host plants for larvae. A tachinid fly (Lespesia archippivora) that causes mortality parasitizes monarchs. Understanding the influence these gardens can have on parasitism rates and monarch recruitment is vital to evaluating their effectiveness. I am quantifying egg/larval abundance and demography at conservation areas and residential gardens. Additionally, I am collecting and rearing monarch larvae to compare parasitism rates in both areas. My preliminary results suggest that …
Treadmill Walking In Claudication, Shane Lentz
Treadmill Walking In Claudication, Shane Lentz
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
INTRO. Claudication is lower leg pain that resides with rest. There are two potential causes of claudication: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS). Vasculogenic claudication is the defining characteristic of PAD. There is little research that exists to differentiate the two forms of claudication and there is little no non-invasive to determine which condition is causing the claudication. The purpose of this study is to utilize biomechanics to distinguish between individuals with claudication that arises from neurogenic versus vasculogenic causes. METHODS. Four LSS subjects completed a walking test on a treadmill (Gardner Test). The treadmill is pressure …
Identification Of Genes Involved In Diauxic Shift Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Through Gateway Node Analysis., Emily Pachunka
Identification Of Genes Involved In Diauxic Shift Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Through Gateway Node Analysis., Emily Pachunka
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
The use of high-throughput assays, or experiments yielding large data sets, in biological research has become a standard practice in laboratories throughout the world. Because such investigations have the ability to produce high volume and comprehensive data sets, it is then important to develop methods that allow researchers to quickly pull meaningful information from an overwhelming amount of data. Network modeling has become a popular technique for visualizing and analyzing large biological data sets. A network is a basic graph with nodes and edges (i.e. social networks) that also integrates complex principles of graph theory for deeper analysis and pattern …
Effects Of Serial Subtractions On Elderly Gait Speed In A Virtual Reality Setting, Taylor Leeder
Effects Of Serial Subtractions On Elderly Gait Speed In A Virtual Reality Setting, Taylor Leeder
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Falls are the leading cause of fatal injuries in older adults aged 65+ with one in three adults falling each year. Cognitive processes are involved in gait, and thus, as cognitive changes are normative with age, this may impact fall risk in the elderly. Sixteen older adults aged 70.8±5.3 years took part in a dual-task (DT) study where they walked on a split-belt self-paced treadmill with and without a virtual reality (VR) setting while simultaneously performing a serial subtraction (SS) task. For SS, individuals were given a random 3-digit starting number and told to subtract by three from that number …
Landscape Features That Predict The Occurrence Of Shorebirds In Agriculture Fields During Migration In The Rainwater Basin, Nebraska, Lindsay Ann Brown
Landscape Features That Predict The Occurrence Of Shorebirds In Agriculture Fields During Migration In The Rainwater Basin, Nebraska, Lindsay Ann Brown
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Some upland shorebird species are undergoing population declines. During their northward migration, these species primarily stop and use agricultural landscapes. This behavior is concerning because these landscapes are typically lower in resources, which could compromise energy demands during migration. There is a lack of information on what landscape features influence where species stop and on how the species use agricultural habitats. To close the gap, I compared landscape features between site where species-present and where were species-absent sites and developed models to predict migratory stopping sites. I focused on three uplands species: American Golden-Plovers, Buff-breasted Sandpipers, and Upland Sandpipers. Each …
Correlation Networks: Causative Relationships From Gene Expression Data, Grogan W. Huff
Correlation Networks: Causative Relationships From Gene Expression Data, Grogan W. Huff
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Genes that share expression conditions show a biological correlation, and no modern method of visualization displays these intricate co-expression patterns better than a graph. Structural observations about a co-expression graph can reveal the secrets of the biological system that it models, but experimentally validated co-expression graphs are pain-staking work to produce. Present day correlation network analysis shows potential for drawing conclusions from large volumes of biological systems data in an inexpensive and easy-to-produce way, however, work remains to confirm the appropriateness and scope of such methods for specific, scientific application. Toward this effort, we generated a Pearson correlation network from …
Small Scale Heterogeneity In Vegetation Structure In A Patch-Burn-Grazing Landscape, Eric G. Behrens
Small Scale Heterogeneity In Vegetation Structure In A Patch-Burn-Grazing Landscape, Eric G. Behrens
