Life Sciences Commons^™

Inheritance Of Resistance To Races Of Covered Smut, Awns, And Chaff Color In A Wheat Cross, Nazar Singh Dhesi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wheat is the most important cereal crop in the world. It is the principal staple food in Russia, United States, China, Canada, India and a number of other countries.

Covered smut is one of the most serious disease of wheat all over the world. According to Woolman and Humphrey (82) it was known from very early times and is referred to by Theoprastus and other early Greek Roman writers.

Inheritance Of Resistance To Six Races Of Bunt, To Awns And Kernel Color In A Wheat Cross, Marr D. Simons

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wheat is the most important cereal crop of the world, and one of the most serious diseases affecting it over much of its range is covered smut or bunt (57). The word "bunt", according to Heald (48), is a contraction of an old English term, "burnt ear", which fittingly describes the ravages of covered smut.

Man's first knowledge of this disease is lost in antiquity, but it was first recorded by early Greek writers (97). Gaines (39), writing in 1928, stated that since 1924 stinking smut had been the most destructive parasite of wheat in America, causing losses of as …

Inheritance Studies In Stem Rust Of Wheat, Sayed Bad Shah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wheat is an important food crop of the world, especially in Soviet Russia, U.S.A., China, India and Pakistan. Over one billion bushels of wheat are produced annually in U.S.A. The total area under wheat production in Pakistan during 1947-48 was 10 million acres with an average yield of 12 bushels per acre.

The stem rust disease has been known for along time to be destructive to grain crops, even centuries before the Christian era. Rust is of major importance in both the U.S. and Pakistan. Jethro Tull recorded rust in England in 1725. In 1916, rust was serious over the …

Seed And Forage Production In Four Clonal Lines Of Alfalfa As Influenced By Lygus Infestation, John Keith Noyes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

No other forage crop cultivated in the United States can be used in as many ways as alfalfa. The variety of its uses make it a most useful forage crop.

The distribution of alfalfa is world wide and it plays a leading role in the production of livestock and their products. For general feeding of farm animals, alfalfa is unsurpassed. Used for pasture, it has a high capacity, which leads to large gains in grasing animals. If properly rotated and cared for, it adds nitrogen to the soil in a form that is available to plants and thereby increases crop …

The Effect Of Time, Quantity, And Kind Of Irrigation On The Yield Of Sugar Beets, Delos Boyd Archibald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Investigations on factors affecting yield of sugar beets during the past two years at Newton and Garland, Utah, have shown two outstanding facts about irrigating sugar beets. First, the amount of water applied may not be as important as the time at which they receive it. Second, sugar beets should not be made to suffer for water in the early part of their growing season.

These observations suggest the need for further studies on method, time and quantity of irrigation. Further information on the most economical use of irrigation water for sugar beets would be of great value to the …

The Comparative Value Of Commercial Phosphoric Acid As A Fertilizer, Bruce L. Baird

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The practice of applying fertilizers to the soil by adding the liquid form to the irrigation water is increasing in popularity. There are several advantages maintained for such a method of application. Some of the advantages are:

(A) Ease of application.

(B) No special equipment is required for application.

(C) The fertilizer can be applied at any stage of plant growth without physical disturbance of the plant.

(D) Penetration into the root zone may be greater than the dry fertilizers.

Considerable phosphate fertilizer is used on soils of irrigated regions. If the behavior of liquid phosphoric acid after its incorporation …

Inheritance Of Resistance To Loose Smut (U. Tritici) In Certain Wheat Crosses, Bion Tolman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During recent years the principles of Mendelism have been used extensively in the production of the new types of plants possessing resistance to various diseases. Results of this mode of attacking the disease problem have been very favorable. Old varieties are gradually giving way to newer types equal to or exceeding in quality and productivity as well as possessing resistance to one or more diseases.

