Life Sciences Commons^™

Performance Accomodation To Midsole Hardness During Running, Barry T. Bates, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

The effects of shoe hardness on impact force characteristics during running were elevated using both a group and single subject analysis approach. It was hypothesized that non-significant shoe effects previously reported could have resulted from the experimental design and analysis procedures employed. The present study evaluated 18 runners using a single subject procedure in addition to a group design (Shoe Condition X (Subject X Shoe Hardness)). ANOVA analyses identified significant differences (p < 0.05) between mean impact forces for the soft shoe condition and mean maximum knee flexion angles for the hard shoe condition. Individual subject analyses identified no significant (p <0:05) impact force differences for eight subjects while I 0 subjects exhibited significant differences. A significant correlation coefficient of -0.59 between impact force and maximum knee flexion suggested that some accommodation took place on average but the extent varied among subject. Post-hoc group analyses identified a relationship (r = 0.59) between impact tester results and impact forces for one subgroup of subjects.The results support the hypothesis that subjects can and do respond differently to the same perturbation ·and that these differential responses can compromise group analysis results.

Physiological Responses Among Power Air Ball, Spri Tube, And Arm Movement During Step Aerobics, Lisa Dallas

Masters Theses

This study compared caloric expenditure between three step aerobic dance routines (STEP) using the same arm movements; one without any upper body resistive exercise product (ARM), one with a 2 lb. Power Air Ball (BALL), and one with a Spri Tube (TUBE). Twenty-seven college aged females familiar with step aerobics volunteered to be subjects. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured using the Bruce protocol. A 55 minute video was followed for each of the STEP routines to control for arm and leg movement. The order of the STEP routines was randomly assigned. An Aerosport TEEM 100 gas analyzer calculated and recorded …

The Use Of Subjective Ratings Of Perceived Exertion (Rpe) To Estimate Fixed Blood Lactate Concentrations During Incremental Cycle Ergometer Exercise, Keith Robert Scotson

Theses : Honours

Prescription of exercise intensity based on blood lactate concentration has become widely accepted in recent years. The methods used to directly measure blood lactate concentration however, can be costly, time consuming and potentially hazardous to both subject and tester. Recent studies indicate that a strong relationship exists between subjective feelings of strain experienced during exercise and changes in the appearance of blood lactate. This raises the possibility that subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) can be used to simply and effectively estimate and monitor appropriate exercise intensity based on blood lactate concentration. In order to test this theory two groups …

Low Back Pathology Or "Oh My Aching Back", Marcia K. Anderson

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Data On Gait Characteristics Of Four, Five, And Six Year Old Children Using Three Dimensional Video Motion Analysis, Donna Soave Nichols

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study resulted from a need to gather and analyze data on gait characteristics of normal children using the Peak Performance Technologies, Incorporated system, initiate a data base for the Motion Analysis Center at Old Dominion University and compare a computerized motion analysis system to studies using different methods. Fifteen children, aged four to six, were evaluated during gait using a video-based computerized motion analysis system manufactured by Peak Performance Technologies, Incorporated. The gait characteristics studied were stride length, cadence, angular displacements and angular velocities of the pelvis, hips, knees and ankles. The results showed that methods …

Interactive Effects Between Group And Single-Subject Response Patterns, Janet S. Dufek, Barry T. Bates, Nikolaos Stergiou, C. Roger James

Journal Articles

A two-part study was undertaken to investigate the effects of movement experiences on lower extremity function during impact activities. Group and single-subject performances were evaluated for a total of 12 male volunteers during landing (Study I) and running (Study II) activities. Standard biomechanical techniques were used to obtain kinematic (200 Hz) and kinetic (1000 Hz) data during soft, normal and stiff-knee landings (Study I) and for under, normal, and over-stride running (Study II). Performance trials were tested for normality, condition differences were documented and multiple regression models were computed to predict the first (F1) and second (F2) maximum vertical forces …

Protecting Your Back: Weight Room Management, Peter J. Titlebaum, Gordon Rackley

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Weight room supervision can be a formidable undertaking without the necessary preparations and precautions. Weight room supervisors are much like the Secret Service; that is, no matter what happens, if bad, it is the supervisor's fault. Risk management is more important now than at any point in history. The keys to preventing problems and creating an efficient weight room facility include a highly trained staff and a thoroughly detailed employee manual designed specifically for the weight room.

