Life Sciences Commons^™

Heterosis On Body Weights In Crosses Among Brahman, Santa Gertrudis And Cheju Native Cattle, D. H. Baik, D. C. Kim

3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production

Data obtained from 428 calves (59 Cheju native cattle, 60 Brahman, 40 Santa Gertrudis and 269 crossbreds) were analyzed to estimate main effects of environmental factors and heterosis. Mating type, sex of calf, and year of birth were significant sources of variation on most of the weights at preweaning and postweaning periods. Brahman x Cheju native cattle cross showed heterosis of 6.1% on birth weight. Maternal heterosis on weaning weight was 4.9% in Brahman back-crosses and 12.3% in Santa Gertrudis backcrosses.

Genetic Variability Among Cattle Breeds For Beef Production, R. B. Thiessen, C. S. Taylor

3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production

Between-breed variation in body weight, food intake, carcass composition, milk yield, efficiency of food conversion during growth and maintenance efficiency in adult cattle was examined in a multibreed experiment at the AFRC Animal Breeding Research Organisation. Females from 11 beef , 8 dual-purpose and 6 dairy breeds were fed a complete pelleted diet (AA6) ad libitum from weaning at 12 weeks of age until the birth of their third calf. Females were mated by AI to produce both purebred and crossbred progeny which were reared under the same conditions and slaughtered at either 24, 48 or 72 weeks of age. …

Evaluation Of Industry Breeding Programs For Sheep And Goats Introduction And Overview, J. N. Clarke

3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production

In his introduction to the Plenary Session of the First World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production for Sheep, Rae (1974) pointed to the wide diversity of sheep production systems throughout the world. Goats add further to this range in production environments, husbandry systems and to the variety of products for which these two domestic species are farmed. Such variety makes any consolidated review of Genetic Improvement Programs for sheep and Goats very difficult, especially if all important operational features of ~e production and marketing circumstances for each end product are to be considered in evaluating the success of …

Genetic Divergence In Component Strains Of Karan-Fries Cattle, R. K. Sethi, M. Gurnani

3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production

Data on 50 percent and higher Holstein Friesian crossbred genetic groups revealed significant differences with respect to age at first calving, first lactation 305 days yield, dry period and service period. 91.7 percent of the divergence among genetic groups was contributed by 305 days lactation yield. F₁ crossbreds formed separate cluster. Among the higher crosses (75% and above) genetic groups involving only 2 breeds formed separate cluster from genetic groups involving three breeds. Three breed cluster was farthest from the F₁ crossbreds cluster. There was an indication of all the clusters having animals of good genetic potential.

Nonfat Dairy Coffee Whitener Made From Ultrafiltered Skimmilk Retentates, Rafael Jiménez-Flores, Frank V. Kosikowski

Dairy Science

Retentates of different protein concentrations obtained by ultrafiltration of skimmilk were freeze-dried and evaluated as nonfat dairy coffee whiteners. Blended in hot coffee the retentate whiteners containing added riboflavin gave a pH of 6.3-6.55, coffee whitening capacity comparable to a commercial nondairy coffee creamer, and acceptable dispersibility. The retentate nondairy whitener with optimum qualities contained 56% total protein, 0.5% fat, 31.0% carbohydrates, 1.92% calcium, and 27 mg sodium/100g.

Comparative Reproductive Success Of Yellow-Shafted, Red-Shafted, And Hybrid Flickers Across A Hybrid Zone, William S. Moore, Walter D. Koenig

Biological Sciences Faculty Research Publications

Alternative hypotheses of hybrid zones make specific predictions about reproductive components of fitness in the hybrids. The dynamic-equilibrium and reinforcement hypotheses are premised on reduced hybrid fitness, which should be apparent as reduced clutch or brood size or as increased embryonic mortality. The hybrid-superiority and introgression hypotheses predict normal clutch and brood size and embryonic mortality.

Reproductive success was measured at four study sites on a transect across the hybrid zone between the Yellow- (Colaptes auratus auratus) and Red-shafted (C. a. cafer) subspecies of the Northern Flicker. Two additional clutch size samples representing pure Yellow- and …

Spatial And Temporal Response Patterns On The Eight-Arm Radial Maze, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Six maze-experienced hooded rats were timed during five trials on which they collected water from all arms of an eight-arm radial maze, then made five more choices. All subjects frequently exhibited a “task-completion pause:” The subjects rarely spent more than 1 sec in the center of the maze between choices until they had entered all eight arms, then stopped in the center of the maze. In contrast, the time spent in each arm gradually increased until all of the water had been obtained, then decreased slightly. Four subjects began every trial by choosing eight consecutive adjacent arms. The task-completion pause …

