Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Machine Draw Tensions On Sheet Properties, James C. Wyrick

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A machine run was made on 75% softwood, 25% hardwood bleached kraft. All variables were kept constant except for the draw between dryer sections. This was varied between -0.2 fpm and 2.0 fpm at approximately 90 fpm wire. speed. Samples were taken at eighteen points between -0.2 fpm and 2.0 fpm and tested for moisture content, basis weight, tensile, elongation and tensile energy absorption. Moisture content was found to vary from 59.5% to 63.2% dryness while the basis weight varied from 39.2 to 41.1 lb. (25x38-500) ream. The basis weight showed no effect on percent dryness. Both the percent elongation …

Effect On Starch On Pigment Particle Packing And Its Effect On The Sheet Properties, Michael L. Armstrong

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The starch-clay suspension is the basis for the coating industry. This study shows that cationic and anionic starch at levels of addition below 10 parts per hundred can disperse the clay to obtain maximum particle packing or minimum void volume. The particle packing effect showed a relatively small effect on the sheet properties. But due to the large variation in coat weight and the physical effects of the adhesive only very general trends could be realized on these sheet properties.

The Effect Of Infra-Red Radiation On The Curing Rate Of An Alkylketene Dimer Sizing Agent, Roland A. Johnson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The contents of this thesis examine the principles behind and the effects of the application of infra-red radiation on a sheet sized with an alkylketene dimer. Handsheets were formed by the Noble and Wood procedure from bleached softwood kraft pulp beaten to a Canadian standard freeness of 390. They were sized with the dimer to a 0.2% concentration on the weight of the oven dry fiber combined with a cationic retention agent to a 0.05% concentration. It was found that infra-red radiation improved the sizing effects of the dimer.

Characterization Of Fiber Fines By Drainage Resistance Analysis, Edward J. Grys

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This thesis begins by developing a literature background for a variety of pulp characterization methods and relating them to present-day techniques.

Two methods are evaluated and compared with the Canadian Standard Freeness (C.S.F.) test. They are the Centrifugal Water Retention (C.W.R.) method and the constant rate filtration resistance method using the Pulmac Permeability instrument. A standard pulp was used and the fines content was varied from 0% to 25% at 5% intervals. Handsheets were made and the pulp characterization values were related to sheet strength values.

In general, the data indicated that the specific surface area, from the constant filtration …

The Effect Of Ph On Alkaline Sizing Of Kraft And Sulfite Softwoods, Stephen M. Courtney

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Alkaline sizing has many inherrent advantages over conventional sizing with rosin and alum. The presence of alum alone in the papermaking system can be a detrimental factor to some characteristics of the process and the final sheet. By sizing under alkaline conditions not only is alum eliminated from the system but also a superior grade of sizing is achieved.

For the sizing of softwoods with Aquapel, an alkyl ketene dimer, it was found desirable to size in the pH range 8.0 to 8.3 and Canadian Standard Freeness 500 to 530. The kraft softwood was found slightly more susceptible to alkaline …

The Effect Of Moisture On Ply-Bond Strength Of Paperboard, Danny L. Breen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect on the ply-bond strength of the moisture content of the plies of a multi-ply sheet at the time of joining.

Two-ply sheets were formed with the plies at various moisture contents at joining. The resulting ply-bonds were evaluated by three methods, viz. Instron peel, Mullen ply-bond, and z-direction tensile. Each method showed the same trend of ply-bond strength dependence on moisture and within the range of experimental error the average values of the three techniques correlated well.

This study showed that the moisture content of the plies at joining is extremely …

Influence Of Sheet Extensibility On Tearing Strength, Thomas C. Axel

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This paper investigates the possibility that there is a relationship between the tearing properties and elongation properties of a sheet of paper. A lack of specific information in the literature and the advent of the in-plane tear method contributed to the need for work to be done in this area. Pulp was prepared according to TAPPI Standards and handsheets formed on a Noble And Wood sheet mold. After wet pressing, sheets were stretched with a hand made device to varying degrees, and dried in an oven in the stretched position. An Instron machine was used to determine the percent elongation, …

Behavior Of Pesticides In Plants, Logan A. Norris

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A number of chemicals of diverse characteristics have arbitrarily been classed together on the basis of their use and given the descriptive name "pesticides. " An unfortunate aura of mystery has developed about these chemicals. However, there is nothing unique or mysterious about the chemicals we refer to as "pesticides." Like other chemicals, they have properties which can be accurately measured; they obey all the laws of physics, chemistry, and biology.

The Effects Of Cationically Charged Titanium Dioxide On Particle Dispersion In The Sheet Of Paper, Neil A. Hartman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Comercial bleached soft wood sulfite pulp was used. The pulp was refined in a Standard Valley Beater to a Canadian Standard freeness of 428. This pulp was preserved and used to make all of the handsheets, on a Noble and Wood handsheet mold.

The Titanium dioxide added to the handsheets was prepared in three different ways: simple dispersion, dispersion of the Titanium dioxide along with cationic substances, and addition of the dispersed Titanium dioxide and the cationic substance to the pulp without previous co-dispersion. The optical properties of the sheets were measured and the Titanium dioxide in the sheets was …

The Influence Of Information Signs On Visitor Distribution And Use, Perry J. Brown, John D. Hunt

Forest Management Faculty Publications

Lack of information is a primary factor accounting for visitors jamming recreation sites, overflowing onto highway rights-of-way and blocking facilities [5, p. 95]. In attempting to attain an even distribution of visitors, the importance of information signing as a management tool is often overlooked. Oxenfeldt indicates that advertising (information) alters behavior most efficiently when it supplies information customers are seeking [4, p. 471]. Tocher and Kearns noted in visitor characteristic studies that travelers seek different experiences when touring than when at home or work [6]. Information signs may lead the visitor to these different experiences. Hypothesizing that signs can influence …

Wood Formation And The Concept Of Wood Quality, Philip R. Larson

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Full-Tree Harvesting System Aids Forest Management, Z.A. Zasada, J.C. Tappeiner

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Exclosures And Natural Areas On Rangelands In Utah, W. A. Laycock

Aspen Bibliography

This exclosure on the Beaver District of the Fishlake National Forest is typical of the many two-part exclosures found throughout Utah. In this exclosure, cattle were excluded, while deer were permitted behind the fence in the area on the right. Both cattle and deer were excluded in the area on the left. Note lack of aspen reproduction where deer were permitted and abundant reproduction where they were excluded.