Loose smut (U. tritici) in wheat, while not as serious a problem in Utah as the covered smut (T. tritici), according to Tapke (14) has caused an average annual loss of between 50,000 and 100,000 …

Fertilizer Studies As Conducted On The Carbon County Experimental Farm With Special Reference To Treble-Superphosphate, Delos Zobell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In 1927 an experimental farm was established in Carbon County, Utah. The farm is on a new irrigation tract south of the Price River and about four miles south of Price. The agricultural problems of the Carbon County Experimental Farm and the locality which it serves are distinctly different from those of most of the farming sections in Utah. The soil of this region is of a sandy, silty nature apparently with deflocculated colloids which make it somewhat difficult to manage. There is a low percentage of organic matter in this soil, and because of this and its impervious condition …

Temperature And Atmospheric Humidity As Factors Influencing Seed Setting In Alfalfa, Lealand A. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For many years seed growers have thought that definite relationships existed between seed production and the weather. When this subject is approached there is little unity of opinion, even among neighboring seed growers. This lack of unity would indicate that growers generally are aware of some cause which affects seed setting, but they are not certain that any particular condition of the weather is the chief contributing factor. Scientific writers¹ on the subject are also confident that weather is probably one of the major factors influencing seed production.

Genetic Study Of Certain Spike And Floral Characters In Barley, Dwight Koonce

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Due to the commercial importance of barley many hybridization studies have been prosecuted in an effort to produce superior economic strains. While the economic breeding is still important, at present there is considerable scientific interest int he inheritance of the characters and in the location of the genes in the different linkage groups.

Inheritance Of Glume And Kernel Color, Of Awnedness, And Of Spike Density In A Cross Between Ridit And Sevier Wheat, Leslie W. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper is devoted principally to the presentation and discussion of the results obtained when certain contrasting characters were brought together in a wheat cross between Ridit and Sevier 59. this is one of the crosses made in an attempt to develop a wheat adapted to this region with the following desirable qualities: Bunt resistance, strong straw, hard kernels, and heavy yield. How near this ideal is approached in succeeding generations can be told only by extensive tests. The genetic study herein presented was made to hasten the time when some of the progeny of this cross may become of …

Inheritance In A Wheat Cross Of Ridit X Utac, C. Leland Dalley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Present-day plant breeding, on the foundation made many years ago, has achieved important scientific and economic results. By means of introductions and selections, superior strains such as Turkey and Kanred have been obtained. Through hybridization new combinations of characters result, combining desirable characters of different plant types in a single individual. In this program, wheat hybridization has occupied a worthy place.

Each year a number of wheat crosses are made at the Utah Experiment Station, the main purpose of which is to develop superior strains of wheat. Such an economic program is aided and hastened by studies in genetic behavior. …

A Study Of Different Methods Of Applying Ammonium Sulfate Alone And In A Complete Fertilizer, Clarence Burnham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The beneficial effects obtained from the application of farmyard manure to the soil have long been known in Utah, but now the point has apparently been reached where it becomes evident that the supply of manure is hardly adequate in some sections where intensive cropping is practiced. The use of commercial fertilizers to increase crop yields is a new practice in Utah agriculture as is shown in Table 1 from an estimate made from data kindly furnished by the Columbia Steel Company, Anaconda Copper Mining Company, Ford Motor Company, Armour Packing Company, and Porter Walton Company.

The early sales in …

Principles Of Irrigation Farming As Developed By American Field Experiments, Prabh Dyall Sikka

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Irrigation is "the artificial application of water to the soil for the purpose of getting large and steady crop yields". It is supplementary to rainfall and the quantity of water applied and the time of application, therefore, must be determined by the character of the rainfall. Irrigation is usually practiced in those regions which have low rainfall as natural precipitation at such places is insufficient to meet the full water requirements of crops.

Inheritance Of Awns In A Cross Between Hard Federation And Kota Wheats, B. Ira Judd

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the past few years there have been numerous studies made of various characters in wheat. Some characters which were thought at first to be simple in inheritance have since been found to be rather complex.

The data in the following pages are the results of an investigation made to study the inheritance of awns in a cross between Hard Federation and Kota varieties of wheat.