Progress Report For The Dairy Research Advisory Board, Various Authors

Other Documents

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Dietary Flourine On Growth, Blood And Bone Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, T. W. Burnell, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three hundred eighty-four growing-finishing pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of dietary fluorine (F) on growth, blood and bone physical characteristics. Fourteen dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing F (as NaF) to a milo-soybean meal basal diet (7 ppm F) to provide levels of 7, 132, 257, 382, 507 and 632 ppm F for Exp. 1, and 7, 25, 43, 61, 79, 97, 115 and 133 ppm F for Exp. 2. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected (P>.09) when F was fed at levels between 7 and approximately …

Effect Of Dry, High-Moisture And Reconstituted Normal And High-Lysine Corn Diets And Particle Size On Energy And Nitrogen Metabolism In Growing Swine, G. L. Asche, J. D. Crenshaw, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two metabolism studies were conducted with 24 (Exp. 1) and 36 (Exp. 2) crossbred barrows (initial weight 35 kg) to determine the effect of corn type - normal corn (NC) and high-lysine corn (HLC) - and storage method - dry (D), high-moisture (HM) and reconstituted (RC) - on energy and N digestibility. Diets fed in Exp. 1 were: 1, NC-soybean meal formulated at .78% lysine (dry matter basis); 2, HLC-soybean meal containing the same amount of corn as diet 1 (.87% lysine); 3, HLC-soybean meal with the same lysine level as diet 1. In Exp. 1, dry matter, energy and …

Effects Of Adding Fat To The Sow Lactation Diet On Lactation And Rebreeding Performance, G. C. Shurson, M. G. Hogberg, N. Defever, S. V. Radecki, E. R. Miller, Win Butler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One-hundred-three multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of two lactation diets containing either no supplemental animal fat (C) or 10% added fat (F) during two seasons, summer (S) and winter (W), in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Sows were placed on their respective dietary treatments 1 wk prior to farrowing and were fed these diets ad libitum throughout the 28-d lactation period. Weekly feed intake and total feed intake were not affected by diet or season, while weekly metabolizable energy (ME) intake tended to be higher during wk 1 and 3, and was higher (P<.04) during wk 2 for sows fed diet F. Sow weight loss from farrowing to 21 d of lactation and to weaning (28 d) were unaffected by diet or season. Average pig birth weight was .15 kg higher (P<.O1) for pigs born during S compared with those born in W. Sows receiving diet F had heavier litters at 21 d (P<.01) and heavier average pig 21-d weights (P<.O1). This was primarily due to the 13.1% increase (P<.04) in estimated milk yield and the higher fat concentration (P<.O01) of milk consumed by the pigs nursing sows fed diet F. Interval between weaning and re-breeding was shortened by 5.9 d (P<.01) for sows during W than during S, and tended to be lower for sows fed diet F (7.3 d) compared with that of sows fed diet C (9.7 d). Farrowing percentage was unaffected by diet but tended to be increased during W (78.9%) compared with S (65.1%). No differences between mason or diet were noted on number of pigs born or number of pigs born alive in the subsequent parity. No diet • season interactions were observed, except for crude protein concentration of sow's milk, which was higher in milk from sows fed diet C during season W (P<.04).

Threonine Requirement Of Pigs Weighing 5 To 15 Kgs., A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Weanling crossbred pigs (avg initial wt 6.4 kg) were fed diets containing six levels of threonine to determine the threonine requirement of young pigs fed diets somewhat similar to those used in commercial swine production. The diets (16% crude protein) were composed primarily of grain sorghum, oat groats and soybean meal supplemented with minerals, vitamins, lysine, tryptophan, methionine and isoleucine, and were calculated to be adequate in all nutrients except threonine and crude protein. Threonine levels were .53, .57, .62, .68, .75 and .83% of the diet. There were two trials, each with 96 pigs. The pigs were fed the …

The Effects Of Sorbic Acid In High Moisture Sorghum Grain Diets On Performance Of Weanling Swine, J. D. Crenshaw, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, N. R. Schneider

