Life Sciences Commons^™

Microscopy In The Study Of Fats And Emulsions, J. M. Deman

Food Structure

Plastic fats consist of a three dimensional network structure of crystals in which liquid oil is trapped. This crystal network is held together by weak attractive forces, the nature of which is nut definitely e stablished. Crystal size is dependent on temperature history and is subject to polymorphic transitions which greatly affect the microstructure of the system. The microstructure of fats has been investigated by using polarized light microscopy, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis . Recently, a permeametric method has been developed which enables the determination of the specific surface area of the crystals in a fat. This method …

Some Effects Of Lipids On The Structure Of Foods, K. Larsson

Food Structure

The functional properties of different lipids in foods are demonstrated and related to the structure of lipid or lipid-water phases. On the basis of new X-ray data on the crystal structure of the B'-form and the a + B' transition in fats, the polymorphic transitions are considered as different lateral arrangements of triglyceride dimers. The physical properties of fat crystals can be explained from the structures, as well as possibilities to influence the polymorphic transitions.

Molecular interaction between polar lipids and proteins or starch is discussed, and the effect of the amylose-lipid inclusion complex on gelatinization temperature and water penetration …

Detection Of Buttermilk Solids In Meat Binders By Electron Microscopy, Miloslav Kalab, Frederick Comer

Food Structure

Nonfat dry milk and buttermilk solids used as ingredients in meat binders can be differentiated by transmission electron microscopy. The meat binders are suspended in water and coarser ingredients such as wheat and mustard flours are separated from the milk solids by low-speed centrifugation (415 g for 30 min). The milk solids thus purified are concentrated by ultracentrifugation (8 x 104 g for 90 min) and the resulting pellets are embedded in a resin, thin-sectioned, stained, and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Buttermilk solids are revealed by the presence of fat globule membrane fragments. In the absence of buttermilk solids …

The Pzc Of Mercury In The Presence Of Humic Acids And Their Complexes With Aluminium, Geraldine S.P. Ritchie, Alan M. Posner, Ian M. Ritchie

Food Science and Nutrition

Variation of the lifetime of a mercury drop with potential was used to determine the pzc of mercury in the presence of soil humic acids and their aluminium complexes. In all cases there was an overall net shift in the pzc in the cathodic direction. Variation in the extent of the shift with pH and concentration indicated greater adsorption of negatively charged species. The shift was smaller in the presence of aluminium humates, probably due to a decrease in the negative charge of the humic acid molecules after complexing. The use of electroanalytical techniques for metal speciation studies in soils …

Metals In Honey Produced And Marketed In Connecticut, Dennis W. Hill, Thomas R. Kelley, Gale R. Morrow, Karen J. Langner

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Bovine Muscle Cathepsin D: Purification And Proteolytic Activity On Muscle Proteins, Paul Hwaleun Fan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An affinity column for cathepsin D was prepared making use of the strong affinity of pepstatin for cathepsin D. Pepstatin is an N-acylated pentapeptide from Actinomycetes with the following structure: isovaleryl-L-valyl-L-valyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoyl-L-alanyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy- 6-methyl heptanoic acid. A relatively rapid and efficient method for cathepsin D purification has been developed; Steps include homogenization, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose column. The final preparation has a specific activity of 38 units/mg. and shows a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate corresponding to a subunit molecular weight of 42,000. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies did not reveal any impurities. The …

Effect Of Atmospheric Oxidation On Bioavailability Of Meat Iron And Liver Weights In Rats, Kathleen M. Cardon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Iron bioavailability of diets containing oxidized turkey and oxidized beef meat was investigated in two experiments. In both studies male, weanling rats were made anemic by consumption of a low iron diet and bleeding. The experimental diets were prepared so that meat was the only source of iron. Hemoglobin regeneration served as the basis for measuring iron utilization. In experiment 1, lyophilized, uncooked turkey meat was allowed to oxidize at 20-22°C for 0, 48, 96, 144, 216, or 264 hours and then fed to the rats. The length of oxidation time of the turkey meat did not significantly affect the …

An Investigation Of The Rework Defect In Process Cheese, Patricia Ramirez Baca

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of time that processed cheese was held ex- posed to heat alone or with agitation, the level of rework cheese, and the type and level of emulsifying salt were evaluated by determining finess of emulsion based on scanning electron microscopy measurements, meltability, and rheological measurements using a Universal Testing Machine.

