Life Sciences Commons^™

One-Week Stability Of Forearm Venous Outflow As Assessed By Venous Occlusion Plethysmography, Jennifer Pitre Ortego

LSU Master's Theses

The aim of this study was to test short-term and long-term reliability of venous outflow (VO) indices using the venous occlusion plethysmography technique. A secondary purpose was to compare venous measures to age, gender and various anthropometrical measures. The study group consisted of apparently healthy males and females, aged 18 to 80 years. Venous indices were under measures on two occasions (1 week apart), under the conditions of rest and following 5 min of upper arm occlusion. Venous outflow measures were calculated from the area under the curve (AUC) as well as the plethysmographic curve technique at the time .5 …

A Comparison Of Self-Report And Performance-Based Measures Of Physical Function In Older Adults, Amy Elizabeth Dunbar

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the associations between perceived quality of life (QOL)and self-report and performance-based measures of function. An additional purpose of this thesis was to determine whether the afore-mentioned tests could differentiate between independent-living and assisted-living older adults. A total of 36 residents, independent-living (n=22) and assisted-living (n=14), of a continuing care retirement community (age range=65-94) completed the study. Perceived QOL was assessed using the SF-36 and Nottingham Health Profile. The Barthel Index and Functional Status Index (FSI) were used to assess Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Physical function was measured using the reduced Continuous …

Determinants Of Erythropoietin Release In Response To Short-Term Hypobaric Hypoxia, Ri Li Ge, S. Witkowski, Y. Zhang, C. Alfrey, M. Sivieri, T. Karlsen, G. K. Resaland, M. Harber, J. Stray-Gundersen, B. D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

We measured blood erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, arterial O2 saturation (SaO2), and urine PO2 in 48 subjects (32 men and 16 women) at sea level and after 6 and 24 h at simulated altitudes of 1,780, 2,085, 2,454, and 2,800 m. Renal blood flow (Doppler) and Hb were determined at sea level and after 6 h at each altitude (n = 24) to calculate renal O2 delivery. EPO increased significantly after 6 h at all altitudes and continued to increase after 24 h at 2,454 and 2,800 m, although not at 1,780 or 2,085 m. The increase in EPO varied markedly …

Skin Cooling Maintains Cerebral Blood Ffow Velocity And Orthostatic Tolerance During Tilting In Heated Humans, Thad E. Wilson, Jian Cui, Rong Zhang, Sarah Witkowski, Craig G. Crandall

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Orthostatic tolerance is reduced in the heat-stressed human. The purpose of this project was to identify whether skin-surface cooling improves orthostatic tolerance. Nine subjects were exposed to 10 min of 60° head-up tilting in each of four conditions: normothermia (NT-tilt), heat stress (HT-tilt), normothermia plus skin-surface cooling 1 min before and throughout tilting (NT-tiltcool), and heat stress plus skin-surface cooling 1 min before and throughout tilting (HT-tiltcool). Heating and cooling were accomplished by perfusing 46 and 15°C water, respectively, though a tube-lined suit worn by each subject. During HT-tilt, four of nine subjects developed presyncopal symptoms resulting in the termination …

Reliability Of Wavelet Analysis Of Heart Rate Variability During Rest And Exercise, Deborah Jean Stone

LSU Master's Theses

The reliability of wavelet analysis (DWT), of heart rate variability during rest and exercise was examined for this study. All twenty-three participants visited the lab on two separate occasions no less than four weeks apart. All twenty-three participants were subjected to the spontaneous breathing (SB1), and HG60 exercise condition. Of those twenty-three participants, nine performed the HG20 exercise condition as well. It was found that during the SB1 condition, the R-R intervals were fairly reliable between days. However, the reliability of all the HRV parameters (SDNN, spectral components and wavelet components) were quite poor. Interestingly, however, during HG20, the reliability …

Is There A Threshold Intensity For Aerobic Training In Cardiac Patients?, David P. Swain, Barry Franklin

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Purpose: Recent guidelines have recommended the use of a percentage of oxygen uptake reserve ((V) over dot O₂R) for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity for cardiac patients. Moreover, these guidelines suggest that a threshold intensity may exist, below which no improvement in peak oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-_2peak) occurs, The purpose. therefore. was to translate the intensity of aerobic exercise in previous training studies using cardiac patients into %(V) over dot O₂R units, and determine whether a threshold intensity exists, Methods: Twenty-three studies, using 28 groups of aerobically trained cardiac patients. were identified in …

Changes In Muscle Function And Motorneuron Excitability Of The Triceps Surae Following A Bout Of Fatiguing Eccentric Exercise, Mikala Pougnault