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted with 288 weanling pigs to determine the effects of sorbic acid (SA) added to dry (DSG), high moisture (HMSG) or reconstituted (RSG) sorghum grain diets on gains and feed conversion. Dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were: DSG with and without .1% SA; HMSG with .1% SA and RSG with .1% SA. The DSG diets were fed ad libitum. The HMSG and RSG diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 3 and 7 d and were also fed ad libitum. Pigs fed RSG diets consumed more feed than those fed HMSG diets (P<.08). Performance was similar between pigs fed DSG diets without or with SA. Dietary treatments for Exp. 2 and 3 consisted of sorghum grains reconstituted to two moisture contents (MC), with additions of either 0, .05 or .I% SA. The diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 7 d and fed ad libitum. In Exp. 2 and 3, pigs fed the higher MC diets were more efficient in feed conversion (P<.03) than those fed the lower MC diets. In Exp. 3, a quadratic response (P<.04) for average daily gain and average daily feed intake was observed for the main effect of SA. Feed efficiency improved (P<.05) in a linear fashion as SA levels were increased in the diets. The results of these experiments indicate that weanling pigs may be fed HMSG or RSG without adverse effects on pig performance. Inconsistencies in pig response to SA were observed. Feed temperature measurements indicated that SA prevented heat production in the RSG diets for at least 10 d after removal from oxygen-limiting storage, while diets without SA became moldy within 5 d.

Genetic Evaluation Of Holsteins In Columbia, B. Y. Abubakar, R. E. Mcdowell, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Original data consisted of 31,777 records of progeny of 1442 sires for calvings between 1975 and 1983. Unadjusted means for milk yield (kg), days in milk, days dry, calving interval, days carried calf, and age at calving were 4281, 267, 88, 421, 145, and 36.6. Estimated total variance for first lactation milk yield by Henderson's method 3 was 1,385,436 kg 2 with sire and error variances accounting for 1.8 and 98.2%. Heritabilities for milk yield, lactation length, age at calving, and days carried calf were .07, .06, 2.59, and .01. High estimate for age was attributed to confounding of sires …

Heritability Estimates For First Lactation Milk Yield Of Registered And Nonregistered Holstein Cows, J. C. Schneider, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Heritabilities of milk yield and fat test were estimated from first lactation records of 196,672 Holstein daughter-dam pairs separately for registered and nonregistered cows for four milk yield groups and by years of freshening of the daughter. The model included herd-season and sire of the daughter. Heritability estimates were similar for registered and nonregistered cows averaging about .33 for milk yield and .62 for fat test. Estimates of heritability increased slightly over time for both milk yield and fat test. Heritability of fat test was similar for all groups. Heritability estimates for milk yield, however, averaged about .25 in low, …

Growth, Carcass And Palatability Traits Of Intact Males And Steers Implanted With Zeranol Or Estradiol Early And Throughout Life, Chris R. Calkins, D. C. Clanton, T. J. Berg, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to assess the impact of implanting intact beef males with protein anabolic agents at varying intervals throughout life. Ninety-six intact males were assigned to three implant treatments: 1) not implanted, 2) implanted at 9 wk of age, weaning and at 56-d intervals thereafter with a 36-mg zeranol implant or 3) estradiol implant at 9 wk of age and 68 d post-weaning. During the 118-d, post-weaning growing period, eight animals per treatment (one replication) were castrated. After a 114-d finishing period, cattle were slaughtered (average age of 13 to 14 mo). Feedlot performance, carcass and palatability data …

Los Zoológicos: ¿Último Recurso?, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Hunting And The Evolution Of Human Intelligence: An Alternative View, Maxine Sheets-Johnstone

Intelligence Collection

No abstract provided.

1986 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extention Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

We are pleased to present this, our first annual SDSU BEEF REPORT. It is a compilation of research reports and applied information relating especially to the beef cattle industry. The papers included in this report have been prepared by SDSU research and extension scientists, not only in the Department of Animal and Range Sciences, but also in Chemistry, Economics, Dairy Science, Plant Science and Veterinary Science. Since some of the projects from which results are reported are still in progress, the preliminary nature of the results should be recognized. For the reader's convenience, the articles included are grouped by specific …

Proceedings -- National Wilderness Research Conference: Current Research, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Includes more than 70 reports of current wilderness research. Papers are organized around nine topics: wilderness resource research, including natural fire, air quality, impacts to soil and vegetation, fish and wildlife, and water; and wilderness user research related to recreational use and user characteristics, attitudes and behavior, benefits, and management concepts and tools.

Seventh Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

The Monographic Literature Of The Galliformes, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Because of their extraordinarily diverse beauty and importance as sporting birds, pheasants and their relatives have been the subjects of many of the world's finest ornithological books, some of which also rank as among the most valuable from a book-collector's viewpoint. It is the purpose of this brief review to mention some of the landmark books or technical monographs dealing with major groups of Galliformes, both from the standpoints of their informational contents and their relative availability or collector's value. Emphasis is placed on English-language publications, although a few important recent German publications are mentioned.