Process cheese held in the cooker at 82°C for up to 4o minutes became less meltable and more firm and the emulsion became finer while that held at 82°C outside of the cooker without agitation was only slightly affected. Loss of meltability and increased firmness associated with pro-longed …

Investigations On The Great Northern Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.): Protein Functionality, Antinutrients, Flatus Factors, Fermentation, And Carbohydrates, Shridhar K. Sathe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein content of the Great Northern beans was 26.10 percent on a dry weight basis. The apparent isoelectric pH of the NaCl extractable proteins was about 4.4. Among the several solubilizing agents, Na₂CO₃, K₂SO₄, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and NaOH at the respective concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, 5.0 (all w/v), and 0.02 N were the best protein solubilizing agents, solubilizing 93.6 grams Lowry protein per 100 grams Kjeldahl protein. AIbumins and globulins accounted for 21.18 and 73.40 percent, respectively, of the total bean proteins. The bean proteins were fractionated and protein concentrates …

The Effects Of Myoglobin, Nitrosylmyoglobin, And Free Iron On The Growth Of Clostridium Botulinum In Cured Meat, Susan K. Fortier Collinge

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although nitrite is a known inhibitor of Clostridium botulinum in cured meats, the mechanism of inhibition is not understood. The observation has been made that iron is required for growth of C. botulinum and that the role of nitrite may be to alter the pathway of iron uptake by these organisms. Since the color change in cured meats is due to the binding of nitrite to the heme group of meat pigments, it was hypothesized that nitrite may also be tying up an essential iron source, heme. This experiment was an investigation of the possibility that myoglobin added to a …

Educating The Dietitian On Nutritional Counseling Principles In Diabetes Mellitus And Their Application For Adolescents With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: Use Of A Learning Package, Eileen R. Deleeuw

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a Learning Package on nutritional counseling principles in diabetes mellitus with specific application for adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes. The Learning Package was designed to be used as continuing education material for the clinical dietitian. It consisted of two audio tapes, 2 1/2 hours in length, recorded by the author and an accompanying handbook or resourcebook. The resourcebook materials were designed to give further details, provide resources and materials for future reference, visually reinforce the audio presentation, summarize information given in the presentation, and give a bibliography of the references cited. …

Comparison Of Skim Milk Starter, Whey Base Starter And A Direct Set Method On The Yield, Quality And Economics Of Cottage Cheese Production, Wayne G. Geilman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three different methods of acidifying skim milk(milk starter, whey base starter and direct acid set) for making cottage cheese were evaluated for their effect on yield, quality and acidification cost. Cultured cottage cheese was produced with milk starter and pH controlled whey-base starter by the short set method. Five percent milk starter and 2.4% whey base starter were approximately equivalent in activity and gave average setting times of 234 to 255 minutes. Direct acid set cottage cheese was made by the Vitex/American method. The setting time required for direct acid set cottage cheese was 158 minutes. Yields of cottage cheese …

Examination Of The Effect Of Physical Exercise On Metabolic Control In Type I Insulin-Dependent Youth With Diabetes Mellitus, Gayle Ann Brazzi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There is evidence for the importance of physical exercise balanced with diet and insulin therapy in the treatment and control of Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent attention in the literature has focused on the once neglected component of treatment--exercise. A well-controlled exercise state is generally believed to be beneficial for the individual with diabetes. Limited studies are available on the effect of exercise on long-term metabolic control. Before exercise levels can be professionally prescribed for a given population of youth with diabetes, current exercise patterns should be evaluated as to the effect on long-term metabolic control.

It is the …

Allergenicity Of Various Peanut Products As Determined By Rast Inhibition, Julie A. Nordlee, Steve L. Taylor, R. T. Jones, John W. Yunginger

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Extracts of 19 different peanut products and peanut oil were tested for their allergenicity by the radioallergosorbent test inhibition assay using a crude peanut extract from raw peanuts as the standard for comparison. Seventeen of the extracts were able to competitively inhibit the binding of serum IgE from peanut-sensitive patients with the solid-phase raw peanut extract. Peanut oil and the extract from hydrolyzed peanut protein did not inhibit binding, which suggests that these products are not allergenic. The peanut hull flour extract showed a slight ability to inhibit binding, suggesting that this product contains minor amounts of the peanut allergen.