Theses : Honours

A reduction in capacity of the neuromuscular system associated with exercise can occur from a wide range of physiological and psychological factors. Many researchers have investigated neural activation during exercise, or the effects of muscle damage associated with eccentric exercise, but few have studied the prolonged effects of a bout of eccentric exercise on strength and motorneuron excitability. Eleven male and female subjects (aged 20-43 years) were tested to determine the effects of a fatiguing bout of eccentric exercise upon maximal isometric plantarflexion strength, motorneuron excitability, and neural activation of the soleus (SOL) and medial gastrocnemius (MG). The exercise consisted …

Vagal Modulation Of The Heart And Central Hemodynamics During Dynamic Handgrip Exercise And Forearm Occlusion Following Forearm Exercise Training, Heidi A. Kluess

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose was to examine the cardiovascular response to an acute bout of handgrip exercise before and after non-dominant arm exercise training. 19 people participated in 16 sessions of exercise training and 16 participants acted as controls (age: 20±1yrs). Blood flow measurements were taken at rest and following 3-min of forearm occlusion (RHBF) using plethysmography. Pneumotachometer, ECG, and blood pressure data were continuously collected during three testing conditions (spontaneous breathing (SB1: 5min), handgrip exercise (0.5hz) at 60%MVC with 50mmHg of pressure on the arm (H60+50mmHg: 5 min), and forearm occlusion (FAO: 3min)). Data were analyzed for respiratory rate, mean R-R …

Organizing Learning And Practice To Enhance The Acquisition Of Psychomotor Skills In Athletic Training, Ansley Y. Hendrick

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Training Methods To Increase Neck Muscle Strength [Thesis], Ryan Stuart Price

Theses : Honours

The purpose of this study WHS to determine if increases in isometric cervical muscle strength and range of movement (ROM) generated from ten weeks of training on the Multi-cervical unit (MCU) is significantly greater than the increase gained by training with the dynaband. The high rate of neck injury in the Air Force from pilots exposed to high +Gz force has instigated this research. 32 healthy subjects were split into three groups, with one group as the control, one group training on the MCU and one group training on the dynaband. Training groups completed ten weeks of resistance training in …

The Relationship Between Movement Confidence And Level Of Physical Activity In Older Adults, Alastair Stewart

Theses : Honours

The movement confidence model proposed by Griffin and Keogh (1982) determined level of movement confidence by including sensations of enjoyment and fear of harm as well as perceived competence. Whilst this has been studied in children there is a paucity of research into older Australian adults. For the purposes of this study Australian older adults were defined as people over 50 years of age, permanently residing in Australia. Therefore, this study had four major purposes. The first purpose was to identify the relative contributions of (a) perceived competence (PC), (b) enjoyment (EN), and (c) fear of harm (FH) to movement …

Discrimination Of Cardiac Health And Disease By Assessment Of Heart Rate Variability: Wavelet Vs. Fast Fourier Transformation, Jusonda Leray Derouen

LSU Master's Theses

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation of the heart is of clinical importance because of its relevance to risk of life threatening arrhythmic events. Decomposition of heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to quantify ANS control of the heart. The traditional method for frequency analysis has involved the use of fast Fourier transformation (FFT). However, heart rate data typically violate assumptions of the FFT. Therefore, the assessment of HRV may benefit from other, potentially more suitable, mathematical approaches. For example, the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) appears to have promise with respect to its ability to discriminate between healthy and …

Coordination Of The Lower Extremity Muscles During Gait Transitions, Lorna Louise Ogden

LSU Master's Theses

Often the approach to investigating muscular coordination during transitions entailed conducting tests at speeds held constant. This study investigated muscular activity during continuously changing speeds in order to further detail and quantify neuromuscular changes during gait transitions. Twelve healthy adults, 18-41 years of age, were recruited as participants. Informed consent was obtained. Gait transitions were induced by the speed of the treadmill changing with constant acceleration. Reflective markers were placed on anatomical landmarks of the hip, knee,ankle, heel, and 5 th metatarsal joint. Bipolar surface electrodes were positioned on the subjects’skin over the muscular bellies of the gluteus maximus (GM), …

Leg-Extensor Strength And Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance In Independent-Living Older Adults, Kathryn O'Bryan Wilson

LSU Master's Theses

A clear relationship between age-related decrements in leg strength and physical function have been reported. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the relationship between quadriceps strength tested at various velocities and the CS-PFP 10 items. Thirty-three older adults (ages 70-95 years) were assessed using the CS-PFP 10 test battery and performed quadriceps strength testing at 0, 90, 180º/sec using the Biodex dynamometer. Values for torque are reported as peak torque (PT) and relative peak torque (AdjPT) in Nm/kg body weight. The range of values for PT was (PT0: 20.2-144.3 Nm; PT90: 14-113.6 Nm; PT180: 9.6-86.4 Nm). Simple correlation …