Effect Of Oral Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation On Body Mass And Composition, Dennis Michael Burke

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation has been suggested to be an effective nutritional supplement to increase body mass. Sixteen male college baseball players, participating in an off-season, high-intensity strength training program, underwent body composition tests via hydrostatic weighing, skinfolds, and bioelectrical impedance analysis once-a-week for a total of 5 weeks (Trials). After a baseline trial (Trial 1), in a double-blind, placebo, between-subjects design, 8 subjects orally ingested 30 grams (a loading dose) of creatine monohydrate daily for 7 days (Trial 2) and 10 grams (a maintenance dose) of creatine monohydrate daily for 21 days (Trials 2, 3, 4, and 5). Body …

Military Recreation Programs: Their Role In Quality Of Life Of United States' Service Men And Women And Their Families, Michael Gorham

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This thesis was designed to determine the importance of military recreation programs in improving the quality of life of United States service men and women. The study utilized a survey conducted on Fort Campbell, Kentucky, in the Spring of 1995. The results were analyzed individually and as a group. The findings were that military recreation programs play an important role in the quality of life of United States service men and women and their families. These findings were supported by the review of related literature and results from the survey which showed that 70% of the respondent's "Agreed" or "Strongly …

Static Forces And Moments Generated In The Insect Leg: Comparison Of A Three-Dimensional Musculo-Skeletal Computer Model With Experimental Measurements, Robert J. Full, Anna N. Ahn

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

As a first step towards the integration of information on neural control, biomechanics and isolated muscle function, we constructed a three-dimensional musculo-skeletal model of the hind leg of the death-head cockroach Blaberus discoidalis. We tested the model by measuring the maximum force generated in vivo by the hind leg of the cockroach, the coxa-femur joint angle and the position of this leg during a behavior, wedging, that was likely to require maximum torque or moment production. The product of the maximum force of the leg and its moment arm yielded a measured coxa-femur joint moment for wedging behavior. The …

Exercise And Physical Self-Perception: Effects Of A Twelve Week Fitness Walking Program On Self-Reported Fitness Level Of College Students, Kristin M. Connell

Honors Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if any changes occurred in the health-related components of physical fitness during a sixteen week walking course at a southern university campus. In addition, the study noted the changes which occurred in the student's perception of his/her fitness level, as assessed by questionnaire, and the relationship between actual fitness and perceived fitness level.

Ua12/12 Wku Wellnews, Vol. 2, No. 2, Wku Wellness Center

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by the Wellness Center regarding services, health and fitness.

Chi Gong--An Exercise For Internal Health, G. Chen, Shirley H. M. Reekie

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Two Isotonic Resistance Training Routines For Individuals With Above Average Strength, Craig L. Kruse

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if individuals, possessing above average strength in the bench press exercise, would improve their 1RM more by using an experimental resistance training program as compared to a program of a more traditional nature.

Seventeen male subjects between the age 18 and 26 years, mean age 21.8 years, who were considered to have an above average strength level in the bench press exercise (a bench press strength to body weight ratio, S/BW, greater than 1.00) participated in this study. The subjects had an average S/BW of 1.17. All the subjects trained three alternate …

Is There A Difference In Cortical Representation Between Dominant And Non-Dominant Arm Muscles Of Elite Badminton Players?, Dylan J. Edwards

Theses : Honours

Training for sport involves the development of skill and coordination. The physiological changes associated with skill acquisition are complex and at present poorly understood. One of the areas in the central nervous system thought to be involved with skill acquisition is the cerebral motor cortex where localised areas are responsible for controlling specific muscle groups. Learning or improving a motor skill may require reorganisation of the cortical areas controlling relevant muscles to accommodate the new skill. To test this idea we studied a group of elite badminton players that were highly skilled in their dominant playing arm. Transcranial magnetic stimulation …

Effect Of Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness On The Motor Control Properties Of The Biceps Brachii, Alan J. Pearce