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Disturbances are drivers of spatial change in the plant communities of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Fire and large herbivore grazing are prevalent disturbances that maintain the vegetation structure and create spatial heterogeneity in vegetation at various scales. The fire-grazing disturbance interaction occurs when areas that have been recently burned are followed by intense grazing due to the high quality of forage regrowth. This interaction has been managed in tallgrass prairies in a homogenous method using uniform burning and grazing and a heterogeneous method using patch-burn-grazing (PBG). Vegetation heterogeneity at a large scale has been studied in PBG and uniformly managed …
Establishment Of Milkweed Seeds Under Different Conditions, Marvin E. Sibrian
Establishment Of Milkweed Seeds Under Different Conditions, Marvin E. Sibrian
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Milkweed is an important food source for many insects and the only food source for monarch caterpillars. Unfortunately, the abundance of milkweed plants has been decreasing over the years due to Roundup Ready® crops and increased herbicide use in agriculture, as well as milkweed habitats being plowed under for increased corn acreage. In hopes of restoring the monarch population, conservation organizations are joining forces to grow as much milkweed as they can and to increase the number of North American milkweed individuals by one billion. However, it is unclear how many seeds must be sown to add one billion milkweed …
The Evaluation Of Carbon Dioxide-Independent Media For Toxoplasma Gondii Growth, Matthew C. Martens
The Evaluation Of Carbon Dioxide-Independent Media For Toxoplasma Gondii Growth, Matthew C. Martens
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Toxoplasma gondii is a human pathogen that plays a role as the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease that produces many deleterious effects for immunocompromised individuals and infants. Current research involving this intracellular parasite requires the use and continues maintenance of costly cell incubators attached to bulky carbon dioxide canisters. To reduce laboratory costs and space requirements, we, therefore, propose a novel procedure by which human foreskin fibroblasts, as well as Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, may be grown in a commercially available carbon dioxide-independent media. Growth assays utilizing resazurin dye or relative fluorescence from parasites modified with a red fluorescent protein …
Effects Of Whole Body Heating During Warm-Up On Strength, Power, And Flexibility, Trevor Krzyzanowski
Effects Of Whole Body Heating During Warm-Up On Strength, Power, And Flexibility, Trevor Krzyzanowski
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Background/Hypothesis: There has been little research investigating the use of external heat to enhance muscular performance. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences between warming up in a hot (H) and neutral (N) temperature environment on muscle performance. Methods: Seven (M:3/F:4) Division I collegiate athletes (age = 20 ± 1; weight = 78.8 ± 24.7 kg; height = 176.2 ± 7.6 cm; body fat 19.7 ± 11.3%) each completed 2-trials in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Subjects warmed up in a temperature and humidity controlled chamber at 20 °C (N) and 40 °C (H), both at 40% humidity, …
Effect Of Unloading On Myofiber Profiles In Male And Female Rats, Hailey Ramsey
Effect Of Unloading On Myofiber Profiles In Male And Female Rats, Hailey Ramsey
Science Research Symposium
Many injuries and surgeries result in necessary muscle unloading to aid in recovery. It is known that muscle unloading can lead to muscle atrophy1. A previous study conducted in this lab found that females suffer greater decline in strength than males, as a result of unloading1. Another experiment confirmed that females are more susceptible to adaptations due to unloading and suggested that this is caused by the neural drive from the central nervous system2. This study aims to explain what causes the gender-related discrepancy in strength after unloading by looking at the effect of …
Stronger Together: The Cross-Cultural Coalition To Stop Fossil Fuel Exports In The Salish Sea, Margaret Allen
Stronger Together: The Cross-Cultural Coalition To Stop Fossil Fuel Exports In The Salish Sea, Margaret Allen
Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference
A commonly observed paradox in conservation is that restriction of people’s access to nature and natural resources may protect ecosystem health, but sometimes decreases the wellbeing of local people and can invite conflict and reduce people’s willingness to protect resources. At a middle ground between complete protection and unrestricted commercial use is ecosystem-based management (EBM), which strives to maximize the overall wellbeing of both people and ecosystems. An important domain of human wellbeing to track for the purposes of EBM is resource access, or the ability to gain and maintain uses and benefits of the natural environment. Access does not …
Overview, Benjamin Davidovitch, Narayanan Menon, Jennifer Welborn, Wayne Kermenski
Overview, Benjamin Davidovitch, Narayanan Menon, Jennifer Welborn, Wayne Kermenski
Patterns Around Us
No abstract provided.