Life Sciences Commons^™

The Loss Of Some Strength Characteristics Of Coated Magazine Paper As A Result Of Exposure To Elevated Temperatures, Hugh D. Burnie

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect that varying degrees of temperature have on the strength properties of coated magazine stock. Paper of this type encounters high temperature conditions primarily in the ink drying operations following the printing of the web. The strength with which the paper meets the cutting, folding and binding methods which follow the drying operation are of paramount importance to the printer. Throughout the work, attempts were made to assimilate conditions encountered in present day commercial practice.

A New Experimental Pulp Digester Installation With Separate Steam Supply, Andre L. Breton

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Part I

Literature Survey

Up to now, few articles have been written on the subject of Experimental Pulp Digester Installations. In our searches we have been able to find information concerning only The Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada in Montreal, P.Q., Canada, The Chemical Pulp Experimental Department of the Central Laboratory in Finland, and a sulfite digester for research and instruction at the University of Washington at Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.

Acid Treatment Of Pulp At Different Temperatures And The Resultant Change In Pulp Characteristics, Kent Dickerman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Literature Survey

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the acid treatment of pulp at different temperatures. In the experimental work, enough sulfuric acid is used to neutralize the mixture of pulp and water and thereafter reach in the pH range of one and eight tenths to two at atmospheric pressure. Temperatures during experimentation range from room temperature to 100° Centigrade.

Effect Of Seasonal Basal Sprays On Root Suckering Of Aspen, D.P. Worley, W.C. Bramble, W.R. Byrnes

Aspen Bibliography

Aspen is a short-lived tree widely distributed in this continent.

A Condition Guide For Aspen Ranges Of Utah, Nevada, Southern Idaho, And Western Wyoming, Walter R. Houston

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Prevernal Leafing Of Aspen In Utah Mountains, W.P. Cottam

Aspen Bibliography

The Rocky Mountain aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx., var. aurea Tidestrom) dominates more mountainous terrain in Utah at elevations between 7,000 and 10,000 feet than any other forest species.

The Treatment Of Decayed Wood From Dead Trembling Aspen Trees For Growth-Ring Analysis, Arthur W. Ghent

Aspen Bibliography

This paper elaborates certain procedures briefly outlined in an earlier article. Although dry wood from dead trembling aspen has been found best suited to growth-ring analysis, in its absence use has been made of water-saturated wood from the underside of fallen trunks. A technique of wax impregnation, adaptable to wood in both early and advanced stages of decay, is described. Rapid impregnation with near-boiling wax is sufficient to facilitate transverse sectioning of relatively sound wood; advanced decays require a slower impregnation with cooler paraffin. Hot xylol is used to remove the wax and flatten the section. Successive, overlapped sections provide …

Thinning From Above Reduces Total Yields In Medium Site Aspen, Miron L. Heinselman

Aspen Bibliography

Early commercial thinnings "from above" in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) may provide early returns from good sized bolts, but they result in lower total yields according to a study conducted by the Lake States Forest Experiment Station on the Chippewa National Forest in Minnesota.

The Effect Of Synthetic Resin Adhesives On The Strength And Physical Properties Of Wood Veneer Laminates, Stephen B. Preston

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Properties Of American Beech In Tension And Compression Perpendicular To The Grain And Their Relation To Drying, Eric L. Ellwood

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Some Variables On The Numerical Evaluation Of Printing Quality, James G. Dunlap Jr.

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The desire for specific information concerning those qualities of paper, which tend toward satisfactory results in printing, has become of great interest to papermakers and paper consumers. To the paper mill, this information is important in preventing the production of unsatisfactory printing paper. To the printer, such information enables him to determine unsatisfactory paper before it reaches the presses, and also permits him to tell the papermaker in advance the characteristics that are desired in the paper.

Influence Of Additives Upon The Viscosity Of Concentrated Deinking Waste, Richard J. Drexel

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The literature survey reveals little information relating directly to deinking waste. This waste is composed mostly of coating and filling pigments such as clays and calcium carbonate therefore a study was made along these lines. Hauser (8), and other colloidal chemist, generally agree that clay and other pigment suspensions can be dispersed with certain chemical additives. This is said to be attributed to the active forces of repulsion between the particles which in turn produce a marked effect upon the flow properties. Further studies reveal that the Hercules Hi-Shear viscometer has been useful in analyzing high solids pigment suspensions which …

Polyvinyl Acetate Lattices As Adhesives For Pigment-Coated Paper, Robert L. Harney

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In recent years, the possibility of using synthetic latices as adhesives in the paper coating industry has caused much interest. The manufacturers of latices uncovered a new market by fostering developmental research in the field of pigment coating binders. Polyvinyl acetate latices were one of the group of products studied in this manner.