Theses : Honours

The objective of this study was to note the time course changes for up to 28 days on the motor control properties of biceps brachii muscle following a bout of eccentric exercise. Eight subjects (5 male, 25-40 years of age) performed 35 maximal voluntary eccentric contractions with the non-preferred arm of the elbow flexors through 130° of extension of 90°s^-1. Voluntary electromyographic (EMG) activity and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded via surface electrodes placed over the belly of the biceps brachii muscle. Maximal isometric strength was measured at 90° elbow flexion. …

A Comparison Of Isokinetic And Isotonic Predictions Of A Functional Task, Mitchell L. Cordova

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Controversy still exists regarding the use of isokinetic and isotonic exercise in rehabilitation of the injured athlete. Many studies have compared these two types of training methods on various strength measures and functional activity, but have focused on open kinetic chain training. The purposes of this investigation were to determine: 1) which form of closed kinetic chain training, isokinetic or isotonic, would produce the greatest increase in one-legged jump reaction force; and 2) which training method most accurately predicts peak force produced during a one-legged jump. Forty-two legs from 21 female volunteer subjects were used. Each subject had her dominant …

Cardiovascular, Thermoregulatory, Metabolic And Performance Responses To Repeated Ultraendurance Cycling, Bart E. Drinkard

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to describe physiological and performance responses in six highly trained cyclists during four days of repeated ultraendurance cycling. Each subject raced in four consecutive 100 mile per day time trials using their own bicycles mounted to a computerized ergometer. The race course profile consisted of rolling terrain with simulated gradients of minus five to ten percent. Body weight was measured prior to each time trial. Total performance time and fluid intake for each time trial were recorded. All other data were measured at ten mile intervals during each 100 mile time trial. Means for …

Contextual Interference Effects In The Acquisition And Retention Of Motor Tasks By Individuals With Mild Mental Handicaps, William J. Vincent, Mary A. Painter, Kathleen B. Inman

Faculty Publications

The effects of contextual interference on motor skill acquisition and retention were examined in 24 subjects (mean age 13.9 years) with mild mental retardation and 24 chronologically age-matched subjects (mean age 13.11 years) with no disabilities. Subjects from each group were assigned randomly to either a blocked or a random practice schedule. All subjects performed 15 practice trials for each of three different beanbag throwing tasks, 45 trials total. Following a 10-min filled retention interval, 2 trials of each throw (6 total) were performed in a random order by all subjects. Accuracy scores were measured as absolute error from the …

Sensory Information And The Perception Of Cold-Induced Pain, Stephen S. Streator

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Specific terms are often used to describe the pain athletes will experience during cold treatments. It is not clear whether providing athletes with such sensory information will decrease their perceived pain during treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine if subjects' perception of cold-induced pain could be influenced by the type of information provided before treatment, such as "pain will be excruciating" or "pain will be minimal. 11 Ninety Division I intercollegiate athletes were randomly assigned to one of five groups: traditional terms (cold, burning, aching, numbness); high level (freezing, crushing, pounding, heavy), medium level (cold, gnawing, pulsing, …

Correlation Between Hamstring Spasticity And Range Of Motion And Selected Gait Parameters In Pediatric Clients With Spastic Diplegia, Erin Mccain Glace

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Spasticity is often considered the primary limitation to function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between hamstring spasticity and a functional activity, specifically gait. The gait parameters chosen were step length, stride length and velocity. A secondary purpose was to study the relationship between hamstring contracture and the same gait parameters. Reliability data were calculated for tone and ROM measurements. Eleven subjects (8 male and 3 female) between the ages of three years and fifteen years with a primary diagnosis of spastic diplegia were recruited for this study.

Hamstring spasticity …

Students' Perception Of Teacher Expectation In A Co-Educational Physical Activity Class, Cari Robin Turner

Student Work

The purpose of this study was to determine if a gender difference exists between students perception of male and female teacher expectation. Student perceptions were determined by administering the Student Perception Inventory (SPI) developed by McBride (1990). Three high schools and five junior high schools which included 15 teachers participated in the study. All students who participated were enrolled in co-educational physical activity classes. All students were surveyed at the beginning of the class period. There were 363 students surveyed. Of the 363 students surveyed, 342 were considered usable. Analysis of the data included frequency and percentage of response, as …

Ua64/10/5 Scrapbook 1989-1994, Wku Recreation Majors' Club

Student Organizations

Scrapbook created by members of the WKU Recreation Majors' Club between 1989 and 1994. Book mostly consists of photographs. There are a few event programs.