A Study Of The Seasonal History Of Alfalfa Flowers As Related To Seed Production, John W. Carlson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A few researches have been concerned with the structure and pollination of alfalfa flowers. Others have considered the biological problems concerned in the pollination and fecundation of the flowers. In none of these studies, however, has an attempt been made to follow carefully the alfalfa flowers through various stages of development. Nor has any effort been made to determine what effect the condition and duration of these stages may have upon the resulting seed crop.

The work that follows is a study of the changes through which the alfalfa flowers pass during the season while functioning as organs of seed …

Correlated Inheritance In Wheat, George Stewart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the rediscovery of Mendel's law in 1900, there have been many studies of inheritance in wheat. Of these rather numerous investigations, however, only a few have consisted of correlated studies of various characters on the same plant.

Inheritance of awns and of spike density have received some attention but the studies have hardly more than indicated the problem. Both have been thought by some to be rather simple in their inheritance, and in some crosses without doubt such is the case, but lately there has come a recognition of considerable complexity.

Density. As here used, "density" refers to …

The Effect Of Alternate Freezing And Thawing On Impermeable Alfalfa And Dodder Seeds, A. R. Midgley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It is surprising to know the small amount of work that has been done on alternate freezing and thawing of seeds. Many experiments, however, have been conducted to see the effect of very low temperatures on seeds and to notice the effect it had on their vitality. Some experimenters subjected seeds to temperatures as low as liquid hydrogen with very interesting results but in very few cases, if any, was the effect of alternate freezing and thawing studied.

The work that follows deals directly with the effects of alternate freezing and thawing on impermeable seeds of alfalfa and of dodder. …

A Study Of Size Inheritance In Wheat, Peter Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The results presented in this paper are from data accumulated by a study of the F3 generation of a cross between the two varieties, Sevier and New Zealand wheat. This cross was made during the summer of 1920 by Professor George Stewart with the object of combining the high-yielding power of Sevier with the strong straw of New Zealand. In the fall of 1922 the problem was assigned to me, at which time I selected about 150 superior plants, possessing the desired characteristics, at least so far as appearance was concerned. Since then these plants and the F3 generation have …

Inheritance Of Chaff Color, Head Shape, And Grain Texture In Wheat, Delmar C. Tingey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The data presented in this thesis are the results obtained from a study of the F₂ and F₃ generations from a cross between the wheat varieties, Dicklow and Hard Federation. Toward the end of the summer of 1922 this problem was assigned to me by Professor George Stewart. The plants then growing in the field were in the F₂ generation, the cross having been made in 1920 by Professor Stewart. The chief purpose of the cross was to improve the grain quality of spring-irrigated wheat by the application of Mendelian principles in such a way as to …

Qualitative Mendelian Inheritance In Wheat Hybrids, Aaron F. Bracken

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two methods of crop improvement are open to the plant breeder. Pure-line selection, which might be mentioned first, deals with the natural variability in plant populations. Thru selection, isolation, and comparative yield tests superior individuals are located. Nothing, however, can be added which the plant does not already have. Here hybridization provides a new starting point. Increased variation, new combination of characters, and thus greater opportunities are provided for improvement. The present investigation has for its purpose a study of the latter phase of this subject.

In certain parts of Utah the straw from dry-land wheat is used for feeding …

The Effect Of Dry Heating On Alfalfa Seed And Adulterants, Ernest V. Staker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship of artificial heating to the germination of seeds has been a subject of more or less interest for the last 75 years. Like other research work, experimenters first had their attention called to the problem largely as the result of innate curiosity. They were interested in the result as measured by germinative power, of the application to seeds of different amounts of heat for varying periods of time, consequently many divergent and sundry experiments were carried out. Seeds of a large number of plants have been subjected to tests and the results recorded. The investigations include the effect …

Inheritance Studies In Kanred X Martin And In G-149 X Ridit, Myron T. Hansen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The studies here reported involve two crosses, one of which was between a pure line of Kanred and a pure line of Martin from a bunt resistant selection. The other was between a pure line of G-149, a rust-resistant segregate from Sevier x Dicklow, and a pure line of Ridit. These were both economic breeding projects made in an effort to combine the good commercial qualities of Kanred and G-149 with the high bunt resistance of Martin and Ridit, respectively.