Effects Of High-Load Eccentric Exercise Training On Rat Soleus Muscle Myofibrillar Disruption Following One-Week Of Hindlimb Suspension Unloading And Subsequent Reloading, Rhonda Dianne Prisby

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Purpose: This investigation evaluated the effects of a high-load (50% body weight) eccentric exercise training protocol on reloading myofibrillar damage in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in rats following 7 days (d) of hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU). Methods: 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly stratified to four experimental groups; exercise + hindlimb suspension unloading (ExHSU), hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU), exercise (Ex) and control (C). The ExHSU and Ex groups underwent a high-load eccentric exercise protocol for ~2.5 weeks. Following exercise training, the ExHSU and HSU groups underwent 7 d of hindlimb suspension unloading and a subsequent 16-19 …

Will Theaters Receive Two Thumbs Up From Individuals With Disabilities?, Joseph H. Huber

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Black And White Elderly Women On Muscle Mass Bone Mineral Density And Balance., Tyanez Jones

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Few studies have compared balance between aging black (BW) and white women (WW) and examined its relationship to muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD). Nineteen BW and 56 WW between 60-91 years participated. Upper and lower body strength, body composition, BMD, volitional and non-volitional control of dynamic balance, and physical activity ratings were assessed. There were no differences in strength between the groups. A trend was reported for total body BMD (p=0.07). WW exhibited better control of rapid volitional movements, in the limits of stability and rhythmic weight shift tests. The relationships of strength and muscle mass to BMD …

A Comparison Of Hot Packs And Light Or Moderate Exercise On Rectus Femoris Temperature, Sean J. Sreniawski

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Hot packs, light exercise, and or moderate exercise are used to heat soft tissue injuries before rehabilitation or competition for their desired effects. This comparison is beneficial to clinicians, so that they may be better educated on the use of the most effective therapeutic modality heating protocols when treating a soft tissue injury. Objective: To compare the application of a hot pack to light intensity exercise and moderate intensity exercise on peak temperature of the rectus femoris muscle, and the time at which peak temperature is reached. Design: A 1 x 3 factorial design was used in this study. …

Examining The Effects Of Deer Antler Velvet Supplementation On Muscular Strength, Performance, And Markers Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness., Robyn Suzanne Percival

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To examine the effects of deer antler velvet on muscular strength, performance, and markers of delayed onset muscle soreness following a 10-week resistance training period.

Participants: 16 resistance-trained males (18-35) volunteered.

Measures: DEXA, 1-RM, a power test, and a 70% performance trial were measured. Creatine kinase and self-reported soreness levels were measured following an eccentric trial.

Results: No pre-experimental significant differences existed between the groups for any of the variables measured. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding body composition, strength, muscular performance, or improvements in creatine kinase and soreness levels from pre to post-intervention. Both groups …

Area-Level Characteristics And Smoking In Women, Marilyn Tseng, Karin Yeatts, Robert Millikan, Beth Newman

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objectives. This study examined whether area-level characteristics are associated with individual smoking behavior among women.

Methods. Analyses included 648 women enrolled as control patients in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993–1996). Smoking and covariate information was obtained from interviews. Area-level characteristics included census block-group education level, poverty, unemployment, car–home ownership, crowding, and, for 431 women, city-level crime rates.

Results. In multivariate logistic regression models, no area characteristics were clearly associated with a history of smoking. Among those who had ever smoked, continued smoking was associated with living in low-education areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = …

A Disengaging Metal Spike And Putting Green Quality, C. Jayne Brahler, Joe Macgowan, Marjorie Kapper, Katie Murphy, Mike Pequignot, Cristi Seidelson, Vicki Denlinger, Carrie Crites

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Over the past few years, some disadvantages to alternative spikes have surfaced. The amount of damage to putting surfaces is in question, but the damage may not be noticed immediately, as it is with the conventional 8-mm length metal spike. The present study questions the effect of alternative spikes on putting green quality and ball roll.