In the past, experts in the field of coating believed that synthetic latices could contribute substantial improvements to some optical properties of coated papers over and above that of conventional adhesives. It was also felt that synthetic latices could exhibit higher pigment binding power than conventional adhesives. …

Supercalender Variables (I) The Effect Of Supercalender Pressure On The Physical Characteristics Of Paper, Kenneth L. Maves

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This work is concerned with the effect of supercalender pressures on the physical properties of paper.

The literature survey shows that very little work has been published concerning the effect of the variables of supercalendering on paper. In this investigation, a study is made of the effect of varied supercalendering pressures on 50 percent rag ledger and coated folder paper. The experimental results show that definite trends were established on physical strength and optical properties when supercalender pressure w as increased.

A Comparison Of The Color Stability Of Certain Rosin Sizing Agents As Influenced By Light And Iron, Raymond L. Janes

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature survey is presented concerning the yellowing of paper with age and the relationships of rosin, light, and iron as factors in inducing this discoloration. The recent chemical modifications of rosin which are applicable for use in the sizing of paper are investigated with the intent of discerning whether or not they exhibit sufficient improvement in color-brightness stability over that of natural rosin to warrant their use in certain high quality papers.

The experimental results indicated only one rosin modification, "Foral", a fully-hydrogenated rosin, having a marked advantage over natural rosin with regard to brightness stability as affected by …

Size Tests Applicable To Writing Surface Versus Aqueous Inks, Md. Mozammel Haque

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

Some paper, because of their use requirements are required to be porous and absorbent to liquids, particularly water. Examples of these papers are paper towels, blotters and filter paper. Most papers, however, are required to be resistant to the passage of acquous liquids or vapor. Writing papers, moisture resistant bags, waxed paper and many other classes of paper too numerous to mention fall into the latter groups of papers.

The required degree of resistance to the penetration of aqueous liquids or vapors is brought about through the process of sizing. Sizing may be defined as the addition of materials …

A More Rapid Routine Control Method For The Estimation Of Titanium Dioxide In Paper, Allen E. Uhl

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A procedure is given for estimation of titanium dioxide in paper, whereby ashing the sample is omitted thru simultaneous destruction of the paper and solution of the titanium. This method is compared with the standard methods of analysis in regard to time required and precision.

Printing With Moisture Setting Inks. The Influence Of Varying Degrees Of Sizing And Varying Amounts Of Hardwood Fibers On The Printability Of Bleached Sulphate Sheets, Frank L. Yankoviak

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The work on this thesis has been conducted for the purpose of investigating the effect of two variables on the printability of a bleached softwood sulphate sheet; using a moisture setting ink. The two variables are: (1) rosin sizing, (2) furnish, namely, varying amounts of bleached hardwood sulphate fibers.

Handsheets were made in the laboratory with four levels of rosin sizing. and increasing amounts of hardwood fibers. The amounts of hardwood fibers ranged from zero to 100 percent with two intermediate percentages.

The calendered handsheets were then printed and visually inspected for quality of printing obtained. Other tests. carried out …

Tree-Ring Dating, Waldo S. Glock

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Man Hours Required For Thinning And Clear Cutting Pole-Size Aspen, R.A. Ralston

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Drying Rates Of Thin Sections Of Wood At High Temperatures, Herbert O. Fleischer

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Taxation And Other Factors Affecting Private Forestry In Connecticut, Eugene V. Zumwalt

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Strength Characteristics Of Multi-Ply And Single-Ply Handsheets, Yale Brandt

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In a multi-ply handsheet there are three fundamental strengths. These fundamental strengths are the bonding between plies, bonding between fibers and the strength of the fibers. The strengths are interrlated and controlled by the preparation and mechanical handling of the stock.