These crosses also furnished, as a by-product, some good genetic data, as in each cross one parent was fully awned …

Hybridization Of Wheat, Floyd M. Beach

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to set forth the purpose of wheat hybridization. To do this properly it is necessary to know the history of hybridization of plants. Also to know some of the workers in this field and the hybrids produced by them. In the work at the Experiment Stations the various experimenters have discovered many interesting facts which it is necessary to know and understand. To thoroughly comprehend the work it is also necessary to do the actual processes of the work and to carry the hybrid through several generations and eventually to the goal for which …

Mendelian Inheritance In Wheat Hybrids, J. Leo Mortensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Until the beginning of the present centry the general opinion was that Egypt and Mesopotamia were the earliest homes of cultivated plants. Recent translations of the old Chinese records, however, reveal the fact that many of our cultivated plants were grown by the ancient peoples of China prior to the time of the Egyptians.

Dettweiler (11) (1914) writes: "Today it is admitted--except by a few--that the original home of the primitive European population, the Indo-Germans, is not Asia but northern Europe, that they developed their culture there in the late stone age, and that they then dispersed in their wanderings …

Bulletin No. 140 - The Summer Pruning Of A Young Bearing Apple Orchard, L. D. Batchelor, W. E. Goodspeed

UAES Bulletins

The majority of horticultural writers seem to favor the summer pruning of apple trees. The practice, and the arguments made in its favor vary widely and in some instances seem almost contradictory. On the other hand some experimenters and practical workers have obtained negative results by summer pruning from the view-point of crop production and tree growth. Dickens(1) caused unproductive ten year old apple trees in Kansas to bear satisfactorily during the fourth year of summer pruning. The Gardners' Chronicle(2) compiled the opinions of more than one hundrend eighty-five fruit growers who practiced summer pruning, and about 82% of these …

Bulletin No. 137 - The Quality Of Home Grown Vs. Imported Wheat, Robert Stewart, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

In 1907 a number of new varieties of wheat were introduced into Utah and have since been grown on the Nephi Experimental Dry Farm, under strictly dry farm conditions. In view of the well-known influence of environment upon the quality of the wheat it is of importance to study the effect of climatic conditions in Utah upon this introduced seed. Wiley (1) says: "The quality and properties of wheat depend more upon the environment in which it is grown than upon the species to which it belongs. There is perhaps no other field crop in which environment, namely, conditions of …

Bulletin No. 136 - The Commercial Production Of Sugar Beet Seed In Utah, Frank S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

History of the beet sugar industry: The production of sugar from beets is a new industry when compared with the length of time that most kinds of crops have been used by man. It was only about 150 years ago that sugar was extracted from beets even in the laboratory, and at that time the percentage of sugar was so low that the expense of extracting was more than the sugar was worth. Just a little more than 100 years ago the first beet sugar factories were built, but it was nearly fifty years after this time before the industry …

Bulletin No. 133 - Irrigation And Manuring Studies: The Effect Of Varying Quantities Of Irrigation Water And Manure On The Growth And Yield Of Corn, Frank S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

Indian corn is one of the most important crops raised by American farmers. Anything that affects the corn crop of the American farmers. Anything that affects the corn crop of the United States has an influence on the prosperity of the entire country. From an economic point of view therefore, it is important to know as much about the production of this crop as possible. The corn plant also offers an excellent field for scientific investigation independent of any economic bearing.

Bulletin No. 131 - Variety Tests Of Field Crops In Utah, Frank S. Harris, J. C. Hogenson

UAES Bulletins

The number of varieties of practically all the field crops is now very great, and is increasing every year. Each variety has certain growers who believe in it and who do what they can to make it more widely grown. As a result many varieties of crops are found in most every farming community.

This condition is often bad, since it is impossible to build up a good market with a great mixture of varieties of any crop. A much better price can be obtained if each community offers for sale large quantities of a few standard types, rather than …