Swimming Mechanics And Behavior Of The Shallow-Water Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis, Ian K. Bartol, Mark R. Patterson, Roger Mann

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Although squid are among the most versatile swimmers and rely on a unique locomotor system, little is known about the swimming mechanics and behavior of most squid, especially those that swim at low speeds in inshore waters. Shallow-water brief squid Lolliguncula brevis, ranging in size from 1.8 to 8.9 cm. in dorsal mantle length (DML), were placed in flumes and videotaped, and the data were analyzed using motion-analysis equipment. Flow visualization and force measurement experiments were also performed in water tunnels. Mean critical swimming speeds (U_crit) ranged from 15.3 to 22.8 cm s^-1, and mean …

The Ethics Of Sport: A Reader, Chad R. Carlson

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Critical Analysis Of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation During Repeated Head-Up Tilt., R L Hughson, M R Edwards, D D O'Leary, J K Shoemaker

Kinesiology Publications

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebrovascular autoregulation has been described with a phase lead of cerebral blood flow preceding changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), but there has been less focus on the effect of CPP on cerebral vascular resistance. We investigated these relations during spontaneous fluctuations (control) and repeated head-up tilt.

METHODS: Eight healthy adults were studied in supine rest and repeated tilt with 10-second supine, 10 seconds at 45 degrees head-up tilt for a total of 12 cycles. Cerebral blood flow was estimated from mean flow velocity (MFV) by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, CPP was estimated from corrected finger pressure (CPP(F)), …

Fundamental Dietary Patterns And Their Correlates Among Us Whites, Marilyn Tseng, Robert F. Devellis

Kinesiology and Public Health

A social history of eating habits in the United States (1) suggests that there are 2 fundamental US dietary patterns. The first, characterized by beef or pork, while flour bread, and potato consumption, is grounded in British culinary heritage. The second, characterized by fruits and vegetables consumed as "protective" foods, that is, to avoid illness, is a result of the development of nutrition science, the growth of good and advertising industries, and efforts of World War 1 food conservation programs. To confirm the occurrence of these 2 dietary patterns and their sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates, we used principal components analysis …

Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of The Dynamic Effort, Maximum Effort, And Repeated Effort Methods With Compensatory Acceleration, Eric W. Patterson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resistance training is being used to better sports performances worldwide. Increases in strength have been shown to enhance performance and decrease the incidence of injury. The optimum speed and load needed to increase strength in the least amount of time has yet to be determined. Researchers have categorized different methods used to increase strength including the Dynamic Effort, Maximum Effort, and Repeated Effort Methods and Compensatory Acceleration. However, the optimum combination of these methods has not been shown through scientific study. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six week training program using the Dynamic …

Intralimb Coordination Following Obstacle Clearance During Running: The Effect Of Obstacle Height, Nikolaos Stergiou, Shane D. Scholten, Jody L. Jensen, Daniel Blanke

Journal Articles

The purpose of this study was to investigate the different coordination strategies used following obstacle clearance during running. Ten subjects ran over a level surface and over obstacles of six different heights (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20 and 22.5% of their standing height). Analysis based upon the dynamical systems theory (DST) was used and the phasing relationships between lower extremity segments were examined. The results demonstrated that the increasing obstacle height elicited behavioral changes. The foot and the leg became more independent in their actions, while the leg and the thigh strengthened their already stable relationship. The 15% obstacle height …

The Cardiovascular Effects Of Resistance Exercise Training On Orthostatic Intolerance In Elderly Individuals., Lynn P. Rhea

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the age-related changes associated with normal aging is the inability to maintain normal blood pressure homeostasis, a common clinical condition known as orthostatic intolerance. There are little data on the effects of strength training in healthy adults and orthostatic intolerance, and only one study on strength training and elderly adults diagnosed with orthostatic intolerance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on the cardiovascular respones of elderly individuals during an orthostatic challenge.

Thirteen subjects were assigned to either a resistance (RES; n=7; 66±5 yrs.) or a control (CON; n=6; 71±6 …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Interval Training Vs. Continuous Training On Weight Loss And Body Composition In Obese Pre-Menopausal Women., Jeffrey Warren King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role exercise intensity plays in reducing body weight and percent body fat in overweight women. Subjects were randomized to either a high intensity interval training group (IT) or a lower intensity steady state training group (ST). Each group exercised 3 times per week for 8 weeks and expended 300 kcal per exercise session. VO₂max, body composition, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured pre and post training. RMR was measured after exercise at week 2 to see if intensity levels affected RMR. VO₂max and body composition improved …

Determinants Of Teachers' Intentions To Teach Physically Active Physical Education Classes, Jeffrey J. Martin, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Robert C. Eklund, Brett Reed

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine determinants of teachers' intentions to teach physically active physical education classes (i.e., spend at least 50% of class time with the students engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity). Based on the theories of reasoned action, planned behavior, and self-efficacy, a model was examined hypothesizing that teachers' intentions were determined by subjective norm, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy. Using hierarchical regression analyses, the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior were supported by accounting for 65% of the variance in intention due to the main effects of attitude and subjective …