The Effects Of Some Silvicultural And Soil Treatments On Aspen (Populus Tremuloides Michx.) Reproduction In Northern Utah, Calvin O. Baker

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Cattle, Sheep, And Other Factors On Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) Reproduction After Clear-Cut Logging In Southern Utah, Paul A. Lucas

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Populus: A Bibliography Of World Literature, 1854-1963, R.E. Farmer Jr., J.S. Mcknight

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Livestock Grazing On An Aspen Forest Community, Ronald G. Weatherill, Lloyd B. Keith

Aspen Bibliography

During 1967-68 a study was conducted near Rochester, Alberta, to evaluate the effect of grazing by domestic livestock on an aspen (Populus tremuloides) forest community and on some common wildlife populations therein.

Aspen Grove Use By Deer, Elk, And Cattle In Southwestern Coniferous Forests, Hudson G. Reynolds

Aspen Bibliography

Aspen groves within mixed conifer forests produce more herbaceous understory than adjacent forest. Thinning aspen groves improves herbaceous understory and aspen regeneration. Higher deer and cattle use of aspen groves is associated with the greater abundance of understory vegetation.

The Effect Of Reduced Extractive Content On The Burning Rate Of Aspen Leaves, C.W. Philpot

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Spectral Infra-Red Reflection Measurements From Natural And Treated Aspen Forests, Frank W. Haws, Ralph Briscoe, Allan Steed

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Prescribed Burning Weather In Minnesota, Rodney Sando

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Simulation Of The Growth Of Even-Aged Stands Of White Spruce, Kenneth J. Mitchell

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

On Temperature And Heat Flow In Tree Stems, Lee Pierce Herrington

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

The Request Of Dr. William Overlease At A Joint Meeting Of The Facilities Planning Board With The Deans And Directors, West Chester State College, May 21 1968, A. D. Roberts, J. A. Owens, L. D'Antonio, D. Goudy

Gordon Natural Area History & Strategic Plan Documents

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Relationship Between The Sugar Content Of Enzyme Converted Starch And Pick Values Of A Coated Sheet, David A. Mrochek

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this experiment was to convert starch by the use of enzyme. The conversion was carried out in a way to produce variations in the reducing sugar contents of the cooked starch. These starches were then applied as the adhesive in a coating mixture. Draw downs were made using the variety of coatings and then the sheets were tested for surface strength. The IGT Pick Tested was used. It was hoped that a definite relationship between sugar contents and pick values could be obtained. This, however, was not the case and the experiment would have to be considered …

A Study Of The Effect Of Fiber Length Distribution On The Tear Strength Of A Synthetic Fiber Sheet, Kit Funderburk

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Plans For Studies Of Aspen Management On The San Juan National Forest, A Prospectus, W. M. Johnson, L. A. Mueller, C. A. Myers

Aspen Bibliography

This prospectus for studies of aspen management on the San Juan National Forest is based on instructions contained in Director Price's' memorandum of October 24, 1968 and Assistant Director Hayes' memorandum of October 1, 1968.

The Dispersion Of Titanium Dioxide In Paper, Michael James Gallagher

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It has been recognized in the past that certain means of dispersing titanium dioxide in paper yielded better results. An optimum dispersion is one that results in the best optical efficiency of the pigment in the sheet.

In an attempt to pinpoint the optimum conditions the following facts were revealed. Increased mechanical action on the stock slightly increases the brightness and opacity. Pigment addition to higher consistency stock increases brightness and opacity considerably. The alum agglomerated impurities of soft water slightly increase opacity and decrease brightness in unpigmented papers; do not appreciably change the optical properties of pigmented sheets. Untreated …

The Biology Of Choristoneura Houstonana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), A Pest Of Juniperus Species, E. A. Heinrichs, Hugh E. Thompson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Choristoneura houstonana (Grote) lays eggs singly in July. Egg development ranged from 8 to 11 days, with the majority hatching 10 days after oviposition. Larvae are solitary, and mine during early instars, but later instars feed externally on leaves in shelters made by webbing foliage together. There is one generation each year, and overwintering occurs in a hibernaculum, in mined leaves. Field-collected head-capsule width frequencies indicated nine larval instars. Rearing larvae on seedling junipers indoors indicated a range of 8–11 instars. Pupation occurs during June and July in the shelter where the larva feeds. The pupal stage lasted about 10 …

The Effect Of The Sequence Of Dilution Upon The Potential Brightness Of Coated Board, Michael G. Lindquist

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study has been to determine the influence of the sequence of dilution upon the potential brightness of coated board. The sequence of diluting a coating slurry was varied and its effect upon the brightness of doubly coated board was noted. Besides the measurement of brightness, the coat weight and scattering coefficients were determined. The brightness was determined on the standard I.P.C. Brightness meter. The coat weight was determined from a modification of Tappi Standard T-627m58 while the scattering coefficient was determined from a table of brightness and scattering power.

The results indicated that diluting a coating …