Microstructure And Rheology Of Process Cheese, Abdelaziz Hassan Rayan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Four batches of pasteurized process cheese were prepared from the same Cheddar cheese by cooking to 82C in the presence of sodium citrate, disodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate or sodium aluminum phosphate. Each batch contained the same moisture (40.6%) and emulsifying salt concentration (2.5%). The process cheese was sampled for microstructural and rheological examination after 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 min in the cooker at 82C.

Even though each emulsifying salt affected the physical properties of the process cheese differently, the cheese generally became firmer, stiffer, more elastic and less meltable as cooking time increased from 0 to 40 min. …

Optimum Enzyme Treatment For Liberation And Assay Of Pantothenic Acid In Blood, Jan Pearson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A great deal of variability has been evident in reported pantothenic acid blood values. The purpose of the study was to establish optimum enzyme treatment for liberation and assay of pantothenic acid in blood and sera.

There were eight major findings. First, it was found that there was an active pantetheinase in sera, negating the need for hog kidney peptidase or pigeon liver enzyme in whole blood. The second finding (related to the first) indicated that there was significant autolysis of the peptidase bond between the pantothenic acid and cysteamine moieties of coenzyme A in whole blood. The third finding …

Pantothenic Acid Status In An Elderly Population, Nedra K. Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There has been insufficient data available for suggesting a recommended dietary allowance for pantothenic acid in the elderly population. The purpose of this study was to determine the average dietary intake of pantothenic acid and correlate it with urinary excretions and the blood levels of this vitamin to assess the pantothenic acid status of the elderly population.

A seven day diet record was obtained from 65 non-institutionalized and 26 institutionalized persons over 65 years of age assessed to be free of chronic diseases. A 24 hour urine specimen and a fasting blood sample was obtained from each study participant. An …

The Effects Of A Calcium Pectinate Film Upon Shrinkage, Palatability And Surface Microbial Growth On Carcasses And Selected Beef And Poultry Cuts, Clifford Arthur Stubbs

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A process in which low methoxyl pectin is applied to the surface of meat carcasses and poultry to reduce shrinkage, maintain color and improve shelf life was evaluated. A 3.0 percent aqueous low methoxyl pectin (acidified with 1.4 percent acetic acid if required) was applied to beef, lamb and turkey carcasses by spraying and caused to form a gel coating by overspraying with a 3.5 percent calcium chloride salt solution.

Turkey carcasses treated with acidified pectin or acidified pectin after 3.0 percent acetic acid dip for 30 seconds were not significantly improved in shelf life over carcasses which were acid …

Energetics Of Home Dehydration; The Effect On Product Cost And Quality, Crystal Ann Willis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to compare different home dehydrators and determine if the operation and design of the home dehydrators affected the color, cost, nutrient content, acceptability or flavor of the resulting products and (2) to determine the effect of physical parameters on product color, nutrient content, acceptability and flavor. The physical parameters that were measured during the dehydration process were temperature, relative humidity, and mass flow rate of air. Two products, Daucus carota var sativa (carrot) and juice of Lycopersicon sp. (tomato), were dried in each of six dehydrators (treatments). A sensory panel was used …

Proceedings From The 17th Annual Marschall Invitational Italian Cheese Seminar 1980, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

The Determination Of Trace Levels Of Aluminum By Differential Pulse Polarography, Geraldine S. P. Ritchie, Alan M. Posner, Ian M. Ritchie

Food Science and Nutrition

The direct determination of aluminium in aqueous solutions by differential pulse polarography is described. If the pH is carefully controlled to 4.00 ± 0.01, there is a linear relationship between the peak height of the polarographic wave and the aluminium concentration up to 2.5 × 10^-5 mol dm^-3. The coefficient of variation is about 4% at the 10^-5 mol dm^-3 level. With increasing aluminium concentrations, the relationship ceases to be linear, and above 9 × 10^-5 mol dm^-3, the peak splits, probably because of hydrolysis and polymerisation. Na⁺, NH_{4 …}

Update On Rapidrise Yeast, Georgia C. Lauritzen Ph. D

Archived Food and Health Publications

Factsheet talks about RapidRise yeast and the benefits to using it.