Frequency Of Attainment Of Plateau In Maximal Oxygen Consumption In Differentially Trained Athletes, Jeffrey Michael Seda

Masters Theses

A plateau in oxygen consumption during exercise testing has been considered a requisite indicator of achievement of true maximal oxygen consumption. The wide range of reported percentages of subjects revealing a plateau (7 to 80 percent) indicates that closer analysis of factors that may influence plateau attainment is necessary. This study examined the frequency of plateau attainment in two groups of differentially trained subjects. One group (TR) of 12 males (ages 18-36) were trained runners and the other group (WL) of 12 males (ages 18-31) consisted of trained weight lifters. The subjects participated in a series of maximal exercise tests …

Quadriceps Strengthening Daily Adjustable Progressive Resistance Exercise (Dapre) Technique Versus Delorme's Progressive Resistive Exercises (Pre) Techniques, Paul R. Cleveland

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

The purpose of this study was to determine if the DAPRE technique would significantly improve strength in the non dominant quadriceps muscle as opposed to Delorme's PRE technique for strengthening. Using a pretest posttest Cybex II strength test and applying a t-test for independent samples, it was found that after four weeks there was no significant difference between Group A (N=10) who exercised using Delorme's technique and Group B (N=10) who used the DAPRE technique It was concluded that possibly because of the low sample number, the short length of the exercise intervention, and using normal healthy subjects instead of …

The Historical Transformation Of Swimming Into A Modern Leisure Activity, Stephanie J. Haas

Student Work

The purpose of this study is to trace the transformation of swimming from its earliest appearance in the literature to its contemporary form as a modern leisure activity. The processes of rationalization, legitimation and democratization are examined in pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial societies.

An investigation of the available literature disclosed negative attitudes toward swimming during the Middle Ages which caused a decrease in expressive uses of swimming. After this period, swimming's acceptance as a legitimate leisure activity continued to increase through the industrial and post-industrial eras. The democratization of swimming seemed limited to societies on the coasts of large bodies …

A Comparison Of Three Cam Profiles As Measured By Emg And Angular Displacement, Elizabeth Grace Ann Hood

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if variations in cam profiles cause differences in muscle contraction as measured by surface EMG, knee joint angular displacement, and torque. There were seven hypotheses tested. The ten subjects were adult male volunteers (18-24 years) who participated in a counterbalanced treatment design study testing three variously shaped cams over five lifting tests. The results indicated that for the EMG data, the cam and lifts effect had significant Wilk's values. For the cam effect the consistent cam had the highest millivolt value. For the lift effect, the pre 1 rep max had the …

Optimization Of The Seating Position In A Human-Powered Vehicle, Y. Lei, Mohamed Trabia, D. Too

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Until recently, most of the human-powered vehicles (HPV) were designed focusing solely on its aerodynamics characteristic. In many of these HPV designs, the rider seating position was arbitrarily chosen without consideration of its effect on the rider's comfort and cycling effectiveness. Also, there is no guarantee that the seating position is related to maximum power output. Too (1991) used an experimental approach to determine that the rider will produce the maximum anaerobic power when the seat tube angle of a bicycle is at 75° whereas Hull and Gonzalez (1990) used an engineering approach to optimize the cycling biomechanics. However several …

A Historic Accomplishment: The First Blind Person To Hike The Appalachian Trail, Joseph H. Huber

Bridgewater Review

On November 21, 1990 Bill Irwin, 50 arrived at the base of Mount Katahdin in Main’s Baxter State Park, thus completing a walk of the footpath known as the Appalachian Trail. Irwin’s goal of hiking the entire Trail began on March 8, 1990. His excursion through extensive wilderness in 14 states include 8 national forests and about 0 state parks and game lands.

Unlike most through-hikers – those attempting to walk the entire 2,144 miles of the trail starting from Springer Mountain in northern Georgia to Mount Katahdin in one hiking season – Irwin’s accomplishment attracted a great deal of …

Ua12/12 Your Healthstyle, Wku Wellness Center

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by the Wellness Center regarding services, health and fitness.