The beating of the fibers, the consistency at which the sheet is formed, the couching pressure, and the final pressing all produce certain marked effects on the strength characteristics in a multi-ply handsheet.

In general it may be said that the strength characteristics of a given weight sheet may be increased by forming a multi-ply sheet.

The Influence Of Fiber Length And Fiber Length Distribution On Some Strength Characteristics Of A Commercial Pulp, David Kraske

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this thesis, four groups of fibers with varying average fiber lengths have been separated from a coniferous bleached kraft pulp which had been beaten to different levels of freeness. The fractionation of the pulp was accomplished with a Bauer-McNett fiber classifier. The groups of fibers were analyzed for average fiber length, fiber length distribution and for their strength characteristics.

The results of this survey show interesting and significant trends, particularly with regard to the apparent density, tensile strength and the tearing resistance of the various fractions. The contributions of the various fractions to the strength characteristics of the whole …

Non-Cellulosic Fibers Their Properties And Influence On The Characteristics Of Handsheets, James W. Winn

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Some non-cellulosic fibers have been discussed as to their paper making characteristics.

In the field of inorganic chemistry only glass fibers have been used in paper making. The methods used in the conversion of the brittle filament into paper have been described in detail.

In the field of thermoplastic fibers, Vinyon, a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate; Saran, a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride; and Styrene, polymerized styrene units, have been discussed. The limited data found in the literature on the performance of Vinyon have been presented.

A Study Of Methods Used To Determine Fiber Length And Fiber Length Distributions By Optical Means, Russell Larson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Various methods of slide preparation and fiber measurement are discussed in this literature survey. It is generally agreed that the time required to complete an individual test of fiber length has been an important factor in preventing a wider application of fiber length measurements in stock preparation control. Most authors use a method whereby a slide containing a number of fibers is projected and. the measurements are made directly on the screen.

A method of measuring; fiber length and fiber length distribution by a projection arrangement is described and the operating procedure given. The relation between pulp at different degrees …

The Influence Of Single, Two, And Three Stage Bleaching On Fading Characteristic Of Deinked Stock, Phillip H. Avery

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature survey on the various bleaching methods used on deinked stock and the factors which influence the fading characteristic of deinked stock is compiled. Mention is also made of various additives which have an influence on the fading of a sheet. A description of the experimental work with caustic deinked stack of various groundwood content follows. Results indicate that the groundwood content has more effect upon fading of deinked stock than the number of stages of bleaching, although the increase in the number of stages of bleaching does reduce the amount of fading in a sheet. A greater effect …

The Evaluation Of Paper By Means Of The Densichron Instrument, Edward G. Degalan

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

An Evaluation of the Universal Magnephot Densichron as a Reflectometer, Opacimeter and Color Analyzing Device

This paper is a report on the evaluation of the Universal Magnephot Densichron, an electronic photocell instrument developed for the photographic industry, for use in the paper industry. This instrument has been found to have several errors which make its use impractical for research work in the laboratory, but it can be used in paper mills for control purposes. If this used for this type of work certain precautions have to be taken as outlined. The major portion of this paper deals with the possibility …

A Proposed Method Of Forming A Sodium Hexametaphosphate Film On The Fourdrinier Wire, Theodore Richard Kielts

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate to the white water system of the paper mill is an effective method of preventing pitch deposition. The ability of this compound to prevent pitch agglomeration is due to its tendency of forming monomolecular films on metallic surfaces to which pitch will not adhere.

This thesis has attempted to evaluate whether this monomolecular protective film is best formed by spraying a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate onto the moving Fourdrinier wire or whether it is best formed by the present-day method of allowing the film to form from the white water system to which sodium hexametaphosphate …

A Comparison Of The Strength Characteristics Of Sheets Produced By Standard T.A.P.P.I. Method And By Means Of The Noble And Wood Sheet Machine, William C. Geiger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The first section of this paper is devoted to a literature survey in which the following sheetmaking variables, and their effects upon strength were examined: drying, tension, couching, pressing, consistency of stock in headbox, effect of differences in wire mesh, and drainage time.

The second section is composed of results obtained by personal experimental work. In order to provide an accurate comparison of the two sheetmaking machines in question, their relative differences in procedure were interchanged so as to bring out the variations in strength values for force drying versus air drying, tension during drying versus drying without tension, and …