Probably any review of galliform …

Columnaris Disease Of Fishes, G. L. Bullock, T. C. Hsu, E. B. Shotts Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

Columnaris disease is an acute to chronic bacterial infection that affects anadromous salmonids and virtually all species of warmwater fishes. Davis (1922), who first described the disease, named it columnaris because the causal bacterial cells seen in wet mounts of affected gills and fins were arranged in columnar aggregations. Ordal and Rucker (1944) were the first to isolate the causal organism and, based on cellular morphology, identified it as a myxobacterium. Organisms classified in the order Myxobacterales are long, thin gram-negative rods that are motile on agar media by a creeping or flexing motion. They have a life cycle composed …

Proliferative Kidney Disease In Salmonid Fishes, R. P. Hendrick, M. L. Kent, C. E. Smith

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonid fishes is caused by a poorly understood protozoan, the vegetative stages of which are known as PKX cells. The organism was initially believed to be an amoeba (phylum Sarcomastigophora) by Plehn (1924) and later by Ghittino et al. (1977) and Ferguson and Needham (1978). Similarities between PKX and oyster pathogens of the genus Marteilia led Seagrave et al. (1980) to suspect that the parasite was instead a haplosporidan (phylum Acetospora). More recent studies by Hedrick et al. (1984) and Kent and Hedrick (1985a,b) indicated that the PKX cells are pre sporogonic forms …

The Effects Of Rate Of Change In Body Weight On Tissue Development And Meat Quality Of Youthful Bulls, J. D. Crouse, Chris R. Calkins, S. C. Seideman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Forty-eight Angus bulls about 13 mo of age were used to study the effects of rate of change in live weight on muscle fiber, collagen and sensory characteristics of meat. Bulls were fed a finishing diet before treatment, and assigned to three treatments: 1) negative, 2) zero or 3) positive weight gain for 30 or 60 d prior to slaughter. Treatments were imposed by adjusting feed intake. Seventy-two hours after slaughter, carcasses were observed for quality and yield grade characteristics and longissimus muscle samples were obtained for fiber type, collagen and sensory characterization. Carcass lean at the 12th rib interface …

Late Prehistoric And Protohistoric Large Mammal Zoogeography Of Virginia, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Evidence derived from18late prehistoric (middle and late Woodland Period) archeological sites, from several early historical accounts, and from the current understanding of the distribution of Virginia mammals indicates that the large mammal fauna of the Commonwealth has not changed substantially within the past 4,000 yrs. Some species (e.g., bison, elk, timber wolf, and mountain lion) have been extirpated since the settlement of Virginia by Europeans; some previously extirpated species (e.g., porcupine, coyote, and beaver) have been naturally or artificially reintroduced during the historical period, and others (e.g., woodchuck and red fox) probably have expanded their distributions as a result of …

Reproductive Strategies Of Meadow Voles, Hispid Cotton Rats, And Eastern Harvest Mice In Virginia, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Patterns of reproduction in small mammals in Virginia were examined by autopsying samples of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) collected for 23 months near Charlottesville, of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) collected for 14 months in Portsmouth, and by evaluating live-caught eastern harvest mice (Reithrodontomys humulis) trapped for 15 months in Suffolk and for 12 months in Chesapeake. The meadow vole, a microtine rodent with a north temperate and sub-arctic distribution throughout North America, suspended breeding during the winter of peak density but not of declining density. High metabolic rates and other adaptations for winter …

Biography Of Glenn L. Hoffman, R. M. Overstreet, F. P. Meyer

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

In the fictional West of the United States, a masked man known only as the Lone Ranger rode into the lives of troubled individuals on his white stallion, Silver, and, with the aid of his trustworthy Indian sidekick, Tonto, and a six-shooter filled with silver bullets, solved the people's problems and protected them from villains. When the Lone Ranger finished his deed, he rode away and a person who had received help always asked someone nearby 'Who was that masked man, anyway?'

Channel Catfish Virus Disease, John A. Plumb

United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications

Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) is an acute infection of cultured fry and fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The disease occurs primarily during summer and, with few exceptions, in fish less than 4 months old. The causative agent, the channel catfish virus (CCV), is a member of the herpesvirus group. Since its first identification (Fijan 1968), it has been isolated from infected fish in most areas of the United States where channel catfish are cultured.

Zinc-Amino Acid Complexes For Swine, D. A. Hill, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of sources of dietary zinc on gain, feed conversion and blood and bone traits of swine. In the first experiment 96 pigs were used in a 28-day study.