Effect Of Dietary Carbohydrates And Biotin Level On Cecal Size And Biotin Concentration Of Growing Chickens, Kathleen Bauer, P. Griminger

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Growing chickens were fed three levels of biotin, 0, 20, and 100 micrograms/kg diet, and four different carbohydrates, glucose, dextrin, sucrose, and sorbitol, in order to study the effect of dietary carbohydrates on the level of cecal biotin. Dietary sorbitol was found to enhance the concentration of cecal biotin at suboptimal levels of dietary biotin, while dietary dextrin had the opposite effect. When the dietary requirement of biotin was met, cecal biotin greatly increased in the presence of dietary glucose, sorbitol, and sucrose but remained at a low level when dextrin was the dietary carbohydrate. Dietary sorbitol increased significantly the …

Varieties Of Cheese, T A. Morris

Bulletins 4000 -

While Cheddar cheese is by far the main type as far as English speaking countries are concerned, it is only one of a large number of varieties of cheese which are becoming more universal in production and consumption. In other than English speaking countries Cheddar cheese is almost unknown and yet the consumption of cheese in some of these countries is very much greater. The naming of cheese types has usually been a result of the use of the name of the place where the cheese was first made. Thus cheeses of similar type but produced in a different locality …

Metals In Apple Cider Produced And Marketed In Connecticut, Dennis W. Hill, Thomas R. Kelley, Gale R. Morrow, Sylvia W. Matiuck

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Significance Of Hemolytic Activity Of Some Radiation- Resistant Micrococci In Food, Ardyce Welch, R. Burt Maxcy

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Micrococci resistant to 1 Mrad ofgamma radiation were isolated from irradiated chicken. Three isolates were hemolytic on blood agar plates and were selected for further study.Two other radiation-resistant micrococci, Micrococcus radiodurans and Micrococcus radiophilus, were included in the study because there is only a very limited amount of information regarding hemolytic activity of these organisms and their potential role of public health importance. Tests to determine hemolytic patterns, hemolytic activity of extracellular substances, leukocytic activity, presence of enzymes commonly associated with pathogenicity (coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase), and pathogenicity for laboratory animals all suggested that the organisms would not be of …

Isolation Of Radiation-Resistant Bacteria Without Exposure To Irradiation, Scott Sanders, R. Burt Maxcy

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Resistance to desiccation was utilized in the selection of highly radiation-resistant asporogenous bacteria from non-irradiated sources. A bacterial suspension in phosphate buffer was dried in a thin film at 25°C and 33% relative humidity. Storage under these conditions for 15 days or more reduced the number of radiation-sensitive bacteria. Further selection for radiation-resistant bacteria was obtained by irradiation of bacteria on velveteen in the replication process, thereby avoiding the toxic effect of irradiated media. The similarity of radiation resistance and identifying characteristics in irradiated and non-irradiated isolates should allay some concerns that highly radiation-resistant bacteria have been permanently altered by …

Subject And Author Index For Bulletins Of The Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Mohini Mundkur

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin #453, 68 pages.

Bitter Pit Control Could Save Export Granny Smiths, S E. Hardisty

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australian exports of Granny Smith apples are threatened by the incidence of bitter pit. Fortunately treatments which can control this storage disorder, have become available.

Patterns Of Cell Division, Dna Base Compositions, And Fine Structures Of Some Radiation-Resistant Vegetative Bacteria Found In Food, S. W. Sanders, R. Burt Maxcy

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Representative highly radiation-resistant Moraxella-Acinetobacter (M-A), Pseudomonas radiora, Micrococcus radiodurans, and Micrococcus radiophilus exhibited a wide variety of division systems and cell wall characteristics. However, the most resistant M-A possessed unusually thick cell walls, indicating a possible role of the cell wall in radiation resistance in the M-A. Thick septation was present in most of the bacteria studied, but was absent in P. radiora, thus excluding this as a necessity for high resistance. Reliable determination of the number of division planes of the M-A for use as a taxonomic criterion was achieved by the direct observation of dividing cells. …